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Figure 16 in The 'fabrosaurid' ornithischian dinosaurs of the Upper Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of South Africa and Lesotho
Figure 16. Stormbergia dangershoeki gen. et sp. nov. SAM-PK-K1105 (holotype), left tibia in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C) and medial (D) views. Abbreviations: ast f, astragular facet; calc f, calcaneum facet; cnc, cnemial crest; fibc, fibular condyle; lm, lateral malleolus; mm, medial malleolus.
Figure 1 in The 'fabrosaurid' ornithischian dinosaurs of the Upper Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of South Africa and Lesotho
Figure 1. Stratigraphical log showing the subdivisions of the Karoo Supergroup (A), including the Elliot Formation. Map of outcrop of the Elliot Formation in southern Africa (B). Stippled area is the outcrop of the Karoo Supergroup; area shaded black is the outcrop of the Elliot Formation.
Figure 26. 50 in The 'fabrosaurid' ornithischian dinosaurs of the Upper Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of South Africa and Lesotho
Figure 26. 50% majority-rule consensus of 23 most parsimonious trees (MPTs). Numbers beneath nodes represent the percentage of MPTs in which that clade appears. The numbers above each node refer to the list of character-state transformations provided in Appendix 3.
Figure 25 in The 'fabrosaurid' ornithischian dinosaurs of the Upper Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of South Africa and Lesotho
Figure 25. Strict consensus of 48 most parsimonious trees. Letters correspond to names of clades: A, Ornithischia; B, Genasauria; C, Neornithischia; D, Thyreophora. The numbers above nodes represent bootstrap values. Unnumbered nodes have a bootstrap value of less than 50%. Numbers beneath nodes are the decay indices for those nodes. Unnumbered nodes have a decay index of 1.
Figure 19 in The 'fabrosaurid' ornithischian dinosaurs of the Upper Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of South Africa and Lesotho
Figure 19. Stormbergia dangershoeki gen. et sp. nov. SAM-PK-K1105 (holotype): phalanx 1, digit 3, dorsal view (A); digit 2, right pes, phalanges 1–3 in dorsal view (B); unidentified phalanges (C, D) in dorsal view; unidentified ungual (E) in dorsal view. All scale-bars equal 1 cm.
Figure 22 in The 'fabrosaurid' ornithischian dinosaurs of the Upper Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of South Africa and Lesotho
Figure 22. cf. Stormbergia. SAM-PK-K1107, reconstruction of posterior dorsals, sacrum and anterior caudals in articulation with the right ilium, to show positions of sacral rib attachment and probable incorporation of vertebrae into sacrum. The ancestral two sacrals are shown in dark grey, the caudosacral (sacral 5) is shown in light grey, the first dorsosacral (sacral 2) is cross-hatched and the second dorsosacral is shown with a fill of parallel, diagonally orientated lines. Matt black areas represent the attachment of the sacral ribs to the medial surface of the ilium. Labels refer to the vertebrae directly above them. Abbreviations: bs, brevis shelf; cav1, caudal 1; cs, caudosacral; ds1, ds2, dorsacrals 1 and 2; sv1, sv2, ancestral sacrals 1 and 2.
Figure 18 in The 'fabrosaurid' ornithischian dinosaurs of the Upper Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of South Africa and Lesotho
Figure 18. Stormbergia dangershoeki gen. et sp. nov. BMNH R11000 (paratype), right fibula in lateral (A) and medial (B) view.
Figure 10 in The 'fabrosaurid' ornithischian dinosaurs of the Upper Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of South Africa and Lesotho
Figure 10. Stormbergia dangershoeki gen. et sp. nov. BMNH R11000 (paratype), scapulocoracoid in lateral (A), medial (B) and dorsal (C) views. Abbreviations: ac, acromion process; cf, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid.
Figure 17 in The 'fabrosaurid' ornithischian dinosaurs of the Upper Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of South Africa and Lesotho
Figure 17. Stormbergia dangershoeki gen. et sp. nov. SAM-PK-K1105 (holotype): right tibia and astragalus in anterior view (A); left distal fibula, astragalus, calcaneum and metatarsus (B). Fibula, astragalus and calcaneum are in posterior view, metatarsals in anterior view. Abbreviations: asp, ascending process of astragalus; ast, astragalus; calc, calcaneum; fib, fibula; mt1, mt2, mt3, mt4, metatarsals.
Figure 9 in The 'fabrosaurid' ornithischian dinosaurs of the Upper Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of South Africa and Lesotho
Figure 9. Stormbergia dangershoeki gen. et sp. nov. BMNH R11000 (paratype), anterior caudal in right lateral (A) and anterior (B) views. SAM-PK-K1105 (holotype): mid-caudal in right lateral view (C); posterior caudals in right lateral view (D). All scale bars equal 1 cm. Abbreviations: chf, chrevron facet; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis.
Figure 13 in The 'fabrosaurid' ornithischian dinosaurs of the Upper Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of South Africa and Lesotho
Figure 13. Stormbergia dangershoeki gen. et sp. nov. BMNH R11000 (paratype), left ilium in lateral (A), medial (B) and dorsal (C) views. Abbreviations: bs, brevis shelf; ilisp, ischiadic peduncle; saf, supraacetabular flange; sar2, scar for sacral rib 2; sar3–5, scars for sacral ribs 3–5; vf, ventral flange partially backing the acetabulum.
Figure 3 in The 'fabrosaurid' ornithischian dinosaurs of the Upper Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of South Africa and Lesotho
Figure 3. Ischia of Elliot Formation ornithischians. A, B. Lesothosaurus diagnosticus, BMNH RUB17 (syntype); left (A) and right (B) ischia in medial views. A tab-shaped obturator process is absent in both specimens. Bone fragments erroneously glued to the ventral margin of the left ischium (abf) create the false impression that an obturator process is present in this specimen. C. Stormbergia dangershoeki gen. et sp. nov. BMNH R11000 (paratype), right ischium, lateral view. D. SAM-PK-K1105 (holotype), left ischium, medial view. Note the tab-shaped obturator process present in both BMNH R11000 and SAM-PK-K1105. E, F. Lesothosaurus diagnosticus, SAM-PK-K401; left (E) and right (F) proximal ischia in medial (E) and lateral (F) views. SAM-PK-K401 was depicted by Santa Luca (1984) and some authors have suggested that it demonstrates an obturator process in Lesothosaurus. Note, however, that both ischia are too incomplete to support or deny the presence of an obturator process. All scale bars equal 1 cm. Abbreviations: abf, attached bone fragment; dg, dorsal groove on shaft of ischium; iscip, iliac process; obt, tab-shaped obturator process; iscpp, pubic process.
Figure 1 in Aspects of comparative cranial mechanics in the theropod dinosaurs Coelophysis, Allosaurus and Tyrannosaurus
Figure 1. Finite element (FE) models created in this study with respect to taxonomic position with the Theropoda. From left to right: A, Coelophysis bauri, skull and D, FEA model; B, Allosaurus fragilis, skull and E, FEA model; C, Tyrannosaurus rex, skull and F, FEA model. Grey patches on mesh indicate constrained region of model (in direction indicated by arrows). Scale bar = 10 cm. Phylogeny adapted from Holtz (2000) and Rauhut (2003); open circles indicate node-based taxa; black lines indicate stem-based taxa. Abbreviations: aof, antorbital fenestra; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; ltf, lower temporal fenestra; m, maxilla; n, nasal; or, orbit; par, parietal; po, postorbital; pm, premaxilla; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal.
FIGURE 14 in The cranial pneumatic sinuses of the tyrannosaurid Alioramus (Dinosauria: Theropoda) and the evolution of cranial pneumaticity in theropod dinosaurs
FIGURE 14. Pneumatic features on selected cranial bones of Tyrannosaurus rex (CM 9380). Right lacrimal in lateral view (A), left squamosal in ventral view (B), and left surangular in lateral view (C). Scale bars = 3 cm. Arrows denote external pneumatic features (foramina and fenestrae).
FIG. 6. A. IGM 100 in A new specimen of the ornithischian dinosaur Haya griva, cross-Gobi geologic correlation, and the age of the Zos Canyon beds
FIG. 6. A. IGM 100/3181.Two carpals in unknown orientation. B. Metacarpal I and manual phalanx I-1 in dorsal view. C. Metacarpal II or III and manual phalanx in dorsal view. D. Manual phalanx in dorsal view. E. Three ungual phalanges in partial dorsal view.
Data for: Africa's oldest dinosaurs reveal early suppression of dinosaur distribution
<p>The vertebrate lineages that would shape Mesozoic and Cenozoic terrestrial ecosystems originated across Triassic Pangaea. By the Late Triassic (Carnian Stage, ~235 Ma), cosmopolitan 'disaster faunas' had given way to highly endemic assemblages on the supercontinent. Testing the tempo and mode of the establishment of this endemism is challenging—there were few geographic barriers to dispersal across Pangaea during the Late Triassic. Instead, palaeolatitudinal climate belts, and not continental boundaries, are hypothesized to have controlled distribution. During this time of high endemism, dinosaurs began to disperse and thus offer an opportunity to test the timing and drivers of this biogeographic pattern. Increased sampling can test this prediction: if dinosaurs initially dispersed under palaeolatitudinal-driven endemism, then an assemblage similar to those of South America and India—including the earliest dinosaurs—should be present in Carnian deposits in south-central Africa. Here, we report a new Carnian assemblage from Zimbabwe which includes Africa's oldest definitive dinosaurs, including a nearly complete skeleton of the sauropodomorph <em>Mbiresaurus raathi</em>, gen. et sp. nov. This assemblage resembles those of other dinosaur-bearing Carnian assemblages, suggesting that a similar vertebrate fauna ranged high-latitude austral Pangaea. The distribution of the first dinosaurs is correlated with palaeolatitude-linked climatic barriers, and dinosaurian dispersal to the rest of the supercontinent was delayed until these barriers relaxed, suggesting that climatic controls influenced the initial composition of the terrestrial faunas that persist to this day.</p>
Oblique profile of a Tyrannosaurus torosus head. Note the good degree of binocular vision, and the bulgingjaw-closing muscles on what is in effect a little frill at the back-top of the head. in Predatory Dinosaurs of the World
Oblique profile of a Tyrannosaurus torosus head. Note the good degree of binocular vision, and the bulgingjaw-closing muscles on what is in effect a little frill at the back-top of the head.
Figure 1 in Intestinal preservation in a birdlike dinosaur supports conservatism in digestive canal evolution among theropods
Figure 1. Daurlong wangi holotype. (a), whole specimen. (b), skull. (c), detail of orbit region. (d), feather remains associated to the thoracic vertebrae. (e), anuran skeleton. Scale bars: 20 mm (b), 10 mm (c).
Figure 3 in Intestinal preservation in a birdlike dinosaur supports conservatism in digestive canal evolution among theropods
Figure 3. Diagnosis of Daurlong wangi. Specimen IMMNH-PV00731. Skull (a, b), lef scapula (c), sternum and lef hand (d, e), right forelimb (f). Reconstruction in (g) by M. Auditore (CC-BY 4.0). Combination of features diagnostic for D. wangi: 1, slender subnarial ramus of premaxilla extended caudally well beyond the external naris; 2, large, trapezoid promaxillary recess placed at the rostroventral corner of antorbital fossa; 3, maxillary fossa large, shallow and caudodorsally located, so that the pila promaxillaris is wider than the pila interfenestralis; 4, stepped subcutaneous surface of the ventral ramus of maxilla; 5, absence of pitted ventral ramus of the antorbital fossa; 6, robust fang-like maxillary teeth with straight to slightly convex distal crown margins; 7, distal end of first sternal rib fan-shaped. 8, bowed scapula; 9. radius and ulna more robust than any manual element; 10. wide overlap of the semilunate carpal over metacarpal II. In D, gray area indicates sternum, black areas indicate lef hand elements. Abbreviations: af, antorbital fossa; de, dentary; ju, jugal; la, lacrimal; ma, maxilla; na, nasal; pm, premaxilla; su, surangular. Scale bar in G = 10 cm.
Figure 2 in Intestinal preservation in a birdlike dinosaur supports conservatism in digestive canal evolution among theropods
Figure 2. Selected elements of Daurlong wangi holotype. (a), neck and pectoral region. (b), thoraco-sacral series. (c), ventral part of the belly region. (d), tail. Abbreviations: ca, caudotheca; cc, caudal centrum; co, coracoid; cv, cervical vertebrae; dr, dorsal rib; dv, dorsal vertebrae; f, feathers; fe, femur; ga, gastralia; I-/II-/III-, phalanges; il, ilium; is, ischium; mc, metacarpal; pu, pubis; sc, scapula; st, sternum, sr1, sternal rib1, sv, sacral vertebrae. Scale bars in (a-c) = 20 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.