Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

Data from: Separate and combined effects of boat noise and a live crab predator on mussel valve gape behaviour

Data abstract: Data on the valve gape of mussels and the behaviour of stimulus crabs during sound exposure trials. We provide the raw valve gape data, processed data, and scripts to process the raw data, make plots, and run the statistics. Paper abstract: Noisy human activities at sea are changing the acoustic environment, which has been shown to affect marine mammals and fishes. Invertebrates, such as bivalves, have so far received limited attention despite their important role in the marine ecosystem. Several studies have examined the impact of sound on anti-predator behaviour using simulated predators, but studies using live predators are scarce. In the current study, we examined the separate and combined effects of boat sound playback and predator cues from shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) on the behaviour of mussels (Mytilus spp.). We examined the behaviour of the mussels using a valve gape monitor and scored the behaviour from the crabs in one of two types of predator test conditions from video footage to control for effects from potential, sound-induced variation in crab behaviour. We found that mussels closed their valve gape during boat noise and with a crab in their tank, but also that the stimulus combination did not add up to an even smaller valve gape. The sound treatment did not affect the stimulus crabs, but the behaviour of the crabs did affect the valve gape of the mussels. Future research is needed to examine whether these results stand in situ and whether valve closure due to sound have fitness consequences for mussels. The effects on the well-being of individual mussels from anthropogenic noise may be relevant for population dynamics in the context of pressure from other stressors, their role as ecosystem engineers, and in the context of aquaculture.

openother-openFeb 2023View details →

Smart City Tracker: A living archive of smart city prevalence

An interactive platform where users can track and explore local governments' smart city implementation in the United States.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2020View details →

Hyperpolarized [15N]nitrate as a potential long lived hyperpolarized contrast agent for MRI

Primary data for DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2019.01.001">10.1016/j.jmr.2019.01.001</a> Title: Hyperpolarized [15N]nitrate as a potential long lived hyperpolarized contrast agent for MRI Authors: Ayelet Gamliel, Sivaranjan Uppala, Gal Sapir, Talia Harris, Atara Nardi-Schreiber, David Shaul, Jacob Sosna, J. Moshe Gomori, Rachel Katz-Brull Description: The primary datasets in this archive contain data presented in the above publication and consist of 15N-NMR spectra in solutions. Please consult the Archive Guide.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Pretrained models and test examples of live cell anatomy segmentation

Pretrained models of live cell anatomy segmentation and test examples of the segmentation of 15 structures

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Dataframes for: Postpartum cessation of urban space use by a female baboon living at the edge of the City of Cape Town

Species with slow life history strategies that invest in few offspring with extended parental care need to adapt their behaviour to cope with anthropogenic changes that occur within their lifetime. Here we show that a female chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) who commonly ranges within urban space in the City of Cape Town, South Africa, stops using urban space after giving birth. This change of space use occurs without any significant change in daily distance travelled or social interactions that would be expected with general risk-sensitive behaviour after birth. Instead, we suggest this change occurs because of the specific and greater risks the baboons experience within the urban space compared to natural space, and because leaving the troop (to enter urban space) may increase infanticide risk. This case study can inform methods used to manage the baboon's urban space use in Cape Town and provides insight into how life history events alter individuals' use of anthropogenic environments.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Data for: Ocean acidification has a strong effect on communities living on plastic in mesocosms

We conducted a mesocosm experiment to examine how ocean acidification (OA) affects communities of prokaryotes and eukaryotes growing on single-use drinking bottles in subtropical eutrophic waters of the East China Sea. Based on 16S rDNA gene sequencing, simulated high CO2 significantly altered the prokaryotic community, with the relative abundance of the phylum Planctomycetota increasing by 49 % under high CO2. Under high CO2, prokaryotes in plastisphere significantly enhanced nitrogen dissimilation and ureolysis, raising the possibility that elevated CO2 may modify nutrient cycling in subtropical eutrophic waters. The relative abundance of pathogenic and animal parasite bacteria also increased under simulated high CO2. Our results show that simulated high CO2 significantly affected some secondary producers based on 18S rDNA gene sequencing. For example, Mayorella amoebae were highly resistant to OA whereas labyrinthulids were sensitive to high CO2. This shows that OA may alter plastisphere food chains in subtropical eutrophic waters.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Data from: Compensatory growth is accompanied by changes in insulin-like growth factor-1 but not markers of cellular aging in a long-lived seabird

Developing organisms often plastically modify growth in response to environmental circumstances, which may be adaptive, but is expected to entail long-term costs. However, the mechanisms that mediate these growth adjustments and any associated costs are less well understood. In vertebrates, one mechanism that may be important in this context is the highly conserved signaling factor insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which is often positively related to post-natal growth and negatively related to longevity. To test this idea, we exposed captive Franklin's gulls (Leucophaeus pipixcan) to a physiologically relevant nutritional stressor by restricting food availability during post-natal development and examined the effects on growth, IGF-1, and two potential biomarkers of cellular and organismal aging (oxidative stress, and telomeres). During food restriction, experimental chicks gained body mass more slowly and had lower IGF-1 levels than controls. Following the food restriction, experimental chicks underwent compensatory growth, which was accompanied by an increase in IGF-1 levels. Interestingly however, there were no significant effects of the experimental treatment or of variation in IGF-1 levels on oxidative stress or telomeres. These findings suggest that IGF-1 is responsive to changes in resource availability but is not associated with increased markers of cellular aging during development in this relatively long-lived species.

opencc-by-4.0May 2010View details →

Fig. 2 in Madagascar's living giants: discovery of five new species of endemic giant pill-millipedes from Madagascar (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Arthrosphaeridae: Zoosphaerium)

Fig. 2. Distribution map of new Zoosphaerium species.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

DATABASE OF THE SYSTEMATIC MAPPING OF SOCIAL SUPPORT ANS STIGMA IN POPULATION LIVING WITH HIV

DATABASE OF THE SYSTEMATIC MAPPING OF SOCIAL SUPPORT ANS STIGMA IN POPULATION LIVING WITH HIV. IT WAS USED THE PRISMA (2020) METHODOLOGY.

Human STING is a proton channel (Live-cell MGAT Super-Resolution Experiment)

hTERT-immortalized BJ1 cells (ATCC CRL-2522) expressing SEP-mRuby3 targeted to cis/medial Golgi (MGAT) were transduced with pXPR023 (lentiCRISPRv2) expressing an sgRNA targeting STING and selected with 0.1 µg/mL puromycin for 5 days. Cells were then transduced with blasticidin-STING-miRFP680 and selected using 10 µg/mL blasticidin HCl for 5 days. Cells were plated in 96-well glass-bottom plates (Greiner Bio-One) at 6,000 cells/well. After 48 hours, cells were incubated in Fluorobrite DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. #A1896701) medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% Pen-strep, and 1x GlutaMAX (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. #35050061) and stimulated with 1 µM diABZI (Invivogen, #tlrl-diabzi). All images were acquired using an LSM980 with Airyscan2 (Zeiss) with 37°C with 5% CO2 incubation. 8 z-stacks were acquired with 0.15 µm z-step.  Images were acquired using a 63X 1.40 NA DIC M27 objective with Immersol 518F 37°C oil. Acquired images were Airyscan processed and then analyzed as described in the image analysis section. Each frame represens one timepoint imaged every 5 minutes post diABZI treatment. Channels are: SEP (super-ecliptic pHluorin), mRuby3, and STING-miRFP680.

Human STING is a proton channel (Live-cell GALT pH Measurement upon STING agonist treatment with or without C53)

hTERT-immortalized BJ1 cells (ATCC CRL-2522) were transduced with lentiviral ratiometric reporters targeted to GALT constructed based on designs reported in Linders et al. ACS Chem. Biol. 2022, with superecliptic pHluorin and mRuby3. Transduced cells were sorted based on mRuby3 expression using a Sony MA900 sorter. BJ1 SEP-mRuby3 cells were plated in 24-well glass-bottom plates (Greiner Bio-One) at 40,000 cells/well. After 48 hours, cells were stained for 45 minutes at 37°C with 0.5 µg/ml Hoechst 34580 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. #H21486). Cells were then washed  and incubated in Fluorobrite DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. #A1896701) medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% Pen-strep, and 1x GlutaMAX (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. #35050061). For time-course experiments, cells were stimulated with 1 µM Bafilomycin A1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology cat. #sc-201550), 1 µM diABZI (Invivogen, #tlrl-diabzi),  20  µg/mL cGAMP (Invivogen, #tlrl-nacga23-1) with 5 ng/µL digitonin (Promega, #G9441) for 1 hr with or without the addition of 10 µM C53 (Cayman, #37354). All images were acquired using a Ti2-E inverted epifluorescence microscope (Nikon) with automated XYZ stage control, hardware autofocus, and a Yokogawa CSU-W1 confocal spinning disk unit with Zyla 4.2 PLUS sCMOS camera. An Okolab cage incubator was set to  37°C with 5% CO2. 405, 488, 561, and 640 nm laser lines were used for fluorescence illumination and all hardware was controlled using NIS elements software. Images were acquired using a 40X 0.95 NA CFI Plan Apo λ objective (Nikon MRD70470) with the following lasers and filters: Hoechst (405 nm laser, Chroma Multi LED set #89401), superecliptic pHluorin (488 nm laser, Chroma Multi LED set #89401), and mRuby3  (561 nm laser, Chroma Multi LED set #89401), assaying three z planes per field of view with 1.25 µm spacing. Fields of view were selected using NIS Elements software coordinates without manual preselection. Images are maximum projections of multiple z-stacks with each frame representing one timepoint: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 minutes post treatment. Channels are: Hoechst 34580, SEP (super-ecliptic pHluorin), mRuby3, and SEP/mRuby3 (ratio). Crops indicate cropped fields of view presented in the manuscript.

Human STING is a proton channel (Live-cell MGAT pH Measurement upon STING agonist treatment with or without C53)

hTERT-immortalized BJ1 cells (ATCC CRL-2522) were transduced with lentiviral ratiometric reporters targeted to MGAT constructed based on designs reported in Linders et al. ACS Chem. Biol. 2022, with superecliptic pHluorin and mRuby3. Transduced cells were sorted based on mRuby3 expression using a Sony MA900 sorter. BJ1 SEP-mRuby3 cells were plated in 24-well glass-bottom plates (Greiner Bio-One) at 40,000 cells/well. After 48 hours, cells were stained for 45 minutes at 37°C with 0.5 µg/ml Hoechst 34580 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. #H21486). Cells were then washed  and incubated in Fluorobrite DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. #A1896701) medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% Pen-strep, and 1x GlutaMAX (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. #35050061). For time-course experiments, cells were stimulated with 1 µM Bafilomycin A1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology cat. #sc-201550), 1 µM diABZI (Invivogen, #tlrl-diabzi),  20  µg/mL cGAMP (Invivogen, #tlrl-nacga23-1) with 5 ng/µL digitonin (Promega, #G9441) for 1 hr with or without the addition of 10 µM C53 (Cayman, #37354). All images were acquired using a Ti2-E inverted epifluorescence microscope (Nikon) with automated XYZ stage control, hardware autofocus, and a Yokogawa CSU-W1 confocal spinning disk unit with Zyla 4.2 PLUS sCMOS camera. An Okolab cage incubator was set to  37°C with 5% CO2. 405, 488, 561, and 640 nm laser lines were used for fluorescence illumination and all hardware was controlled using NIS elements software. Images were acquired using a 40X 0.95 NA CFI Plan Apo λ objective (Nikon MRD70470) with the following lasers and filters: Hoechst (405 nm laser, Chroma Multi LED set #89401), superecliptic pHluorin (488 nm laser, Chroma Multi LED set #89401), and mRuby3  (561 nm laser, Chroma Multi LED set #89401), assaying three z planes per field of view with 1.25 µm spacing. Fields of view were selected using NIS Elements software coordinates without manual preselection. Images are maximum projections of multiple z-stacks with each frame representing one timepoint: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 minutes post treatment. Channels are: Hoechst 34580, SEP (super-ecliptic pHluorin), mRuby3, and SEP/mRuby3 (ratio). Crops indicate cropped fields of view presented in the manuscript.

Human STING is a proton channel (Live-cell MGAT STING WT or S53L pH Measurement upon STING agonist treatment with or without C53)

hTERT-immortalized BJ1 cells (ATCC CRL-2522) were transduced with lentiviral ratiometric reporters targeted to MGAT constructed based on designs reported in Linders et al. ACS Chem. Biol. 2022, with superecliptic pHluorin and mRuby3. Transduced cells were sorted based on mRuby3 expression using a Sony MA900 sorter. Cells then were transduced with pXPR023 (lentiCRISPRv2) expressing an sgRNA targeting STING and selected with 0.1 µg/mL puromycin for 5 days. Finally, cells were transduced with blasticidin-STING-HA (WT or S53L) and selected using 10 µg/mL blasticidin HCl for 5 days. BJ1 SEP-mRuby3 STING-HA (WT or S53L) cells were plated in 24-well glass-bottom plates (Greiner Bio-One) at 40,000 cells/well. After 48 hours, cells were stained for 45 minutes at 37°C with 0.5 µg/ml Hoechst 34580 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. #H21486). Cells were then washed  and incubated in Fluorobrite DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. #A1896701) medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% Pen-strep, and 1x GlutaMAX (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. #35050061). For time-course experiments, cells were stimulated with 1 µM diABZI (Invivogen, #tlrl-diabzi) for 1 hr with or without the addition of 10 µM C53 (Cayman, #37354). All images were acquired using a Ti2-E inverted epifluorescence microscope (Nikon) with automated XYZ stage control, hardware autofocus, and a Yokogawa CSU-W1 confocal spinning disk unit with Zyla 4.2 PLUS sCMOS camera. An Okolab cage incubator was set to  37°C with 5% CO2. 405, 488, 561, and 640 nm laser lines were used for fluorescence illumination and all hardware was controlled using NIS elements software. Images were acquired using a 40X 0.95 NA CFI Plan Apo λ objective (Nikon MRD70470) with the following lasers and filters: Hoechst (405 nm laser, Chroma Multi LED set #89401), superecliptic pHluorin (488 nm laser, Chroma Multi LED set #89401), and mRuby3  (561 nm laser, Chroma Multi LED set #89401), assaying three z planes per field of view with 1.25 µm spacing. Fields of view were selected using NIS Elements software coordinates without manual preselection. Images are maximum projections of multiple z-stacks with each frame representing one timepoint: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 minutes post treatment. Channels are: Hoechst 34580, SEP (super-ecliptic pHluorin), mRuby3, and SEP/mRuby3 (ratio). Crops indicate cropped fields of view presented in the manuscript.

Human STING is a proton channel (Live-cell pH Calibration Meaurements)

hTERT-immortalized BJ1 cells (ATCC CRL-2522) were transduced with lentiviral ratiometric reporters targeted to GALT constructed based on designs reported in Linders et al. ACS Chem. Biol. 2022, with superecliptic pHluorin and mRuby3. Transduced cells were sorted based on mRuby3 expression using a Sony MA900 sorter. BJ1 SEP-mRuby3 cells were plated in 24-well glass-bottom plates (Greiner Bio-One) at 40,000 cells/well. After 48 hours, cells were stained for 45 minutes at 37°C with 0.5 µg/ml Hoechst 34580 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. #H21486). Cells were then washed  and incubated in Fluorobrite DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. #A1896701) medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% Pen-strep, and 1x GlutaMAX (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. #35050061). For pH calibration experiments, cells were treated with buffers at defined pH values supplemented with nigericin and valinomycin following manufacturer’s instructions (Thermo Fisher Scientific cat. # P35379). Additional buffers at pH 7, 6, and 5 were created by titration with acid. All images were acquired using a Ti2-E inverted epifluorescence microscope (Nikon) with automated XYZ stage control, hardware autofocus, and a Yokogawa CSU-W1 confocal spinning disk unit with Zyla 4.2 PLUS sCMOS camera. An Okolab cage incubator was set to  37°C with 5% CO2. 405, 488, 561, and 640 nm laser lines were used for fluorescence illumination and all hardware was controlled using NIS elements software. Images were acquired using a 40X 0.95 NA CFI Plan Apo λ objective (Nikon MRD70470) with the following lasers and filters: Hoechst (405 nm laser, Chroma Multi LED set #89401), superecliptic pHluorin (488 nm laser, Chroma Multi LED set #89401), and mRuby3  (561 nm laser, Chroma Multi LED set #89401), assaying three z planes per field of view with 1.25 µm spacing. Fields of view were selected using NIS Elements software coordinates without manual preselection. Images are maximum projections of multiple z-stacks with each frame representing one pH value: 7.5, 7, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, and 4.5 (except for replicate 1, which omitted pH 7). Channels are: Hoechst 34580, SEP (super-ecliptic GFP), mRuby3, and SEP/mRuby3 (ratio). Crops indicate cropped fields of view presented in the manuscript.

Human STING is a proton channel (Live-cell MGAT, GALT, and LAMP1 pH Measurements Upon BafA1 and diABZI treatment)

hTERT-immortalized BJ1 cells (ATCC CRL-2522) were transduced with lentiviral ratiometric reporters targeted to MGAT, GALT, or LAMP1 constructed based on designs reported in Linders et al. ACS Chem. Biol. 2022, with superecliptic pHluorin and mRuby3. Transduced cells were sorted based on mRuby3 expression using a Sony MA900 sorter. BJ1 SEP-mRuby3 cells were plated in 24-well glass-bottom plates (Greiner Bio-One) at 40,000 cells/well. After 48 hours, cells were stained for 45 minutes at 37°C with 0.5 µg/ml Hoechst 34580 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. #H21486). Cells were then washed  and incubated in Fluorobrite DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. #A1896701) medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% Pen-strep, and 1x GlutaMAX (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. #35050061). For time-course experiments, cells were stimulated with 1 µM Bafilomycin A1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology cat. #sc-201550),  or 1 µM diABZI (Invivogen, #tlrl-diabzi). All images were acquired using a Ti2-E inverted epifluorescence microscope (Nikon) with automated XYZ stage control, hardware autofocus, and a Yokogawa CSU-W1 confocal spinning disk unit with Zyla 4.2 PLUS sCMOS camera. An Okolab cage incubator was set to  37°C with 5% CO2. 405, 488, 561, and 640 nm laser lines were used for fluorescence illumination and all hardware was controlled using NIS elements software. Images were acquired using a 40X 0.95 NA CFI Plan Apo λ objective (Nikon MRD70470) with the following lasers and filters: Hoechst (405 nm laser, Chroma Multi LED set #89401), superecliptic pHluorin (488 nm laser, Chroma Multi LED set #89401), and mRuby3  (561 nm laser, Chroma Multi LED set #89401), assaying three z planes per field of view with 1.25 µm spacing. Fields of view were selected using NIS Elements software coordinates without manual preselection. Images are maximum projections of multiple z-stacks with each frame representing one timepoint: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 minutes post treatment (except for replicate 1, which omitted the final timepoint). Channels are: Hoechst 34580, SEP (super-ecliptic pHluorin), mRuby3, and SEP/mRuby3 (ratio). Crops indicate cropped fields of view presented in the manuscript.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Raw data from: Environmental variation structures reproduction and recruitment in long-lived mega-herbivores: Galapagos Giant Tortoises

Understanding drivers of vital rates is important for testing life history theory, predicting population dynamics, and guiding conservation. Migratory, long-lived animals are important to life history theory because they present an extreme among trade-offs in vital rates: delayed maturity, low fecundity, variable recruitment rates, and long generation times. Understanding how vital rates respond to environmental variation has been elusive for such species because of difficulties in studying wide-ranging animals over extended periods. Populations that live on elevation gradients can provide tractable study systems because considerable environmental change occurs over small geographic distances. Galapagos tortoises are an iconic example; they are long-lived, migrate seasonally, face multiple anthropogenic threats, and have cryptic early life history stages for which vital rates are unknown. From 2012–2021, we studied the reproductive ecology of two species of Galapagos tortoises along elevation gradients that coincided with substantial change in climate and vegetation productivity. Specifically, we 1) measured physical and reproductive condition of adult females, 2) tracked the movements of 33 adult females using GPS telemetry, and re-located them seasonally to measure condition, 3) recorded nest temperatures, clutch characteristics, and egg survival from 107 nests, and 4) used radio telemetry to re-locate 104 hatchlings to monitor growth, survival, and movements. We also monitored temperature, rainfall, and primary productivity from field and remotely sensed data along the elevation gradient. Adult females were either elevational migrants or year-round lowland residents. Migrants had higher body condition than residents, and body condition was positively correlated with fecundity. Nests occurred in the hottest, driest part of the tortoise's range, between 6–165m elevation. Clutch size increased with elevation, egg survival declined, and hatchling survival and growth were highest at intermediate elevations. Hatchlings dispersed rapidly between 100–750 m from their nests before becoming sedentary in ranges <0.05 ha. Environmental variability mediated by elevation influenced adult fecundity and juvenile recruitment. Predicted future climates will profoundly impact the relationships between elevation and vital rates of Galapagos tortoises and other species living on elevation gradients. Resilience will be maximized by ensuring connectivity of foraging and reproductive areas within current and possible future elevational ranges of these species.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Sensed Data of Indoor Monitoring Framework in Aedes Architecture Forum Exhibition called Living Prototypes

The presented Dataset is part of an ongoing EU-funded project called Eco-Metabolistic Architecture at the Royal Danish Academy -  CITA in Copenhagen, Denmark. The collected data is part of Indoor Monitoring Framework sensed data (temperature and humidity) stored in InfluxDB in CSV format for Living Prototype Exhibition at Aedes Forum in Berlin for a period of 35 days. The dataset can be used in InfluxDB and Grafana for visualization.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Timelapse of Indoor Monitoring of 3D printed Panels installed in Living Prototypes Exhibition in Aedes Forum, Berlin

The presented timelapse is part of an ongoing EU-funded project called Eco-Metabolistic Architecture at the Royal Danish Academy -  CITA in Copenhagen, Denmark. The timelapse is part of Indoor Monitoring Framework developed for Living Prototype Exhibition at Aedes Forum in Berlin.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Data from: Immune challenge reduces daily activity period in free-living birds for three weeks

Non-lethal infections are common in free-living animals and the associated sickness behaviours can impact crucial life-history trade-offs. However, little is known about the duration and extent of such sickness behaviours in free-living animals, and consequently how this affects life-history decisions. Here, free-living Eurasian blackbirds Turdus merula were immune-challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic a bacterial infection, and their behaviour was monitored for up to 48 days using accelerometers. As expected, immune-challenged birds were less active than controls within the first 24 hours. Unexpectedly, this reduced activity remained detectable for 20 days, before both groups returned to similar activity levels. Furthermore, activity was positively correlated with a pre-experimental index of complement activity, but only in immune-challenged birds, suggesting that sickness behaviors are modulated by constitutive immune function. Differences in daily activity levels stemmed from immune-challenged birds resting earlier at dusk than control birds, while activity levels between groups were similar during core daytime hours. Overall, activity was reduced by 19% in immune-challenged birds and they were on average almost 1 hour less active per day for 20 days. This unexpected longevity in sickness behaviour may have severe implications during energy-intense annual-cycle stages (e.g., breeding, migration, winter). Thus, our data help to understand the consequences of non-lethal infections on free-living animals.