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1,288 results for “threatened”
Field survey quadrat data - Exotic perennial grass invasion profiles differ between temperate threatened grassy communities
<p><b>Aim</b>: Exotic perennial grasses are significant invaders of native grassy communities and frequently multiple species invade communities, some from nearby agricultural areas. There is little understanding of the landscape distribution of many species, making prioritisation for control a difficult decision.</p> <p><b>Location</b>: New South Wales, Eastern Australia</p> <p><b>Methods</b>: We undertook field surveys of exotic perennial grasses at 139 sites from nine grassy threatened ecological communities across four regions and assessed whether the profiles of exotic species varied amongst regions and communities. We used a ranking of invasion risk based on plant characteristics to identify exotic perennial grasses that were likely to be the most invasive and then tested whether this ranking predicted the level of invasion measured in the survey.</p> <p><b>Results</b>: Using multivariate analysis we found that the threatened grassy communities surveyed were significantly invaded by exotic perennial grasses and that these assemblages were regionally distinct and distinct for most plant communities. Five widespread invaders were particularly established in all regions and communities, but regions also had distinct sets of invaders contributing significantly to degradation. Invasion by trade-off species was the most significant threat to grassy communities in all regions. We showed that species with higher risk rankings based on plant characteristics were recorded in more sites but there were a few grasses that were more invasive than their ranking predicted.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions</b>: Our findings indicate that management of grassy plant communities for exotic perennial grasses should be undertaken at the community level although there are a suite of species that are important invaders in the whole landscape where improved understanding of pathways of invasion are needed for management across regions. We identified a set of species which are important invaders but are not a focus in management currently, largely because many of these are species used in pastures. Our study illustrates that higher levels of invasion were associated with species that were ranked more invasive on plant characteristics and this ranking could be used to initially allocate priorities for management of threatened plant communities. Trade-off species remain the major cause of degradation and must be included in discussions of regional conservation.</p>
Data from: Global change impacts on arid zone ecosystems: Seedling establishment processes are threatened by temperature and water stress
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Recruitment for many arid-zone plant species is expected to be impacted by the projected increase in soil temperature and prolonged droughts associated with global climate change. As seed dormancy is considered a strategy to avoid unfavourable conditions, understanding the mechanisms underpinning vulnerability to these factors is critical for plant recruitment in intact communities, as well as for restoration efforts in arid ecosystems. This study determined the effects of temperature and water stress on recruitment processes in six grass species in the genus <i>Triodia </i>R.Br. from the Australian arid zone. Experiments in controlled environments were conducted on dormant and less-dormant seeds at constant temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 40°C, under well-watered (Psi<sub>soil</sub> = -0.15 MPa) and water-limited (Psi<sub>soil</sub> = -0.35 MPa) conditions. Success at three key recruitment stages – seed germination, emergence and survival– and final seed viability of un-germinated seeds was assessed.<i> </i>For all species, less dormant seeds germinated to higher proportions under all conditions, however, subsequent seedling emergence and survival was higher in the more dormant seed treatment. An increase in temperature (35–40°C) under water-limited conditions caused 95–100% recruitment failure, regardless of the dormancy state. Ungerminated seeds maintained viability in dry soil, however, when exposed to warm (30-40°C) and well-watered conditions, loss of viability was greater from the less dormant seeds across all species. This work demonstrates that the transition from seed to established seedling is highly vulnerable to microclimatic constraints, and represents a critical filter for plant recruitment in the arid-zone. As we demonstrated temperature and water stress-driven mortality between seeds and established seedlings, understanding how these factors influence recruitment in other arid-zone species should be a high priority consideration for management actions to mitigate the impacts of global change on ecosystem resilience. The knowledge gained from these outcomes must be actively incorporated into restoration initiatives.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Fig. 1 in Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Fig. 1. Geographical distribution of Hornschuchia alba (A.St.-Hil.) R.E.Fr. and H. bryotrophe Nees. Abbreviations: BA = Bahia; ES = Espírito Santo; MG = Minas Gerais; PE = Pernambuco; RJ = Rio de Janeiro.
Supplementary material 2 from: Martino G, Chiocchio A, Siclari A, Canestrelli D (2022) Distribution and conservation status of threatened endemic amphibians within the Aspromonte mountain region, a hotspot of Mediterranean biodiversity. Nature Conservation 50: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.50.86002
Tables S1–S10
Supplementary material 1 from: Martino G, Chiocchio A, Siclari A, Canestrelli D (2022) Distribution and conservation status of threatened endemic amphibians within the Aspromonte mountain region, a hotspot of Mediterranean biodiversity. Nature Conservation 50: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.50.86002
Table S1
Supplementary material 1 from: Neuenschwander P, Adomou AC (2017) Reconstituting a rainforest patch in southern Benin for the protection of threatened plants. Nature Conservation 21: 57-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.21.13906
Table A. Comprehensive list of all plant species of Drabo Gbo, Benin. : Data type: species data
Figure 5 from: Whelan NV, Johnson PD, Garner JT, Strong EE (2017) On the identity of Leptoxis taeniata – a misapplied name for the threatened Painted Rocksnail (Cerithioidea, Pleuroceridae). ZooKeys 697: 21-36. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.697.14060
Figure 5 - Type and topotypic material of L. picta and its synonym L. taeniata. A, B USNM 12074, Anculosa picta Conrad, 1834 (possible syntypes) C MCZ 294989, Anculosa picta Conrad, 1834 (possible syntype) D NHMUK uncatalogued, Anculosa taeniata Conrad, 1834 (possible paralectotype) E MCZ 294987, Anculosa taeniata Conrad, 1834 (paralectotype) F ANSP 27620, Anculosa taeniata Conrad, 1834 (lectotype) G–I ANSP 413583, Anculosa taeniata Conrad, 1834 (paralectotypes) J, K ANSP 187076, "Leptoxis taeniata", collected by J.H. McLellan, unknown year (topotypic). L–O ANSP 65451, "Leptoxis taeniata", collected by C.W. Johnson, 1894 (topotypic). Scale bar: 5mm.
Figure 4 from: Whelan NV, Johnson PD, Garner JT, Strong EE (2017) On the identity of Leptoxis taeniata – a misapplied name for the threatened Painted Rocksnail (Cerithioidea, Pleuroceridae). ZooKeys 697: 21-36. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.697.14060
Figure 4 - Photographs of live animals. A Painted Rocksnail (L. coosaensis) B Spotted Rocksnail (L. picta)
Figure 2 from: Whelan NV, Johnson PD, Garner JT, Strong EE (2017) On the identity of Leptoxis taeniata – a misapplied name for the threatened Painted Rocksnail (Cerithioidea, Pleuroceridae). ZooKeys 697: 21-36. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.697.14060
Figure 2 - Growth series. A–F Adult (A–C) and juvenile (D–F) shells of the Painted Rocksnail, Leptoxis coosaensis. All individuals grown in captivity. G–L Adult (G–I) and juvenile (J–L) shells of the Spotted Rocksnail, Leptoxis picta. Juveniles grown in captivity. Scale bar: 4 mm.
Figure 1 from: Whelan NV, Johnson PD, Garner JT, Strong EE (2017) On the identity of Leptoxis taeniata – a misapplied name for the threatened Painted Rocksnail (Cerithioidea, Pleuroceridae). ZooKeys 697: 21-36. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.697.14060
Figure 1 - Map showing historical range of the Painted Rocksnail, L. coosaensis, and the Spotted Rocksnail, L. picta.
Figure 3 from: Whelan NV, Johnson PD, Garner JT, Strong EE (2017) On the identity of Leptoxis taeniata – a misapplied name for the threatened Painted Rocksnail (Cerithioidea, Pleuroceridae). ZooKeys 697: 21-36. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.697.14060
Figure 3 - Type material of L. coosaensis and its synonyms and other specimens showing conchological variation seen in L. coosaensis. A USNM 121295, Anculosa coosaensis Lea, 1861 (lectotype) B UMMZ 101139, Anculosa aldrichi Goodrich, 1922 (holotype) C UMMZ 10144, Anculosa brevispira Goodrich, 1922 (holotype) D UMMZ 10145, Anculosa choccoloccoensis, Goodrich, 1922 (holotype) E USNM 1456804, Anculosa coosaensis Lea, 1861 (paralectotype) F–I USNM 121294 Anculosa coosaensis Lea, 1861 (paralectotypes) J USNM 121296 Anculosa coosaensis Lea, 1861 (paralectotype) K, L USNM 504866 "Leptoxis taeniata". N–P USNM 336408 "Leptoxis taeniata". Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 3 from: Nualart N, Ibáñez N, Luque P, Pedrol J, Vilar L, Guàrdia R (2017) Dataset of herbarium specimens of threatened vascular plants in Catalonia. PhytoKeys 77: 41-62. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.77.11542
Figure 3 - Families with 18 or more specimens (number of the taxa in the upper axis and number of specimens in the lower axis).
Figure 6 from: Nualart N, Ibáñez N, Luque P, Pedrol J, Vilar L, Guàrdia R (2017) Dataset of herbarium specimens of threatened vascular plants in Catalonia. PhytoKeys 77: 41-62. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.77.11542
Figure 6 - Comparative map of the number of taxa of the dataset and that according to Sáez et al. (2010: 733). Gray color indicates that all the taxa cited in this book have a specimen in the herbaria studied; yellow-red color indicates that the dataset doesn't include all the taxa published in this book and green color indicates that there are more taxa in the dataset that those published in this book.
Figure 2 from: Murase A, Inui R, Miki R, Miyazaki Y (2017) Revising the distribution of a threatened goby, Apocryptodon punctatus (Perciformes, Oxudercidae), in Japan with the discovery of an isolated population. ZooKeys 645: 71-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.645.10755
Figure 2 - Distribution map of Apocryptodon punctatus in Japanese waters. Solid star indicates the present record from Kushima City, Miyazaki Prefecture, Kyushu; solid circles, records with voucher specimens deposited in a museum; gray circle, records with additional museum specimens in the present study; open circles, records with uncatalogued specimens; solid triangle, photo record; open triangles, literature records without a voucher.
Figure 1 from: Murase A, Inui R, Miki R, Miyazaki Y (2017) Revising the distribution of a threatened goby, Apocryptodon punctatus (Perciformes, Oxudercidae), in Japan with the discovery of an isolated population. ZooKeys 645: 71-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.645.10755
Figure 1 - Lateral view of a fresh specimen of Apocryptodon punctatus, KPM-NI 40559, 35.6 mm SL, collected from a mudflat estuary of Kushima City, Miyazaki Prefecture, Kyushu, Southern Japan. Top, photo number KPM-NR 166540B; bottom, photo number KPM-NR 166540A.
Figure 6 from: de Lange PJ, Smissen RD, Rolfe JR, Ogle CC (2016) Systematics of Simplicia Kirk (Poaceae, Agrostidinae) – an endemic, threatened New Zealand grass genus. PhytoKeys 75: 119-144. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.75.10328
Figure 6 - Simplicia laxa. A habitat, Emerald Stream, McCraes, North Otago, South Island, New Zealand (image D.A. Houston) B growth habit and inflorescence C culm, leaf base, sheath and ligule D spikelet showing reduced glumes and lemma. (Photo credit images C and D: K. Ford, Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua)
Figure 2 from: de Lange PJ, Smissen RD, Rolfe JR, Ogle CC (2016) Systematics of Simplicia Kirk (Poaceae, Agrostidinae) – an endemic, threatened New Zealand grass genus. PhytoKeys 75: 119-144. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.75.10328
Figure 2 - Selected most parsimonious tree for nrDNA sequence data. Numbers above branches are bootstrap percentages. Diagonal lines indicate that the branches leading to the outgroup Nicoraepoa and Catabrosia sequences are not shown to scale.
Figure 5 from: de Lange PJ, Smissen RD, Rolfe JR, Ogle CC (2016) Systematics of Simplicia Kirk (Poaceae, Agrostidinae) – an endemic, threatened New Zealand grass genus. PhytoKeys 75: 119-144. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.75.10328
Figure 5 - Simplicia buchananii. A habitat, Kahurangi National Park, North West Nelson, South Island, New Zealand B growth habit and inflorescence C culm, leaf base, sheath and ligule D spikelet showing reduced glumes and lemma (images: J.R. Rolfe).
Figure 8 from: de Lange PJ, Smissen RD, Rolfe JR, Ogle CC (2016) Systematics of Simplicia Kirk (Poaceae, Agrostidinae) – an endemic, threatened New Zealand grass genus. PhytoKeys 75: 119-144. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.75.10328
Figure 8 - Simplicia felix. A habitat, Te Kanuka Farm Station, Upper Kaumingi Stream east Wairarapa, North Island, New Zealand B growth habit and inflorescence C culm, leaf base, sheath and ligule D spikelet showing reduced glumes and lemma (images: J.R. Rolfe)
FIGURE 2 in Discovery of the Dinoponera lucida male (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), a threatened giant ant from the Atlantic rain forest
FIGURE 2. Dinoponera lucida male abdominal tergum VIII (A) and penisvalva (B).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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