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Fig. 10 in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)
Fig. 10. Zospeum tumidum Jochum, Schilthuizen & Ruthensteiner sp. nov., holotype (NMBE 572615). A. Light microscopic images, showing aperture and dorsal views and TxEx Collection label. B. 3D visualizations of Micro-CT data, apical view. C. Ventral view showing deep umbilical depression. D. Aperture view. E. Aperture facing right view showing tapered columella and lamellar bulge. F. Dorsal view. G. Aperture facing left view.
Fig. 17. Z in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)
Fig. 17. Z. njegusiense Jochum & Ruthensteiner sp. nov., Scanning Electron Microscopy images. A. Holotype (NMBE 572639), aperture view showing subfossil shell with superficial erosion of shell layer. B. Paratype (NMBE 578378), aperture view showing close up of lamellar band on columella (Fig. C). C. Paratype (NMBE 578378), aperture view showing damaged shell and columella. D. Close up view of holotype (NMBE 572639), showing body whorl with low, irregular growth lines. E. Paratype (NMBE 578378), protoconch.
Fig. 6 in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)
Fig. 6. Zospeum intermedium Jochum & Ruthensteiner sp. nov. (RMNH.MOL.234132) from Gittenberger (1975). A. Light microscopic images of apertural and dorsal views. B. Sample labels. C–H. 3D visualizations of X-ray Micro-CT data. C. Aperture view. D. Aperture facing right view. E. Apical view. F. Dorsal view. G. Aperture facing right view. H. Umbilical view showing slight umbilical depression and lamella projecting from the columellar side.
Fig. 7 in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)
Fig. 7. Light microscopic images of shells from the caves Lipska pećina and Duboki do (Montenegro) with specimen labels. A–C. Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 (MCSMNH-PMSL-Moll.-FVelkovrh 29603). D–F. Zospeum dubokidoense Jochum & Ruthensteiner sp. nov. D. Holotype (MCSMNHPMSL-Moll.-FVelkovrh 30360[spm1]). E–F. Paratypes, Duboki do, Montenegro (MCSMNH-PMSLMoll.-FVelkovrh 30360[spm2-3]).
Fig. 2. 3D in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)
Fig. 2. 3D visualizations of Micro-CT data of the lectotype of Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 (NHMW Moll.Coll.Edlauer 32.749) with shell parts and terms indicated. A. Measurements include shell height (sh), shell width (sw), aperture height (ah), aperture width (aw), height of last whorl (hlw) and spire angle (SA). B. Internal view showing columella (co), lamella (la), peristome (pe) and penultimate whorl (pw). C. Apical view showing protoconch (pr), teleoconch (te) and peristome (pe). D. Ventral view showing peristome configuration (pe) parietal shield (ps) and umbilicus (um).
Fig. 4. 3D in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)
Fig. 4. 3D visualizations using Micro-CT data of shells from the caves Benetina pećina (SE Bosnia and Herzegovina) and Cetinska pećina (Montenegro). A–F. Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916, lectotype (NHMW Moll.Coll.Edlauer 32.749). A. Aperture view. B. Aperture facing right view. C. Apical view. D. Dorsal view. E. Aperture facing left view. F. Ventral view showing umbilical depression. G–L. Zospeum tortuosum Jochum & Ruthensteiner sp. nov., holotype (MCSMNH-PMSLMoll.-FVelkovrh 34099[spm1]). G. Aperture view. H. Aperture facing right view. I. Apical view. J. Dorsal view. K. Aperture facing left view. L. Ventral view showing callused peristome positioned mostly on top of umbilicus.
Fig. 15 in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)
Fig. 15. Zospeum biokovoense Jochum & Ruthensteiner sp. nov. (NHMW Mol.Coll.Edlauer 16.390). A–B. Light microscopic images showing aperture and dorsal views and collection labels. A. Juvenile shell. B. Holotype. C–H. 3D visualizations of Micro-CT data of holotype. C. Aperture view showing gnarled deformation of the columella. D. Aperture facing right view showing fat columella and lamella. E. Apical view. F. Dorsal view showing lopsided spire and incomplete lamella on top of fat columella. G. Aperture facing left view. H. Ventral view showing puckered umbilical depression.
Fig. 5. 3D in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)
Fig. 5. 3D visualizations of Micro-CT data of the deformed shell, (MCSMNH-PMSL-Moll.-FVelkovrh 34099[spm4]) from Cetinska pećina. A. Aperture view. B. Aperture facing right view. C. Apical view. D. Dorsal view. E. Aperture facing left view. F. Ventral view with umbilicus covered by last quarter of shell whorl.
Fig. 1 in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)
Fig. 1. Map showing Western Balkan cave localities of populations of Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856. Cave localities are indicated in red.
Fig. 3 in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)
Fig. 3. Light microscopic images of shells from the caves Benetina pećina (SE Bosnia and Herzegovina) and Cetinska pećina (Montenegro) with specimen labels. A. Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916, lectotype (NHMW Moll.Coll.Edlauer 32.749) from Benetina pećina. B–C. Zospeum tortuosum Jochum & Ruthensteiner sp. nov., paratypes (MCSMNH-PMSL-Moll.-FVelkovrh 34099[spm2-3]) from Cetinska pećina. D. Zospeum tortuosum Jochum & Ruthensteiner sp. nov., holotype (MCSMNHPMSL-Moll.-FVelkovrh 34099[spm1]) from Cetinska pećina. E. Deformed shell (MCSMNH-PMSLMoll.-FVelkovrh 34099[spm4]) from Cetinska pećina.
Fig. 14. 3D in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)
Fig. 14. 3D visualizations of Micro-CT data of Zospeum constrictum Jochum & Ruthensteiner sp. nov. (NHMW Mol.Coll.Edlauer 16.693). A–F. Holotype. A. Aperture and dorsal views. B. Aperture facing right view. C. Apical view showing upper right side of final whorl tucked underneath spire. D. Dorsal view. E. Aperture facing left view. F. Ventral view. G–L. Paratype (Fig. 13B). G. Aperture view. H. Aperture facing right view. I. Apical view showing upper right side of final whorl tucked underneath spire. J. Dorsal view. K. Aperture facing left view. L. Ventral view.
Fig. 20. 3D in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)
Fig. 20. 3D visualizations of Micro-CT data of Zospeum sp. 2, Taleža pećina, bei Trebinje, BiH, presented as Z. troglobalcanicum in Inäbnit et al. 2021 (NMBE 553414/1 (ex RSC 1981). A. Aperture view showing low, ridge-like fold on inner penultimate whorl. B. Aperture facing right view showing smooth columella. C. Apical view. D. Dorsal view. E. Aperture facing right view. F. Ventral view showing peristome edge directly parallel to umbilical depression.
Fig. 8. 3D in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)
Fig. 8. 3D visualizations of Micro-CT data of shells from the caves Lipska pećina and Duboki do (Montenegro). A–F. Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 (MCSMNH-PMSL-Moll.-FVelkovrh 29603) (Fig. 7A). A. Aperture view. B. Aperture facing right view. C. Apical view. D. Dorsal view. E. Aperture facing left view. F. Ventral view showing reduced umbilical depression. G–L. Zospeum dubokidoense Jochum & Ruthensteiner sp. nov., holotype (MCSMNH-PMSL-Moll.-FVelkovrh 30360[spm1]). G. Aperture view. H. Aperture facing right view. I. Apical view. J. Dorsal view. K. Aperture facing left view. L. Ventral view showing no umbilical depression.
Data for: Morphological species delimitation in the Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys): Can machine learning methods aid in cryptic species identification?
<p>As the discovery of cryptic species has increased in frequency, there has been interest in whether geometric morphometric data can detect fine-scale patterns of variation that can be used to morphologically diagnose such species. We used a combination of geometric morphometric data and an ensemble of five supervised machine learning methods to investigate whether plastron shape can differentiate two putative cryptic turtle species, <em>Actinemys marmorata</em> and <em>Actinemys pallida</em>. <em>Actinemys</em> has been the focus of considerable research due to its biogeographic distribution and conservation status. Despite this work, reliable morphological diagnoses for its two species are still lacking. We validated our approach on two datasets, one consisting of eight morphologically disparate emydid species, and the other consisting of two subspecies of <em>Trachemys</em> (<em>T. scripta scripta</em>, <em>T. scripta elegans</em>). The validation tests returned near-perfect classification rates, demonstrating that plastron shape is an effective means for distinguishing taxonomic groups of emydids via machine learning methods. By contrast, the same methods did not return high classification rates for a set of alternative phylogeographic and morphological binning schemes in <em>Actinemys</em>. All classification hypotheses performed poorly relative to the validation datasets and no single hypothesis was unequivocally supported for <em>Actinemys</em>. Two hypotheses had machine learning performance that was marginally better than our remaining hypotheses. In both cases, those hypotheses favored a two-species split between <em>A. marmorata</em> and <em>A. pallida</em> specimens, lending tentative morphological support to the hypothesis of two <em>Actinemys</em> species. However, the machine learning results also underscore that <em>Actinemys</em> as a whole have lower levels of plastral variation than other turtles within Emydidae, but the reason for this morphological conservatism is unclear.</p>
Figure 17. A–G in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends
Figure 17. A–G, Operculinoides soldadensis Vaughan & Cole; A, Loma El Santo, CA-215-871; B, Loma Candelaria, 98LC-1-669; C– F, Norona; C, NOR-UN 24; D–F, NOR-UN 15/14; G, holotype, Trinidad. H, I, Palaeonummulites trinitatensis (Nutall); H, Loma Candelaria, 98LC-1ICT3; I, holotype of Operculinoides kugleri Vaughan & Cole, Trinidad. J, Operculinoides ocalanus (Cushman), Loma Jabaco, CA-4-724. A–D, G–J, A forms in equatorial section; E, A form in axial section; F, external view.
Figure 18. A, B, D–H in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends
Figure 18. A, B, D–H, Heterostegina ocalana Cushman; A, Loma Viǵıa, CA-216-D1a; B, Norona, NOR-UN 15/14; D, Loma Viǵıa, CA-216-79; E, F, Loma Jabaco; E, LM-52-756; F, LM-52-752; G, H, Norona, NOR-UN 24. C, Heterostegina cubana Cizancourt, Loma candelaria, 98LC-1H-809. I, Heterostegina sp. indet., Loma Candelaria, 98LC-1H-808. A, B, A forms in axial section; C–G, I, A forms in equatorial section; H, external view.
Figure 14 in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends
Figure 14. Distribution of larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) in the Loma Viǵıa section, central Cuba.
Figure 12 in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends
Figure 12. Distribution of larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) in the Loma El Santo section, central Cuba.
Figure 11 in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends
Figure 11. Distribution of larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) in the Loma Candelaria section, western Cuba (modified from Torres-Silva et al. 2017).
Figure 15. Nummulites striatoreticulatus Rutten. A–C in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends
Figure 15. Nummulites striatoreticulatus Rutten. A–C, Entronque de Herradura; A, 98LC-2-686; B, 98LC-2-687; C, 98LC-2-1a. D–F, Loma Candelaria; D, 98LC-1-660; E, 98LC-1-630; F, 98LC-1-806. G–K, La Esperanza; G, E-126-474; H, E-126-466; I, E-126-458; J, E-126-470, gaps in the septa between adjacent alar prolongations of the chambers; K, E-126-459; L, M, Loma El Santo; L, CA-215- 865; M, CA-215- 65. A, B, E, F, H, I, L and M are A forms in equatorial section; C, D, G and J are A forms in axial section.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.