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Sentinel-3A OLCI Level-1B Earth-observation Full Resolution (EFR) Data, version 1

The Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) is the successor to ENVISAT's Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) having additional spectral channels, different camera arrangements and simplified on-board processing. The OLCI is a push-broom instrument with five camera modules sharing the field of view. The field of view of the five cameras is arranged in a fan-shaped configuration in the vertical plane, perpendicular to the platform velocity. Each camera has an individual field of view of 14.2° and a 0.6° overlap with its neighbors. The whole field of view is shifted across track by 12.6 degrees away from the sun to minimize the impact of sun glint. OLCI is equipped with on-board calibration hardware based on sun diffusers. There are three sun diffusers--two 'white' diffusers dedicated to radiometric calibration and one dedicated to spectral calibration, with spectral reflectance features. The native resolution is approximately 300m, referred to as Full Resolution (FR). A Reduced Resolution (RR) processing mode provides Level-1B data at sampling rates decreased by a factor of four in both spatial dimensions resulting to resolution of approximately 1.2 km.

USGS Global Forest Observations Initiative (GFOI) Gabon

The Global Forest Observations Initiative (GFOI) is an initiative of the inter-governmental Group on Earth Observations (GEO) that aims to: foster the sustained availability of observations for national forest monitoring systems; support governments that are establishing national systems by providing a platform for coordinating observations, providing assistance and guidance on utilizing observations, developing accepted methods and protocols, and promoting ongoing research and development; and work with national governments that report into international forest assessments (such as the global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) of the Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO) and the national greenhouse gas inventories reported to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) using methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

AMSR/ADEOS-II L1A Raw Observation Counts V003

The AMSR/ADEOS-II L1A Raw Observing Counts (AMSR-L1A) data set was processed from Level 0 science packet data by the JAXA Earth Observation Center (EOC) in Japan.

Balloon Observation Platform for Planetary Science (BOPPS) 2014 Observations

This bundle collects all the observational data and documentation generated as part of the first Balloon Observation Platform for Planetary Science (BOPPS) flight to return planetary science data.

Sentinel-3A OLCI Level-2 Regional Earth-observation Full Resolution (EFR) Inherent Optical Properties (IOP) - Near Real-time (NRT) Data, version R2022.0

The Ocean Biology DAAC produces near real-time (quicklook) products using the best-available combination of ancillary data from meteorological and ozone data. As such, the inputs and the calibration used are less than optimal. Quicklook products provide a snapshot of the data during a short time period within a single orbit.

MARS ANALOG SOIL BUG OBSERVATIONS V1.0

The Bloomsburg University Goniometer (BUG) was used to make bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurements of Mars soil analogs at Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Panoramic Camera (Pancam) wavelengths.

Sentinel-3B OLCI Level-3B Global Binned Earth-observation Reduced-Resolution (ERR) Inherent Optical Properties (IOP), Near Real-time (NRT) Data, version R2022.0

Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center's NED Shaded Relief Gallery

The Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center manages the this gallery of images of the 50 U.S. states as derived by Landsat data.

MMT OBSERVATORY 6.5M CLIO RAW DATA OBSERVATIONS OF LCROSS

This archive contains raw observations of the 2009-10-09 impact of the LCROSS spacecraft on the moon by the CLIO instrument on the MMT Observatory 6.5m telescope. The archive consists of uncalibrated FITS images of the event. This is one of several data sets of Earth-based observations of the impact.

XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalog from Stacked Observations (4XMM-DR14s)

The stacked catalog 4XMM-DR14s has been compiled from 1,751 groups, comprising 10,336 overlapping XMM-Newton observations. They were selected from the public observations taken between 2000 February 1 and 2023 November 16 which overlap by at least one arcminute in radius. It contains 427,524 unique sources, 329,972 of them multiply observed, with positions and source parameters like fluxes in the XMM-Newton standard energy bands, hardness ratios, quality estimate, and information on inter-observation variability. The parameters are directly derived from the simultaneous fit, and, wherever applicable, additionally calculated for each contributing observation. Exposures that do not qualify for source detection, for example because of a high background level, are used for subsequent PSF photometry: source fluxes and flux-related parameters are derived for them at the source position and extent found during source detection. 4XMM-DR14s lists 1,807,316 individual flux measurements (visits) of the 427,524 unique sources. Stacked source detection aims at exploring the multiply observed sky regions and exploit their survey potential, in particular to study the long-term behavior of X-ray emitting sources. It thus makes use of the long(er) effective exposure time per sky area and offers the opportunity to investigate flux variability directly through the source detection process. The main catalog properties are summarized in the table below, the data processing and the stacked source detection are described in the processing summary. To ensure detection quality, background levels are assessed, and event-based astrometric corrections are applied before running source detection. After source detections, problematic detections and detection parameters are flagged by an automated algorithm. All detections are screened visually, and obviously spurious sources are flagged manually. This table contains the parameters of the 427,524 unique sources (provided in this table) derived simultaneously from all of the observations (provided in the associated table of observations referred to as <a href="/W3Browse/xmm-newton/xmmstackob.html">XMMSTACKOB</a>) at the fitted position. The authors referred to the EPIC instruments with the following designations: PN, M1 (MOS1), and M2 (MOS2). The energy bands used in the 4XMM processing were the same as for the 3XMM catalog. The following are the basic energy bands: <pre> 1: 0.2-0.5 keV 2: 0.5-1.0 keV 3: 1.0-2.0 keV 4: 2.0-4.5 keV 5: 4.5-12.0 keV </pre> All-EPIC values cover the energy range 0.2-12.0 keV. The full catalog documentation can be found at <a href="https://xmmssc.aip.de/">https://xmmssc.aip.de/</a>. The following table gives an overview of the statistics of this catalog in comparison with the previous stacked catalogs, 4XMM-DR14s through 3XMM-DR7s: <pre> 4XMM-DR14s 4XMM-DR13s 4XMM-DR12s 4XMM-DR11s 4XMM-DR10s 4XMM-DR9s 3XMM-DR7s Number of stacks 1,751 1,688 1,620 1,475 1,396 1,329 434 Number of observations 10,336 9,796 9,355 8,292 7,803 6,604 789 Time span first to last observation Feb 01, 2000 Feb 01, 2000 Feb 01, 2000 Feb 03, 2000 Feb 03, 2000 Feb 03, 2000 Feb 20, 2000 -- Nov 16,2023 -- Nov 29, 2022 -- Dec 04, 2021 -- Dec 17, 2020 -- Dec 14, 2019 -- Nov 13, 2018 -- Apr 02, 2016 Approximate sky coverage (sq. deg.) 685 650 625 560 540 485 150 Approximate multiply observed sky area(sq. deg) 440 420 400 350 335 300 100 Total number of sources 427,524 401,596 386,043 358,809 335,812 288,191 71,951 Sources with several contributing observations 329,972 310,478 298,626 275,440 256,213 218,283 57,665 Multiply observed sources with flag 0 or 1 276,058 262,842 252,445 233,542 216,999 191,497 55,450 Multiply observed with a total detection 266,129 251,555 241,880 224,178 208,921 181,132 49,935 likelihood of at least six Multiply observed with a total detection 226,219 213,812 205,394 189,556 176,680 153,487 42,077 likelihood of at least ten Total measurements 1,807,316 1,683,264 1,592,263 1,421,966 1,322,299 1,033,264 216,393 Maximum exposures per source 173 170 155 140 140 103 69 Maximum observations per source 77 77 70 65 65 40 23 Maximum on-time per source 2.8 Ms 2.8 Ms 2.8 Ms 2.8 Ms 2.8 Ms 1.9 Ms 1.3 Ms </pre> This database table was last updated by the HEASARC in July 2024. It contains the 4XMM-DR14s source catalog, released by ESA on 2024-07-09 and obtained from the XMM-Newton Survey Science Center Consortium at <a href="https://xmmssc.aip.de/cms/catalogues/4xmm-dr14s/">https://xmmssc.aip.de/cms/catalogues/4xmm-dr14s/</a>. It is <a href="https://xmmssc.aip.de/data/xmmstack_v3.2_4xmmdr14s.fits.gz">also available as a gzipped FITS file</a>. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .

Sentinel-3A OLCI Level-3B Global Binned Earth-observation Reduced Resolution (ERR) Chlorophyll (CHL) - Near Real-time (NRT) Data, version R2022.0

TES/Aura L2 Ancillary Special Observation Product V007

TL2ANCS_7 is the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES)/Aura Level 2 Ancillary Special Observation Product Version 7 data product. TES was an instrument aboard NASA's Aura satellite and was launched from California on July 15, 2004. Data collection for TES is complete. TES Level 2 data contain retrieved species (or temperature) profiles at the observation targets and the estimated errors. The geolocation, quality, and other data (e.g., surface characteristics for nadir observations) were also provided. L2 modeled spectra were evaluated using radiative transfer modeling algorithms. The process, referred to as retrieval, compared observed spectra to the modeled spectra and iteratively updates the atmospheric parameters. L2 standard product files include information for one molecular species (or temperature) for an entire global survey or special observation run. A global survey consisted of a maximum of 16 consecutive orbits. A nadir sequence within the TES Global Survey was a fixed number of observations within an orbit for a Global Survey. Prior to April 24, 2005, it consisted of two low resolution scans over the same ground locations. After April 24, 2005, Global Survey data consisted of three low resolution scans. The Nadir standard product consists of four files, where each file is composed of the Global Survey Nadir observations from one of four focal planes for a single orbit, i.e. 72 orbit sequences. The Global Survey Nadir observations only used a single set of filter mix. A Global Survey consists of observations along 16 consecutive orbits at the start of a two day cycle, over which 3,200 retrievals were performed. Each observation was the input for retrievals of species volume mixing ratios (VMRs), temperature profiles, surface temperature and other data parameters with associated pressure levels, precision, total error, vertical resolution, total column density and other diagnostic quantities. Each TES Level 2 standard product reported information in a swath format conforming to the HDF-EOS Aura File Format Guidelines. Each Swath object was bounded by the number of observations in a global survey and a predefined set of pressure levels representing slices through the atmosphere. Each standard product could have had a variable number of observations depending upon the Global Survey configuration and whether averaging is employed. Also, missing or bad retrievals were not reported. The organization of data within the Swath object was based on a superset of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) pressure levels that was used to report concentrations of trace atmospheric gases. The reporting grid was the same pressure grid used for modeling. There were 67 reporting levels from 1211.53 hPa, which allowed for very high surface pressure conditions, to 0.1 hPa, about 65 km. In addition, the products reported values directly at the surface when possible or at the observed cloud top level. Thus in the Standard Product files each observation could potentially contain estimates for the concentration of a particular molecule at 67 different pressure levels within the atmosphere. However, for most retrieved profiles, the highest pressure levels were not observed due to a surface at lower pressure or cloud obscuration. For pressure levels corresponding to altitudes below the cloud top or surface, where measurements were not possible, a fill value was applied. To minimize the duplication of information between the individual species standard products, data fields common to each species (such as spacecraft coordinates, emissivity, and other data fields) have been collected into a separate standard product, termed the TES L2 Ancillary Data product (ESDT short name: TL2ANC). Users of this product should also obtain the Ancillary Data product.

CCD OBSERVATIONS V1.0

Charged Coupled Device (CCD) cameras from UH were used by groups to observe the outburst of comet Halley using a variety of telescopes and chip sets.

Sentinel-3B OLCI Level-2 Earth-observation Reduced-Resolution (ERR) Inherent Optical Properties (IOP), Near Real-time (NRT) Data, version R2022.0

Sentinel-3B OLCI Level-3M Global Mapped Earth-observation Reduced Resolution (ERR) Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient for Downwelling Irradiance (KD) - Near Real-time (NRT) Data, version R2022.0

USGS Global Forest Observations Initiative (GFOI) Cambodia

Remote and In Situ Observations - San Francisco Bay and Delta Ecosystem (RIO-SFE)

TES/Aura L2 Ozone Nadir Special Observation V007

TL2O3NS_7 is the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES)/Aura Level 2 Ozone Nadir Special Observation Version 7 data product. TES was an instrument aboard NASA's Aura satellite and was launched from California on July 15, 2004. Data collection for TES is complete. It consisted of information for one molecular species for an entire Global Survey or Special Observation. TES Level 2 data contained retrieved species (or temperature) profiles at the observation targets and the estimated errors. The geolocation, quality and other data (e.g., surface characteristics for nadir observations) were also provided. L2 modeled spectra were evaluated using radiative transfer modeling algorithms. The process, referred to as retrieval, compared observed spectra to the modeled spectra and iteratively updated the atmospheric parameters. L2 standard product files included information for one molecular species (or temperature) for an entire global survey or special observation run. A global survey consisted of a maximum of 16 consecutive orbits. Nadir and limb observations were in separate L2 files, and a single ancillary file was composed of data that are common to both nadir and limb files. A nadir sequence within the TES Global Survey was a fixed number of observations within an orbit for a Global Survey. Prior to April 24, 2005, it consisted of two low resolution scans over the same ground locations. After April 24, 2005, Global Survey data consisted of three low resolution scans. The Nadir standard product consisted of four files, where each file was composed of the Global Survey Nadir observations from one of four focal planes for a single orbit, i.e. 72 orbit sequences. The Global Survey Nadir observations used a single set of filter mix. A Limb sequence within the TES Global Survey was three high-resolution scans over the same limb locations. The Limb standard product consisted of four files, where each file was composed of the Global Survey Limb observations from one of four focal planes for a single orbit, i.e. 72 orbit sequences. The Global Survey Limb observations were a repeating sequence of filter wheel positions. Special Observations could only be scheduled during the 9 or 10 orbit gaps in the Global Surveys, and were conducted in any of three basic modes: stare, transect, step-and-stare. The mode used depended on the science requirement. A Global Survey consisted of observations along 16 consecutive orbits at the start of a two day cycle, over which 4,608 retrievals were performed (1,152 nadir retrievals and 1,152 retrievals in time ordered sequence for each limb observation). Each observation wa the input for retrievals of species volume mixing ratios (VMR), temperature profiles, surface temperature and other data parameters with associated pressure levels, precision, total error, vertical resolution, total column density and other diagnostic quantities. Each TES Level 2 standard product reported information in a swath format conforming to the HDF-EOS Aura File Format Guidelines. Each Swath object was bounded by the number of observations in a global survey and a predefined set of pressure levels representing slices through the atmosphere. Each standard product could have had a variable number of observations depending upon the Global Survey configuration and whether averaging is employed. Also, missing or bad retrievals were not reported. Each limb observation Limb 1, Limb 2 and Limb 3, were processed independently. Thus, each limb standard product consisted of three sets where each set consisted of 1,152 observations. For TES, the swath object represented one of these sets. Thus, each limb standard product consisted of three swath objects, one for each observation, Limb 1, Limb 2, and Limb 3. The organization of data within the Swath object was based on a superset of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) pressure levels that was used to report concentrations of trace atmospheric gases. The reporting grid was the

IHW COMET HALLEY POLARIMETRIC OBSERVATIONS, V2.0

This data set contains the polarimetric results reported to the International Halley Watch (IHW) Photometry and Polarimetry Network (PPN) by the various participating observers. Only linear polarizations are reported. Both standard and non-standard broadband and narrowband filters were employed. A total of 752 observations are included spanning the period 13 September 1985 to 17 May 1986.