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Proton irradiation augments the reduction in tumor progression observed with advanced age

Proton irradiation is touted for its improved tumor targeting due to the physical advantages of ion beams for radiotherapy. Recent studies from our laboratory have shown that in addition to targeting advantages proton irradiation can inhibit angiogenic and immune factors and thereby modulate tumor progression. High-energy protons also constitute a principal component of the galactic cosmic rays to which astronauts are exposed. Increased understanding of the biological effects of proton exposure would thus contribute to both improved cancer therapy and carcinogenesis risk assessment for space travel. In addition age plays a major role in tumor incidence and is a critical consideration for estimating cancer risk. We investigated the effects of host age and proton exposure on tumor progression. Tumor lag time and growth dynamics were tracked following injection of murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells into young (68 day) versus old (736 day) mice with or without coincident irradiation. Tumor progression was suppressed in old compared to young mice. Differences in progression were further modulated by proton irradiation (1GeV) with increased inhibition evident in old mice. Through global transcriptome analysis TGFB1 and TGFB2 were determined to be key players that contributed to the tumor dynamics observed. These findings point to older hosts providing decreased systemic tumor support which can be further inhibited by proton irradiation. Overall design: For genome-wide expression profiling of tumor tissue Mouse WG-6 BeadArray chips (Illumina San Diego CA) were used. Total RNA was amplified with the Ambion Illumina TotalPrep Amplification Kit (Ambion Austin TX) and labeled from all replicate biological samples for each condition. For tumor replicates thirty tumor samples from adolescent and thirty tumor samples from old mice for a total of 60 tumor samples were used. All replicate samples were run individually. For each age group ten tumor samples had received proton irradiation while twenty tumor samples were from unirradiated mice (as described above). Total RNA was isolated and purified using TRIzol (Invitrogen) and quantified using an Agilent Bioanalyzer. Samples were deemed suitable for amplification and hybridization if they had 28s/18s = 2:1 RIN >7. Total RNA of 500ng per sample was amplified using AmbionTotalPrep and 1.5ug of the product was loaded onto the chips. Following hybridization at 55C the chips were washed and then scanned using the Illumina iScan System. The data was checked with GenomeStudio (Illumina) for quality control. In GenomeStudio data was background subtracted and rank invariant normalization was applied. Data was imported into MultiExperiment Viewer MeV for statistical analysis. The statistically significant genes were determined using MeV by applying a one-way ANOVA analysis with standard Bonferroni correction with a FDR <0.05 that resulted in a list of significant genes. Average gene expression signals <10 were filtered out due to signal being

Sentinel-3A OLCI Level-3M Global Mapped Earth-observation Reduced-Resolution (ERR) Inherent Optical Properties (IOP), Near Real-time (NRT) Data, version R2022.0

The Ocean Biology DAAC produces near real-time (quicklook) products using the best-available combination of ancillary data from meteorological and ozone data. As such, the inputs and the calibration used are less than optimal. Quicklook products provide a snapshot of the data during a short time period within a single orbit.

Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) IMPACTS V1

The Automated Surface Observing Systems (ASOS) IMPACTS dataset consists of a variety of ground-based observations during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. IMPACTS was a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S Atlantic coast. IMPACTS aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. This ASOS dataset consists of 176 stations within the IMPACTS domain. Each station provides observations of surface temperature, dew point, precipitation, wind direction, wind speed, wind gust, sea level pressure, and the observed weather code. The ASOS data are available from December 29, 2019 through February 29, 2020 in netCDF-4 format.

USGS Global Forest Observations Initiative (GFOI) Mexico

The Global Forest Observations Initiative (GFOI) is an initiative of the inter-governmental Group on Earth Observations (GEO) that aims to: foster the sustained availability of observations for national forest monitoring systems; support governments that are establishing national systems by providing a platform for coordinating observations, providing assistance and guidance on utilizing observations, developing accepted methods and protocols, and promoting ongoing research and development; and work with national governments that report into international forest assessments (such as the global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) of the Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO) and the national greenhouse gas inventories reported to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) using methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Spitzer Space Telescope Observation Log

This database table contains the Spitzer Space Telescope (SST) log of executed and scheduled observations, and is updated on a weekly basis. Spitzer is the fourth and final element in NASA's family of Great Observatories and represents an important scientific and technical bridge to NASA's Astronomical Search for Origins program. The SST Observatory carries an 85-cm cryogenic telescope and 3 cryogenically cooled science instruments capable of performing imaging and spectroscopy in the 3.6 to 160 micron (µm) range. Spitzer was launched on a Delta 7920H from Cape Canaveral into an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit in August 2003. While the Spitzer cryogenic lifetime requirements are 2.5 years, current estimates indicate that achieving a goal of a 5-year cryogenic mission is possible. For more overview information, refer to the Spitzer Science Center (SSC) Overview at <a href="http://ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu/spitzermission/">http://ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu/spitzermission/</a>. The purpose of this HEASARC table is to help users, particularly those in the high-energy astronomy community, learn about which targets Spitzer has observed or will shortly observe. This table does not at this time have links from table entries to Spitzer data products. Once a particular Spitzer dataset of interest is identified, the SSC Archives/Analysis web page at <a href="http://ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu/archanaly/">http://ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu/archanaly/</a> should be used to access the dataset. The information in this table has been derived from the following files obtained from the SSC website: <p> The schedule of Spitzer science observations as executed: <pre> <a href="http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/SPITZER/docs/files/spitzer/spitzer_obslog.txt">http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/SPITZER/docs/files/spitzer/spitzer_obslog.txt</a> </pre> The list of all approved Spitzer science programs: <pre> <a href="http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/SPITZER/docs/files/spitzer/spitzer_programs.txt">http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/SPITZER/docs/files/spitzer/spitzer_programs.txt</a> </pre> Notice that this table contains primarily observations (identified by their AOR key value) from the first URL above. A given observation should appear only once in this HEASARC table. The HEASARC checks these URLs for modifications periodically and updates the table whenever changes are detected. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .

USGS Global Forest Observations Initiative (GFOI) Colombia

The Global Forest Observations Initiative (GFOI) is an initiative of the inter-governmental Group on Earth Observations (GEO) that aims to: foster the sustained availability of observations for national forest monitoring sy stems; support governments that are establishing national systems by providing a platform for coordinating observations, providing assistance and guidance on utilizing observations, developing accepted methods and protocols, and promoting ongoing research and development; and work with national governments that report into international forest assessments (such as the global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) of the Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO) and the national greenhouse gas inventories reported to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) using methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Sentinel-3B OLCI Level-3B Global Binned Earth-observation Reduced Resolution (ERR) Chlorophyll (CHL) - Near Real-time (NRT) Data, version R2022.0

Sentinel-3A OLCI Level-3M Global Mapped Earth-observation Reduced Resolution (ERR) Chlorophyll (CHL) - Near Real-time (NRT) Data, version R2022.0

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ISS Observations from the Cassini Cruise to Saturn

This bundle contains Cassini ISS images, metadata, and associated documentation from the cruise to Saturn--October 1997 through December 2003.

Sentinel-3A OLCI Level-2 Regional Earth-observation Full Resolution (EFR) Ocean Color (OC) - Near Realtime Data, version R2022.0

Observations from the Autonomous Polar Productivity Sampling System.

Sentinel-3B OLCI Level-3M Global Mapped Earth-observation Reduced Resolution (ERR) Remote-Sensing Reflectance (RRS) - Near Real-time (NRT) Data, version R2022.0

Far Ultraviolet Explorer (FUSE) Observation Log

NASA's FUSE (Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer) spacecraft provided spectra in the far-ultraviolet portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (the wavelength range from 905 - 1180 Angstroms, or 90.5 - 118 nm), with a high spectral resolution of about 20000 (one wavelength point each 5 pm). FUSE was funded by NASA as part of its Origins program, and was developed in collaboration with the space agencies of Canada and France. It was operated for NASA by the Johns Hopkins University. FUSE was launched into orbit aboard a Delta II rocket on June 24, 1999 for a nominal mission of three years of operations. This table contains the FUSE Observation Log up to May 8, 2007, as archived at CDS in summer 2007. FUSE was formally decommissioned on October 18, 2007, following the failure of the last control wheel on the spacecraft in July 2007. More information about the FUSE Project can be found at NASA's Optical and Ultraviolet Archive (MAST) at <a href="http://archive.stsci.edu/">http://archive.stsci.edu/</a> and at the Johns Hopkins FUSE web site at <a href="http://fuse.pha.jhu.edu/">http://fuse.pha.jhu.edu/</a>. This database table was updated by the HEASARC in March 2009, superceding the previous versions of May 2007, May 2004, March 2005, and April 2006. It is primarily based on the CDS table <B/fuse>, specifically, the files fuse.dat, refs.dat and proposal.dat, but also contains additional information on proposal titles and bibliographic codes obtained from the MAST FUSE Archive. The HEASARC plans to update the bibliographic metadata for this table on a monthly basis as and when new information from the latter source becomes available. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .

Observations from the Western Gulf of Maine

Sentinel-3B OLCI Level-3B Global Binned Earth-observation Reduced Resolution (ERR) Remote-Sensing Reflectance (RRS) - Near Real-time (NRT) Data, version R2022.0

Sentinel-3A OLCI Level-3B Global Binned Earth-observation Reduced Resolution (ERR) Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient for Downwelling Irradiance (KD) - Near Real-time (NRT) Data, version R2022.0

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MCDONALD OBS. COLUMN DENSITY OBSERVATIONS OF 19P/BORRELLY

McDonald Observatory (IDS and LCS) column density observations of 19P/Borrelly during the 1981, 1987-8 and 1994 apparitions.

Sentinel-3B OLCI Level-2 Regional Earth-observation Full Resolution (EFR) Inherent Optical Properties (IOP) - Near Real-time (NRT) Data, version R2022.0

XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalog from Stacked Observations: Obs. Data

The stacked catalog 4XMM-DR14s (<a href="/W3Browse/xmm-newton/xmmstack.html">XMMSTACK</a>) has been compiled from 1,751 groups, comprising 10,336 overlapping XMM-Newton observations. They were selected from the public observations taken between 2000 February 1 and 2023 November 16 which overlap by at least one arcminute in radius. It contains 427,524 unique sources, 329,972 of them multiply observed, with positions and source parameters like fluxes in the XMM-Newton standard energy bands, hardness ratios, quality estimate, and information on inter-observation variability. The parameters are directly derived from the simultaneous fit, and, wherever applicable, additionally calculated for each contributing observation. Exposures that do not qualify for source detection, for example because of a high background level, are used for subsequent PSF photometry: source fluxes and flux-related parameters are derived for them at the source position and extent found during source detection. 4XMM-DR14s lists 1,807,316 individual flux measurements of the 427,524 unique sources. Stacked source detection aims at exploring the multiply observed sky regions and exploit their survey potential, in particular to study the long-term behavior of X-ray emitting sources. It thus makes use of the long(er) effective exposure time per sky area and offers the opportunity to investigate flux variability directly through the source detection process. The main catalog properties are summarized in the table below, the data processing and the stacked source detection are described in the processing summary. To ensure detection quality, background levels are assessed, and event-based astrometric corrections are applied before running source detection. After source detections, problematic detections and detection parameters are flagged by an automated algorithm. All detections are screened visually, and obviously spurious sources are flagged manually. This table contains the source parameters from the individual observations in the stacked catalog, <a href="/W3Browse/xmm-newton/xmmstack.html">4XMM-DR14s</a>. The parameters are derived from the simultaneous source-detection fit to all stacked observations at the common source position for each observation that covers a source, amounting to 1,807,316 measurements. The mean source parameters from stacked source detection are provided in the associated main table <a href="/W3Browse/xmm-newton/xmmstack.html">4XMM-DR14s</a>, referred to as XMMSTACK. The authors referred to the EPIC instruments with the following designations: PN, M1 (MOS1), and M2 (MOS2). The energy bands used in the 4XMM processing were the same as for the 3XMM catalog. The following are the basic energy bands: <pre> 1: 0.2-0.5 keV 2: 0.5-1.0 keV 3: 1.0-2.0 keV 4: 2.0-4.5 keV 5: 4.5-12.0 keV </pre> All-EPIC values cover the energy range 0.2-12.0 keV. The full catalog documentation can be found at <a href="https://xmmssc.aip.de/">https://xmmssc.aip.de/</a>. The following table gives an overview of the statistics of this catalog in comparison with the previous stacked catalogs, 4XMM-DR14s through 3XMM-DR7s: <pre> 4XMM-DR14s 4XMM-DR13s 4XMM-DR12s 4XMM-DR11s 4XMM-DR10s 4XMM-DR9s 3XMM-DR7s Number of stacks 1,751 1,688 1,620 1,475 1,396 1,329 434 Number of observations 10,336 9,796 9,355 8,292 7,803 6,604 789 Time span first to last observation Feb 01, 2000 Feb 01, 2000 Feb 01, 2000 Feb 03, 2000 Feb 03, 2000 Feb 03, 2000 Feb 20, 2000 -- Nov 16,2023 -- Nov 29, 2022 -- Dec 04, 2021 -- Dec 17, 2020 -- Dec 14, 2019 -- Nov 13, 2018 -- Apr 02, 2016 Approximate sky coverage (sq. deg.) 685 650 625 560 540 485 150 Approximate multiply observed sky area(sq. deg) 440 420 400 350 335 300 100 Total number of sources 427,524 401,596 386,043 358,809 335,812 288,191 71,951 Sources with several contributing observations 329,972 310,478 298,626 275,440 256,213 218,283 57,665 Multiply observed sources with flag 0 or 1 276,058 262,842 252,445 233,542 216,999 191,497 55,450 Multiply observed with a total detection 266,129 251,555 241,880 224,178 208,921 181,132 49,935 likelihood of at least six Multiply observed with a total detection 226,219 213,812 205,394 189,556 176,680 153,487 42,077 likelihood of at least ten Total measurements 1,807,316 1,683,264 1,592,263 1,421,966 1,322,299 1,033,264 216,393 Maximum exposures per source 173 170 155 140 140 103 69 Maximum observations per source 77 77 70 65 65 40 23 Maximum on-time per source 2.8 Ms 2.8 Ms 2.8 Ms 2.8 Ms 2.8 Ms 1.9 Ms 1.3 Ms </pre> This database table was last updated by the HEASARC in July 2024. It contains the 4XMM-DR14s observations catalog, released by ESA on 2024-07-09 and obtained from the XMM-Newton Survey Science Center Consortium at <a href="https://xmmssc.aip.de/cms/catalogues/4xmm-dr14s/">https://xmmssc.aip.de/cms/catalogues/4xmm-dr14s/</a>. It is <a href="https://xmmssc.aip.de/data/xmmstack_v3.2_4xmmdr