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Fig. 6 in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure

Fig. 6. EDS spectra of the phosphatic Sphenothallus tube with diagenetic calcite interlayer. Scale bar 100 μm.

Fig. 3 in Composite Phymatoderma from Neogene deep-marine deposits in Japan: Implications for Phanerozoic benthic interactions between burrows and the trace-makers of Chondrites and Phycosiphon

Fig. 3. Composite Phymatoderma burrows from the Shiramazu Formation, Hiraiso section, Chiba Prefecture, central Japan. A, B. Phymatoderma reworked by Chondrites. Phymatoderma tunnels with dark gray-colored scoriaceous infill reworked by white-colored Chondrites (arrows). C, D. Phymatoderma reworked by Phycosiphon. Even within the pelletal infill of Phymatoderma, cores (white arrows) and surrounding mantles (black arrows) of Phycosiphon are sometimes clearly recognized (C). Field photos; A, B, parallel to the bedding plane; C, obliquely cut vertical cross-sectional view; D, vertical cross-sectional view. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 4 in Composite Phymatoderma from Neogene deep-marine deposits in Japan: Implications for Phanerozoic benthic interactions between burrows and the trace-makers of Chondrites and Phycosiphon

Fig. 4. Schematic diagram showing the measured parameters. DCh, burrow diameter of Chondrites; DPc, burrow (i.e., central core) diameter of Phycosiphon; DPm, burrow diameter of Phymatoderma; PWmax, maximum pellet width; X and Y are the numbers of measured specimens, X ranges from 4–10, Y from 2–37.

Fig. 3 in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure

Fig. 3. Tube microstructure of Sphenothallus aff. longissimus (TUG 1648-2), Viivikonna Formation, lowermost Sandbian, Kohtla-Nõmme. A. Laminar microstructure, arrows point to the boundaries of laminae; z, possible thin primary lamination. B. Secondary calcitic layer in the tube wall, arrows point to the boundaries between laminae. C. Detail view of the boundary between laminae. D. Homogeneous microstructure.

Fig. 4. Representative X in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure

Fig. 4. Representative X-ray diffraction pattern of Sphenothallus aff. longissimus, Viivikonna Formation, lowermost Sandbian, Kohtla, NE Estonia. Dark gray line indicates modelled apatite pattern fitted to measured pattern. Position of reflections 410 and 004 were used to estimate carbonate ion content in carbonate-fluor apatite structure.

Fig. 6 in Composite Phymatoderma from Neogene deep-marine deposits in Japan: Implications for Phanerozoic benthic interactions between burrows and the trace-makers of Chondrites and Phycosiphon

Fig. 6. Scatter plots showing the relationships between Phymatoderma burrow diameter and its maximum pellet width (black plot) and reworking trace-fossil diameter. A. Chondrites. B. Phycosiphon. Note that diameters of both ichnogenera that reworked Phymatoderma tunnels are within the size-range of them occurring in the host siltstone (shade), although pellet width increases with increasing Phymatoderma burrow diameter. D Ch, burrow diameter of Chondrites; D Pc, burrow (i.e., central core) diameter of Phycosiphon; D Pm, burrow diameter of Phymatoderma; PW max, maximum pellet width; n, number of measured burrows.

Fig. 5 in Composite Phymatoderma from Neogene deep-marine deposits in Japan: Implications for Phanerozoic benthic interactions between burrows and the trace-makers of Chondrites and Phycosiphon

Fig. 5. Size distributions of Phymatoderma from the Shiramazu Formation. A. Non-reworked Phymatoderma. B. Phymatoderma reworked by Chondrites. C. Phymatoderma reworked by Phycosiphon. D. Comparison of burrow diameter between non-reworked Phymatoderma, and tunnels reworked by Chondrites and Phycosiphon. Note that Phymatoderma reworked by Phycosiphon has significantly larger size. n, number of measured burrows.

Fig. 7 in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure

Fig. 7. Representitave ATR-FTIR spectrum of Sphenothallus aff. longissimus from Viivikonna Formation, Kivõli, NE Estonia.

Fig. 2 in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure

Fig. 2. Tubes of Sphenothallus aff. longissimus (A–C) and Sphenothallus kukersianus (Öpik, 1927) (D) Viivikonna Formation, lowermost Sandbian, NE Estonia. A. TUG 73-37 from Kohtla-Järve. B. TUG 1087-14 from Kohtla. C. TUG 2-551 from North East Estonia, oil shale basin. D. TUG 1087-12 from Kohtla-Järve.

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Fig. 3. NMDS plot for the parasite infracommunity composition recovered from 52 in Spillover and spillback risks of ectoparasites by an invasive squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus in Kanto region of Japan

Fig. 3. NMDS plot for the parasite infracommunity composition recovered from 52 host individuals. The influence of each parasite's abundance by discriminating the developmental stage on the score components of the two axes is represented by broken lines. The relationships with environmental variables are indicated by gray arrows. Abbreviations are as follows: M: male, F: female, YH: Yokohama, YS: Yokosuka, HfN: nymph of Haemaphysalis flava, HfL: larva of H. flava, Lep: larva of Leptotrombidium spp., EkA: adult of Enderleinellus kumadai, EkL: larva of E. kumadai, NoA: adult of Neohaematopinus callosciuri, NoL: larva of N. callosciuri, Ca: Ceratophyllus anisus, Ci: Ceratophyllus indages indages.

Fig. 7 in Quatrefoil light traps for free-swimming stages of cymothoid parasitic isopods and seasonal variation in their species compositions in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig. 7. Number of Mothocya parvostis collected at tidal levels: low tide, 1/3 tide, 2/3 tide, and high tide during the three days of sampling.

Fig. 6 in Quatrefoil light traps for free-swimming stages of cymothoid parasitic isopods and seasonal variation in their species compositions in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig. 6. Temporal variation in water temperature from October 2020 to December 2021. The gap in data is due to faulty logging equipment.

Fig. 8 in Quatrefoil light traps for free-swimming stages of cymothoid parasitic isopods and seasonal variation in their species compositions in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig. 8. Number of Mothocya parvostis collected on each sampling date (solid line) and tidal levels (broken line) from November 15 (new moon) to December 15 (new moon).

Fig. 5 in Quatrefoil light traps for free-swimming stages of cymothoid parasitic isopods and seasonal variation in their species compositions in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig. 5. Number of cymothoid juveniles collected in each month from October 2020 to December 2021. Dot bars (red) indicate Mothocya parvostis and diagonal right pattern bars (blue) indicate Ceratothoa verrucosa. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4 in Quatrefoil light traps for free-swimming stages of cymothoid parasitic isopods and seasonal variation in their species compositions in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig. 4. Number of cymothoid mancae collected in each month from October 2020 to December 2021. Dot bars (red) indicate Mothocya parvostis, diagonal right pattern bars (blue) indicate Ceratothoa verrucosa, diagonal left pattern bars (green) indicate Ceratothoa carinata. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 3 in Quatrefoil light traps for free-swimming stages of cymothoid parasitic isopods and seasonal variation in their species compositions in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig. 3. Dorsal views of cymothoid free-swimming stages collected by the light trap. (a) and (d): Mothocya parvostis, (b) and (e): Ceratothoa verrucosa, (c): Ceratothoa carinata. (a)–(c): mancae, (d) and (e): juveniles. Scale bars indicate (a)–(c): 1 mm, (d) and (e): 3 mm.

Fig. 2 in Quatrefoil light traps for free-swimming stages of cymothoid parasitic isopods and seasonal variation in their species compositions in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig. 2. Map showing location of the Seto Inland Sea and sampling site, where light trap sampling was performed.

Fig. 1 in Quatrefoil light traps for free-swimming stages of cymothoid parasitic isopods and seasonal variation in their species compositions in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig. 1. The quatrefoil light trap using in this study. (a): front view, (b): bottom view without net, (c): Light traps in use underwater. A: 15 W LED fishing light, B: Net to collect organisms in trap (0.5 mm mesh).

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Figure 2 in The structure and composition of the woody plant communities of Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi

Figure 2. Typical examples of the plant communities in Majete Wildlife Reserve; A, riparian woodland (Rw); B, grassland (Gr); C–D, shrublands and woodlands (SW); E, transitional woodland (Tw); and F, miombo (M). Photo credits: W.A. Nieman.