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Figure 6 in Diversity, distribution, and conservation of millipedes (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) in the Douala-Edéa National Park, Littoral Region of Cameroon

Figure 6. The abundance distribution model of millipede species in the different habitat in Douala-Edéa National Park.

FIGURE 8 in Rocky reef fish biodiversity and conservation in a Brazilian Hope Spot region

FIGURE 8 | Heniochus acuminatus. A. The SRV frame recorded on MAR 2019 at Redonda Island, inside of the MPA, close to Acanthurus bahianus; B. H. acuminatus photographed in April 2022 (photo by Augusto A. Machado).

FIGURE 4 in Rocky reef fish biodiversity and conservation in a Brazilian Hope Spot region

FIGURE 4 | Elasmobranchs commonly observed on Rio de Janeiro coastal islands rockyreefs: A. Gymnura altavela, B. Myliobatis freminvillei, and C. Zapteryx brevirostris; new records D. Sarda sarda and E. Chromis vanbebberae; and the most common species: F. Diplodus argenteus, G. Cantherhines pullus, and H. Haemulon aurolineatum. Photos: Augusto A. Machado (A–B), Suzana Guimarães (D), Áthila A. Bertoncini (C, E–H).

FIGURE 3 in Rocky reef fish biodiversity and conservation in a Brazilian Hope Spot region

FIGURE 3 | The richest families reported along the coastal islands and surrounding waters of Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region, Brazil.

FIGURE 2 in Rocky reef fish biodiversity and conservation in a Brazilian Hope Spot region

FIGURE 2 | Submersible Rotating Videos "SRV" in operation on Redonda Island. Photo: Áthila A. Bertoncini.

FIGURE 10 in Rocky reef fish biodiversity and conservation in a Brazilian Hope Spot region

FIGURE 10 | Venn diagram representing exclusive and shared species richness recorded in the study areas: large-bold-grey numbers are the total number of species in each area; small numbers represent exclusive species in each area; medium size numbers represent the share between/among areas.

FIGURE 1 in Rocky reef fish biodiversity and conservation in a Brazilian Hope Spot region

FIGURE 1 | Maps and photographs of the study area (Coastal Islands of Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region). A. The State of Rio de Janeiro in Southeast Brazil; B. The Guanabara Bay and the archipelagos/islands along the southern coast, Z13 fishermen's colony (red square) and Z7 fishermen's colony (red circle); C. Tijucas Archipelago; D. Cagarras Archipelago and Redonda Island and Filhote da Redonda Islet forming the MONA Cagarras MPA; E. Cotunduba Island; F. Rasa Island; G. Maricás Archipelago; H. Aerial view from West of the Tijucas Archipelago; I. Aerial view from Northwest of MONA Cagarras, depicting Rasa Island in the far background; J. Aerial view from Southeast of Cotunduba Island; K. Aerial view from East of the Maricás Archipelago. Credits: Augusto A. Machado (A-G); Áthila A. Bertoncini (H, I, K); Fred Cunha (J).

FIGURE 9 in Rocky reef fish biodiversity and conservation in a Brazilian Hope Spot region

FIGURE 9 | Doughnut chart showing the assigned categories (%) of threatened fish species according to the IUCN and the Brazilian (ICMBio, 2018) red lists. CR = Critically Endangered, DD = Data Deficient, EN = Endangered, LC = Least Concern, NE = Not Evaluated, NT = Near Threatened, VU = Vulnerable.

FIGURE 6 in Rocky reef fish biodiversity and conservation in a Brazilian Hope Spot region

FIGURE 6 | Rare fish species recorded on Rio de Janeiro coastal islands rockyreefs: A. Hippocampus reidi, B. Callionymus bairdi, C. Haemulon plumierii, D. Sargocentron bullisi, E. Chromis flavicauda, F. Pronotogrammus martinicensis, G. Centropyge aurantonotus, and H. Bodianus rufus. Photos: Áthila A. Bertoncini.

FIGURE 5 in Rocky reef fish biodiversity and conservation in a Brazilian Hope Spot region

FIGURE 5 | Rare fish species recorded on Rio de Janeiro coastal islands rocky reefs: A. Thalassoma noronhanum, B. Paranthias furcifer, C. Xyrichtys splendens, D. Clepticus brasiliensis, E. Eques lanceolatus, F. Uraspis secunda, G. Scarus zelindae and H. Ptereleotris randalli. Photos: Áthila A. Bertoncini (A–B, E–H), Augusto A. Machado (C, D).

FIGURE 7 in Rocky reef fish biodiversity and conservation in a Brazilian Hope Spot region

FIGURE 7 | Two cryptic species observed at a particular gravel bottom at Tijucas Archipelago. A. Gobulus myersi (new record) and Paraclinus spectator. Photos: Áthila A. Bertoncini.

FIGURE 5 in Importance of protection strategies in the conservation of the flagship species "dourado" Salminus brasiliensis (Characiformes: Bryconidae)

FIGURE 5 | ANCOVA interaction effects for the relationship between gonad weight (gw) and body weight (bw) for female (A) and male (D) Salminus brasiliensis. Mean gonadal index (GI) for female (B) and male (E) S. brasiliensis by river (HA – highly altered; MA – moderately altered; LA – less altered). GI for female (C) and male (F) S. brasiliensis over time. GI was measured as the relationship between ln(gw)/ln(bw^1.25) for females and ln(gw)/ln(bw^1.07) for males.

FIGURE 4 in Importance of protection strategies in the conservation of the flagship species "dourado" Salminus brasiliensis (Characiformes: Bryconidae)

FIGURE 4 | ANCOVA interaction effects for the relationship between body weight (bw) and body length (Ls) for female (A) and male (D) Salminus brasiliensis. Mean condition factor (K) for female (B) and male (E) S. brasiliensis by river (HA – highly altered; MA – moderately altered; LA – less altered). Condition factor (K) for female (C) and male (F) S. brasiliensis over time. K was measured as the relationship between ln(bw)/ln(Ls^3.13) for females and ln(bw)/ln(Ls^3.10) for males.

FIGURE 3 in Importance of protection strategies in the conservation of the flagship species "dourado" Salminus brasiliensis (Characiformes: Bryconidae)

FIGURE 3 | Cross-correlations between the temporal abundance series of the less altered (LA) and moderately altered (MA) rivers (LA:MA) and the LA and HA rivers (LA:HA). As sampling was conducted quarterly. A 0.25 lag is equal to three months. HA: Paraná River; MA: Baía River; LA: Ivinhema River). CCF = cross-correlation coefficient. After the prewhitening protocol correlations, <-0.27 and> 0.27 were considered significant (dashed line).

FIGURE 1 in Importance of protection strategies in the conservation of the flagship species "dourado" Salminus brasiliensis (Characiformes: Bryconidae)

FIGURE 1 | Protected areas and sampling stations in the upper Paraná River floodplain. Paraná River (highly altered – HA), Baía River (moderately altered – MA), and Ivinhema River (less altered – LA).

FIGURE 2 in Importance of protection strategies in the conservation of the flagship species "dourado" Salminus brasiliensis (Characiformes: Bryconidae)

FIGURE 2 | Salminus brasiliensis in three rivers of the upper Paraná floodplain. A. Temporal trend in abundance – dashed line indicates the year in which the Porto Primavera Dam began to operate; B. Relationship between water level and abundance (CPUE). The less altered (LA) river has a weaker relationship between water level and young-of-the-year abundance. HA – highly altered (Paraná River), MA – moderately altered (Baía River), and less altered – LA (Ivinhema River); C. Probability of occurrence of the species (All) and young-ofthe-year (YOY).

FIGURE 4 in Spintherobolus papilliferus in the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin: implications for the biogeography and conservation of an endangered species (Ostariophysi: Characiformes)

FIGURE 4 | Maximum likelihood tree of species of Spintherobolus based on partial sequences of the COI gene (531 bp). Numbers represent voucher specimens deposited in LBP (Tab. 1). Vouchers LBP 101792 and 101793 are from rio Ribeira de Iguape drainage, municipality of Juquitiba, and voucher LBP 61600 is from rio Sertãozinho, rio Itapanhaú drainage, municipality of Bertioga, both São Paulo State, Brazil.

FIGURE 3 in Spintherobolus papilliferus in the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin: implications for the biogeography and conservation of an endangered species (Ostariophysi: Characiformes)

FIGURE 3 | A. Boxplot for dependent variables body depth (BD), predorsal distance (PD), preanal distance (PA), caudal-peduncle depth (CPD), and upper jaw length (UJL) of Spintherobolus papilliferus from the three drainages: Itapanhaú (IT), Ribeira de Iguape (RI), and upper rio Tietê (UT). B. Scatter plot of LDA features for distinct drainages Itapanhaú (IT – red dots), Ribeira de Iguape (RI – green dots), and upper rio Tietê (UT – blue dots).

FIGURE 5 in Spintherobolus papilliferus in the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin: implications for the biogeography and conservation of an endangered species (Ostariophysi: Characiformes)

FIGURE 5 | Map of southeastern South America showing a detail of the map of São Paulo State (dark grey in small map) and the three drainages discussed in this study: upper rio Tietê (yellow), rio Itapanhaú (pink) and rio Ribeira de Iguape (green). Localities 1–4 belong to the upper rio Tietê, locality 5 belongs to rio Itapanhaú and locality 6 belongs to rio Juquiá, rio Ribeira de Iguape drainages. PE = Parque Estadual.

FIGURE 2 in Spintherobolus papilliferus in the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin: implications for the biogeography and conservation of an endangered species (Ostariophysi: Characiformes)

FIGURE 2 | Stream stretch affluent of rio Juquiá, rio Ribeira de Iguape, municipality of Juquitiba, São Paulo State, where specimens of Spintherobolus papilliferus were sampled for this study. A. General view showing rapids in the background. B. Rapids pool where specimens were caught.