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3,101 results for “Historical”
Figs 9-11 in Taxonomy and historical biogeography of the genus Rhyacophila P , 1834 on the Philippines (Insecta, Trichoptera)
Figs 9-11: Male genitalia of Rhyacophila amoyanensis sp. n.,
ICDAR 2021 Historical Document Classification Dataset for Task 2 - Dating
<p>Dataset for the localization classification task of the ICDAR 2021 Competition on Historical Document Classification competition. The tar.gz file contains the images and ground truth file (CSV format). The metadata csv file contains information, such as where the image comes from.</p>
Crowdsourcing historical text and data with the Chinese Text Project
<p>Paper presented on Friday 11 June 2021 at the Digital Medievalist Global Symposium <em>The past, present, and future of Digital Medieval Studies</em> for the Asia & Oceania Panel, in the session Engaging in Chinese Literature.</p> <p>The Chinese Text Project (<a href="https://ctext.org">https://ctext.org</a>) is a crowdsourced digital library of premodern Chinese writing, containing over 35 million pages of scanned primary source material and billions of words of transcribed text. In this talk I describe the implementation of a crowdsourced semantic annotation system for these texts, as well as the joint construction of a crowdsourced knowledge graph recording data covering close to 3000 years of Chinese history.</p>
Supplementary material to 'New Equivalent Frame Models for Historical Masonry Structures'
<p>This repository provides the OpenSEES models used for producing the results presented in the paper as well as the data with results of the IDAs.</p>
Modeling cyanobacteria life cycle dynamics and historical nitrogen fixation in the Baltic Proper - Datasets
<p>Observational and model datasets used in: Modeling cyanobacteria life cycle dynamics and historical nitrogen fixation in the Baltic Proper.</p>
Data from: Historical human activities reshape evolutionary trajectories across both native and introduced ranges
<p>The same vectors that introduce species to new ranges could move them among native populations, but how human‐mediated dispersal impacts native ranges has been difficult to address because human‐mediated dispersal and natural dispersal can simultaneously shape patterns of gene flow. Here, we disentangle human‐mediated dispersal from natural dispersal by exploiting a system where the primary vector was once extensive but has since ceased. From 10th to 19th Centuries, ships in the North Atlantic exchanged sediments dredged from the intertidal for ballast, which ended when seawater ballast tanks were adopted. We investigate genetic patterns from RADseq‐derived SNPs in the amphipod <i>Corophium volutator</i> (<i>n</i> = 121; 4,870 SNPs) and the annelid <i>Hediste diversicolor</i> (<i>n</i> = 78; 3,820 SNPs), which were introduced from Europe to North America, have limited natural dispersal capabilities, are abundant in intertidal sediments, but not commonly found in modern water ballast tanks. We detect similar levels of genetic subdivision among introduced North American populations and among native European populations. Phylogenetic networks and clustering analyses reveal population structure between sites, a high degree of phylogenetic reticulation within ranges, and phylogenetic splits between European and North American populations. These patterns are inconsistent with phylogeographic structure expected to arise from natural dispersal alone, suggesting human activity eroded ancestral phylogeographic structure between native populations, but was insufficient to overcome divergent processes between naturalized populations and their sources. Our results suggest human activity may alter species' evolutionary trajectories on a broad geographic scale via regional homogenization and global diversification, in some cases precluding historical inference from genetic data.</p>
Cryptocurrency Historical Data Snapshot
<p>En esta práctica se hace repaso de los procesos de web scraping. </p>
Cryptocurrency Historical Data Snapshot
<p>En esta práctica se hace repaso de los procesos de web scraping, extrayendo informacion de la pagina coinmarketcap. </p>
Historical RTG performance data through 2020
<p>Radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG) are the only technology capable of providing reliable and consistent electrical power for decades while isolated in extreme environments. RTGs have been, and will continue to be, a critical enabling component in some of humankind's most impressive feats of space exploration in the past (e.g. Cassini), present (e.g. Voyager), and future (e.g. Dragonfly). Power produced by an RTG will slowly decrease over time due to decay of the radioisotope fuel and degradation of the materials within the generator. With over 60 years of history, the technology of RTGs has evolved from producing only a few electrical watts (e.g. SNAP-3B ~3 W) to nearing a kilowatt of total mission power (e.g. Cassini beginning-of-mission 887 W). They also evolved from systems that were only designed to last a few years, into systems that are now exploring interstellar space 45 years after launch. Obviously, understanding how the performance of these systems changes over their lifetime is of very high interest to anyone planning a future space exploration mission. This dataset presents all of the power and performance information that is available for all spaceborne RTGs that have been flown by NASA and the US Department of Defense through early 2020. Some performance data that has not previously been published is also provided here, including the full lifetime for Galileo and Pioneer 11, as well as a near complete lifetime for Pioneer 10. While all of the available performance data for RTGs is presented here, it should be noted that the context of each mission and RTG design is extremely important in understanding RTG behavior. It is not possible to provide enough context to fully appreciate the behavior of all 29 RTG space missions in a dataset publication, so users are highly encouraged to find the appropriate context in Chapter 8 of the book, <em>The Technology of Discovery: Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators and Thermoelectric Technologies for Space Exploration</em> (ISBN: 9781119811367).</p>
Historical Plant Collections Card Catalog
<p>TREC began operations in 1930 with development of the land and planting of the first crops. The digitized card catalog documents the earliest plants collected and cultivated at TREC including ornamental and fruit crops. Native and rare plants are also included with conservation focus. Most of the cards document activity from the 1930's to the 1960's with fewer entries from the 1970's and 1980's.</p> <p>The catalog for this collection is contained as `_CardCatalogFiles2021.xlsx` with the collection as the accompanying 468 image files that digitize 4,170 cards.</p>
Dataset supporting publication: "Data collected by coupling fix and wearable sensors for addressing urban microclimate variability in an historical Italian city"
<p>Dataset supporting publication: “Data collected by coupling fix and wearable sensors for addressing urban microclimate variability in an historical Italian city” (publication available for download: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/3901556">GEOFIT Zenodo</a>)</p> <p>Datasets resulting from monitoring activities of Sant'Apollinare systems and climatic parameters inside and outside the building (post-intervention monitoring).</p> <p>The article presents the data collected through an extensive research work conducted in a historic hilly town in central Italy during the period 2016-2017. Data concern two different datasets: long-term hygrothermal histories collected in two specific positions of the town object of the research, and three environmental transects collected following on foot the same designed path at three different time of the same day, i.e. during a heat wave event in summer. The short-term monitoring campaign is carried out by means of an innovative wearable weather station specifically developed by the authors and settled upon a bike helmet. Data provided within the short-term monitoring campaign are analysed by computing the apparent temperature, a direct indicator of human thermal comfort in the outdoors. All provided environmental data are geo-referenced. These data are used in order to examine the intra-urban microclimate variability. Outcomes from both long- and short-term monitoring campaigns allow to confirm the existing correlation between the urban forms and functionalities and the corresponding local microclimate conditions, also generated by anthropogenic actions. In detail, higher fractions of built surfaces are associated to generally higher temperatures as emerges by comparing the two long-term air temperature data series, i.e. temperature collected at point 1 is higher than temperature collated at point 2 for the 75% of the monitored period with an average of þ2.8 [1]C. Furthermore, gathered environmental transects demonstrate the high variability of the main environmental parameters below the Urban Canopy. Diversification of the urban thermal behaviour leads to a computed apparent temperature range in between 33.2 [1]C and 46.7 [1]C at 2 p.m. along the monitoring path. Reuse of these data may be helpful for further investigating interesting correlations among urban configuration, anthropogenic actions and microclimate variables affecting outdoor comfort. Additionally, the proposed dataset may be compared to other similar datasets collected in other urban contexts around the world. Finally, it can be compared to other monitoring methodologies such as weather stations and satellite measurements available in the location at the same time.</p>
New global dataset on historical water-related conflict and cooperation events
<p>The water-related conflict and cooperation events database was created as a part of a larger project: "The missing link: how does the climate affect human conflicts and collaborations through water?" where the goal is to increase understanding of how people and the climate affect water flows and how, in turn, these changes affect cooperation and conflicts over water. Formas, project 2017-00,608 support this project.</p> <p>The database includes a collection of cooperation and conflict events between 1951 and 2019. The Transboundary Freshwater Dispute Database (2010) and WCC (Pacific Institute, Oakland, CA, 2022) were used as data on water-related acts of cooperation and conflict over time. As TFDD cooperation data ends in 2008, cooperation events were extended following a similar methodology as was used in the creation of TFDD. Further, geographic locations and regional classifications were added to all events, which can be used to create visualizations and extract subsets of the database for different parts of the world. The database methodology flow chart included in the files gives a brief overview of steps taken to prepare and process the data into the database.</p> <p>The openly available scientific article in Science of the Total Environment (STOTEN) highlight findings using this dataset and gives further explanations relating to the database. The article can be found here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161555">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161555</a>.</p>
Reconstructed Aneto glacier surfaces from historic aerial image photogrammetry (1981) and remote sensing techniques (2020, 2021, 2022)
<p>The Aneto Glacier, is the largest glacier in the Pyrenees. Its shrinkage and wastage have been continuous in recent decades, and there are signs of accelerated melting in recent years. In this study, changes in the surface and ice thickness of the Aneto Glacier from 1981 to 2022 are investigated using historical aerial imagery, airborne LiDAR point clouds, and UAV imagery. A GPR survey conducted in 2020, combined with data from photogrammetric analyses, allowed us to reconstruct the current ice thickness and also the existing ice distribution in 1981 and 2011. Over the last 41 years, the total glaciated area has shrunk by 64.7% and the ice thickness has decreased, on average, by 30.5 m. The mean remaining ice thickness in autumn 2022 was 11.9 m, as against the mean thicknesses of 32.9 m, 19.2 m reconstructed for 1981 and 2011 and 15.0 m observed in 2020 respectively. The results demonstrate the critical situation of the glacier, with an imminent segmentation into two smaller ice bodies and no evidence of an accumulation zone. We also found that the occurrence of an extremely hot and dry year, as observed in the 2021–2022 season, leads to a drastic degradation of the glacier, posing a high risk to the persistence of the Aneto Glacier, a situation that could extend to the rest of the Pyrenean glaciers in a relatively short time. </p>
High-resolution digital elevation models and orthomosaics generated from historical aerial photographs (since the 1960s) of the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia
<p>This dataset contains the results of photogrammetric processing (Digital Elevation Models, Orthomosaics and subset data used for volumetric calculation and visualization) named: “DEM_1967.7z”: inside the zipped folder “1967_DEM.tif” (digital elevation model produced for the year 1967), “DEM_1984.7z”: inside the zipped folder “1984_DEM.tif” exist (digital elevation model produced for the year 1984). In addition, under “1967_Orthomosaic.7z" and "1984_Orthomosaic.7z” zipped folders, there are orthomosaic files produced namely, “1967_orthomosaic.tif” and "1984_orthomosaic.tif” for the year 1967 and 1984, respectively. The DEMs and Orthomosaics subset from the results for sites (data example 1 and data example 2) reside under "Data_Examples.zip". Accuracy of the resulted data were assessed and the extracted elevation values are under "Accuracy_assessment.zip". All DEMs and Orthomosaics are in GeoTIFF format in the Adindan UTM Zone 37 N (EPSG: 20137) projected coordinate system.</p> <p> Potential application of the presented dataset include:</p> <p>1. watershed management</p> <p>2. analyses of historical landscape change</p> <p>3. detailed mapping and analyses of geological and archaeological features, as well as natural resources</p> <p>4. analyses of geomorphological processes</p> <p>5. socioecological patterns and dynamics</p> <p>6. modelling and planning for telecommunications </p> <p>7. biodiversity research. </p> <p>The inputs for the above resulted DEMs and Orthomosaics are found under Zenodo repository "10.5281/zenodo.7271617". </p>
High-resolution digital elevation models and orthomosaics generated from historical aerial photographs (since the 1960s) of the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia
<p>This dataset contains the inputs used for Structure from Motion Multiview Stereo photogrammetry processing for the year 1967 and 1984 i.e Unprocessed scanned historical aerial Photographs, camera position coordinates, flight index and Ground Control Points. All the scanned historical aerial photographs data are in TIFF format except four photographs in JPEG format under a zipped folder ("1967_Scanned_HAPs_Part1.7z and 1967_Scanned_HAPs_Part2.7z" for the 1967 Historical Aerial Photographs and "1984_Scanned_HAPs_Part1.7z and 1984_Scanned_HAPs_Part2.7z" for the 1984 Historical Aerial Photographs). The "Flight_Index.Zip" contains shapefiles of the camera position and polygon of consecutive aerial photograph index; "GCP.Zip" contains text file of the GCPs used for the 1967 and 1984; and "Camera_Position.Zip" contains the file of the camera position (Label, Easting, Northing and Altitude) of each historical aerial photographs. </p> <p>The results of the above dataset could be accessible on Zenodo repository "10.5281/zenodo.7269999".</p> <p>Anyone can reuse the presented dataset to produce DEMs and Orthomosaics; and use for the following application areas:</p> <p>1. watershed management</p> <p>2. analyses of historical landscape change</p> <p>3. detailed mapping and analyses of geological and archaeological features, as well as natural resources</p> <p>4. analyses of geomorphological processes</p> <p>5. socioecological patterns and dynamics</p> <p>6. modelling and planning for telecommunications </p> <p>7. biodiversity research. </p> <p> </p>
The end of the line: Competitive exclusion and the extinction of historical entities
<p><span>Identifying competitive exclusion at the macroevolutionary scale has typically relied on demonstrating a reciprocal, contradictory response by two co-occurring, functionally similar clades. Finding definitive examples of such a response in fossil time-series has proven challenging however, as has controlling for the effects of a changing physical environment. We take a novel approach to this issue by quantifying variation in trait values that capture almost the entirety of function for steam locomotives (SL), a known example of competitive exclusion from material culture, with the goal of identifying patterns suitable for assessing clade replacement in the fossil record. Our analyses find evidence of an immediate, directional response to the first appearance of a direct competitor, with subsequent competitors further reducing the realized niche of SLs, until extinction was the inevitable outcome. These results demonstrate when interspecific competition should lead to extinction and suggest that clade replacement may only occur when niche overlap between an incumbent and its competitors is near absolute and where the incumbent is incapable of transitioning to a new adaptive zone. Our findings provide the basis for a new approach to analyze putative examples of competitive exclusion that is largely free of <em>a priori</em> assumptions.</span></p>
Long-distance dispersal drives the genetic variation and historical demography of Quercus magnoliifolia and Quercus resinosa (Fagaceae) in the Mexican highlands
<p>Genotypes of chloroplast microsatellites used in Albarrán-Lara et al. Data comprises six loci from 61 localities sampling in Mexico</p>
Data from: Developing a database of Australian grasshopper occurrences from historic field survey notebooks spanning 54 years (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Morabidae, Pyrgomorphidae, Tetrigidae)
<p>The baseline distribution data for all species of a given group in a region can provide fundamental insights into biogeographic questions about historic patterns of species richness, population trends, and extinction. Grasshoppers are one major group of insects for which a continent-wide perspective on their geographic distribution can be obtained. This is because they were extensively surveyed in Australia for 54 years (1936-1989) as part of Commonwealth expeditions to obtain specimens for the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC). Field notebooks recorded from those surveys, under the direction of ANIC curator and director K. H. L. Key, form the principal source of historic distribution records for grasshoppers in Australia. We digitized all 223 notebooks (2486 pages) and transcribed all the field trips conducted in Western Australia (WA) and Tasmania (47 notebooks, 590 pages). We then carefully geocoded all sampling sites of the transcribed notebooks, following the odometer readings and descriptions of routes from a suitable reference point using historic topographic maps and Google Earth. In total, we extracted 8975 geographic coordinates for 477 species having a confirmed or putative taxonomic name of (only 170 of these species have been formally described). We found that species richness varied spatially, with highest richness in arid interior and north of WA. Historic grasshopper surveys were non-randomly distributed across both WA and Tasmania with the highest survey intensity around coastal regions. Variation was observed among surveyors in terms of the number of species detected per site, between-site distance, and the season of survey being conducted. Overall, however, the dataset is among the most comprehensive continent-wide surveys of Australian invertebrates and will greatly facilitate future work on their ecology, biogeography, conservation, and responses to environmental change.</p>
Historic and contemporary biogeographic perspectives on range-wide spatial genetic structure in a widespread seagrass
<p>This raw data set contains multilocus genotypes for 1,312 individual samples from 44 locations.</p> <p>Aim: Historical and contemporary processes drive spatial patterns of genetic diversity. These include climate-driven range shifts and gene flow mediated by biogeographical influences on dispersal. Assessments that integrate these drivers are uncommon, but critical for testing biogeographic hypotheses. Here, we characterise intraspecific genetic diversity and its spatial structure across the entire distribution of a temperate seagrass to test marine biogeographic concepts for southern Australia.</p> <p>Location: Temperate Australian coastal waters</p> <p>Methods: Predictive modelling was used to contrast the current <em>Posidonia australis</em> distribution to its historical distribution during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Spatial genetic structure was estimated for 44 sampled meadows from across the geographical range of the species using nine microsatellite loci. </p> <p>Results: Historical and contemporary distributions were similar, with the exception of the Bass Strait. Genetic clustering was consistent with the three currently recognised biogeographic provinces and largely consistent with the finer-scale <span>IMCRA </span>bioregions. Discrepancies were found within the Flindersian province and southwest IMCRA bioregion, while two regions of admixture coincided with transitional bioregions. Clonal diversity was highly variable, but positively associated with latitude. Genetic differentiation among meadows was significantly associated with oceanographic distance.</p> <p>Main conclusions: Our approach suggests how shared seascape drivers have influenced the capacity of <em>P. australis</em> to effectively track sea level changes associated with natural climate cycles over millennia, <span>and in particular, the recolonisation of meadows across the Continental Shelf following the LGM</span>. Genetic structure associated with IMCRA bioregions reflects the presence of stable biogeographic barriers, such as oceanic upwellings. This study highlights the importance of biogeography to infer the role of historical drivers in shaping extant diversity and structure. </p>
Exploratory Analysis of Top 50 Companies in Indian Stock Market: A Time Series Analysis of Historical Stock Prices
<p>The dataset consists of 'open, close, high, low, close, adj close and volume' columns for the top 50 Indian Companies and the dataset been fetched from YahooFinance for over 20 years. </p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.