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4,157 results for “Survival.”
Data from: The significance of retention trees for survival of ectomycorrhizal fungi in clear‐cut Scots pine forests
1. Forestry with short stand generations and simplified forest structures has markedly af-fected forest biodiversity. One group of organisms adversely affected by clear-cutting is ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, as they are associated with the roots of living trees. Retention forestry is a way of reducing logging impacts and enhancing biodiversity conservation. In-creasing the proportion of trees retained at harvest may improve ECM fungal diversity. 2. We investigated the potential for life-boating of ECM fungi through the harvesting phase in an experimental field study in a 190 years old Scots pine forest in northern Sweden. The experiment comprised four levels of tree retention – unlogged forest, plots with 60% or 30% of evenly distributed trees retained, and clear-cuts without retained trees. We sampled soils and determined identities, frequencies and relative abundances of ECM fungal species dur-ing three years following logging through the use of high-throughput sequencing of ampli-fied ITS2 markers. 3. We identified 151 ECM fungal species, with the five most abundant species accounting for 50% of the total ECM fungal amplicons. Three years after harvesting, the proportion of ECM sequences in the total amplicon pool had decreased proportionally to the extent of tree removal. In clear-cuts ECM fungal relative abundance had decreased by 95%, while ECM fungal species richness had declined by 75%, compared to unlogged plots. 4. Tree retention enabled maintenance of the most frequent ECM species, while more lowly abundant species were progressively lost at random with increasing level of tree removal. Five of the most frequent ECM fungal species remained present after clear-cutting, probably associated with pine seedlings. 5. Synthesis and applications. Tree retention can moderate short-term and potentially also long-term logging impacts on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. Local ECM fungal diversity is preserved in proportion to the amount of retained trees. Abundant species may be largely maintained, even by low levels of tree retention and on naturally established seedlings. However, conservation of more infrequent species requires higher levels of tree retention, and our results suggest that around 75% of the ECM species are lost with the forest certifi-cation standard of 5% retention trees left at logging. 4-Feb-2019
Data from: Moorean and Tahitian Partula tree snail survival after a mass extinction: new genomic insights using museum specimens
Natural history museum collections provide a biodiversity window into the past and are of particular importance to the study of extinction-impacted clades such as the Pacific Island tree snail family Partulidae. Deliberate introduction of the predatory rosy wolf snail Euglandina rosea in the late 20th century led to the extinction/extirpation of 55/61 Society Island Partulidae species. In this study, we phylogenomically investigated the inter-relationships of the three surviving Society Island valley Partula species: P. taeniata (Moorea), P. clara and P. hyalina (Tahiti). All three formed a distinct clade in earlier mitochondrial phylogenies. Using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) double digested Restriction Associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq), we found that 46-year-old lyophilized museum specimens produced similar numbers of reads, sequencing depth, and loci as 10-year old ethanol-preserved collections. Phylogenomic trees indicated that Tahitian P. clara and P. hyalina are the result of a single founding lineage from Moorea, contrasting previous mitochondrial results and clarifying the enigmatic taxonomic status of P. c. incrassa. Our study highlights the utility and viability of NGS techniques for museum specimens and their increased resolution of evolutionary patterns. Sampling will be expanded to include the remaining Society Island partulid taxa to further explore the evolutionary history of this radiation.
Data from: Designed habitat heterogeneity on green roofs increases seedling survival but not plant species diversity
Urban areas benefit from the ecosystem services provided by low input green roofs. However, limited substrate depth on these green roofs creates challenging conditions for plant establishment and survival, leading to industry reliance on non-native succulents. Through a green roof and glasshouse study, we assessed the impact of simple design modifications to the green roof surface, including redistribution of substrate and addition of logs and pebble piles, on both substrate temperature and moisture content. We added seeds of 26 native species and quantified seedling density, species richness and composition over a single growing season. Overall effects of microsite heterogeneity on species diversity were assessed using species accumulation curves. The modifications altered substrate temperature and moisture. Deep substrate (10-12 cm) and the presence of surface features reduced temperature by 14.6°C and, while surface features had mixed effects on substrate moisture on the green roof, pebble piles slowed moisture loss during a six-week drought in the glasshouse. Following drought conditions, seedling density and species richness was greatest, relative to seeded controls, where substrate was deep on the green roof and where pebbles were present in glasshouse modules, despite high mortality overall. Design modifications did not result in differentiation of seedling communities among different microsite types. Species accumulation curves showed no difference in species richness between aggregates of modified vs. unaltered microsites. Synthesis and applications. Redistribution of green roof substrate and the addition of logs and pebble piles altered microsite conditions and created habitat heterogeneity on a green roof. These design modifications represent a minimalist strategy to ameliorate growing conditions, improve seedling survival and decrease species loss on shallow substrate green roofs.
Data from: Finer-scale habitat predicts nest survival in grassland birds more than management and landscape: a multi-scale perspective
1. Birds may respond to habitat at multiple scales, ranging from microhabitat structure to landscape composition. North American grassland bird distributions predominantly reside on private lands, and populations have been consistently declining. Many of these lands are enrolled in U.S. federal conservation programmes, and properly guided management policies could alleviate declines. However, more evaluative research is needed on the effects of management policies juxtaposed with other multi-scale habitat features. Furthermore, research focused on nest survival is arguably more valuable because habitat associations with avian densities can sometimes be deceptive. 2. We investigated nest survival of a grassland facultative (red-winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus) an obligate species (dickcissel, Spiza americana), and two nesting communities (ground and above-ground nesters) relative to management and multi-scale habitat (nest-site characteristics, in-field microhabitat, patch metrics, and landscape context). Our study was conducted on private lands in Illinois (2011-2014) and directly linked to policy-based management (disking, herbicidal spraying, spray/interseeding) and landowner decisions. 3. Multi-scale models explained more variation in nest survival compared to single scales or management in three of four analyses (blackbirds, dickcissels, and above-ground nesters). Finer-scale habitat variables, such as nest-site characteristics, were more often in top and among the competitive models relative to landscape factors. 4. Compared with other management types, disking (i.e. tractor-pulled disc harrows removed approximately 50% of vegetation) displayed distinct effects and positively influenced nest survival in above-ground nesters. Also, greater proportions of a field managed cumulatively and yearly, regardless of type, generally improved nest survival for dickcissels and above-ground nesters. All groups except above-ground nesters had generally higher nest survival in native grass fields. 5. Synthesis and applications. Habitat practitioners can improve nest survival for certain grassland birds by directly affecting infield-microhabitat vegetation and structure. However, characteristics associated with specific nest locations often drive nest survival. We suggest habitat managers and agency staff promote native grass practices and management, such as disking, to enhance nest survival of grassland bird populations. Management will likely be most effective in favourable unfragmented grassland landscapes with less surrounding forested areas, which also promote other important responses (e.g. colonization and persistence) of target species.
Survival Knife 6
one of the very simple survival knife models Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Survival Knife 4
one of the very simple survival knife models. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FIGURE 6 in Flightless Catapionus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) in Southwest China survive the Holocene trapped on mountaintops: new species, unknown phylogeny and clogging taxonomy
FIGURE 6. Catapionus mopsus sp. n., female, Mt. Gongga, specimen 2741. A–D: habitus; E–F: sternites 8, 9 and spermatheca (E: ventral; F: dorsal); G: sternite 8; H: spermatheca.
FIGURE 2 in Flightless Catapionus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) in Southwest China survive the Holocene trapped on mountaintops: new species, unknown phylogeny and clogging taxonomy
FIGURE 2. Habitats and live adults of Catapionus mopsus sp. n. on Mt. Gongga (A–C) and on Mt. Haba (D–F).
FIGURE 1 in Flightless Catapionus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) in Southwest China survive the Holocene trapped on mountaintops: new species, unknown phylogeny and clogging taxonomy
FIGURE 1. Known distribution of Catapionus weevils; two new records in Southwest China are indicated by numbered red circles.
FIGURE 5 in Flightless Catapionus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) in Southwest China survive the Holocene trapped on mountaintops: new species, unknown phylogeny and clogging taxonomy
FIGURE 5. Catapionus mopsus sp. n., male, Mt. Gongga, specimen 2740. A–D: habitus; E–G: aedeagus and parameres; H: sternites 8 and 9.
FIGURE 7. A–D in Flightless Catapionus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) in Southwest China survive the Holocene trapped on mountaintops: new species, unknown phylogeny and clogging taxonomy
FIGURE 7. A–D: rostra of specimens of Catapionus mopsus sp. n. depicted on Figs. 3–6, respectively. E: ultrametric time tree obtained using BEAST software to date evolutionary events of Catapionus in Southwest China. Numbers at nodes are million years before present. Node bars represent 95% confidence interval of the age estimate. GenBank accessions are preceded by four digit specimen number; HT denotes the holotype. F: rate on introduction of 38 valid Catapionus nominal species grouped by decades (37 names from Alonso-Zarazaga 2013, plus C. mopsus sp. n. described herein; taxonomic changes pertaining to Japanese fauna by Morimoto et al. 2015 are not included); note that the vast majority of species was named in the XIX century followed by a remarkable decline.
FIGURE 4 in Flightless Catapionus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) in Southwest China survive the Holocene trapped on mountaintops: new species, unknown phylogeny and clogging taxonomy
FIGURE 4. Catapionus mopsus sp. n., female, Mt. Haba, specimen 4584, paratype. A–D: habitus; E: sternites 9; F: sternite 8; G; spermatheca.
FIGURE 3 in Flightless Catapionus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) in Southwest China survive the Holocene trapped on mountaintops: new species, unknown phylogeny and clogging taxonomy
FIGURE 3. Catapionus mopsus sp. n., male, Mt. Haba, specimen 5402, holotype. A–D: habitus; E–G: aedeagus and parameres; H: sternites 8 and 9.
Mean survival rate and their temporal environmental (process) variance for 93 species of vertebrates
<p><span>Current environmental changes may increase temporal variability of life-history traits of species, which can significantly affect their long-term population growth rate and their extinction risk. There is a need to estimate environmental variance of life-history traits (EV) and to examine whether there is a general relationship between EV and average survival rate that can be used as a guideline for analyses of population growth and extinction risk for populations where only information about mean survival is available. For this purpose we present a comprehensive compilation of 285 EV estimates from 93 species belonging to five vertebrate taxa (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish) covering mean survival rates from 0.01 to 0.98. Since variances are dependent on the mean and tightly constrained for lower and upper mean survival rates, we assessed whether any observed relationship persisted after applying two types of variance stabilizing transformations: relativized EVs (observed / mathematical maximum) and logit scaled EVs. With raw EVs at the arithmetic scale, mean-variance relationships of survival rates and their EVs were hump-shaped with small EVs at low and high survival rates, and higher (and widely variable) EVs at intermediate survival rates. When mean survival rates were related to relativized EVs the hump-shaped pattern remained albeit less distinct than for raw EVs, but when transforming EVs to logit scale the pattern of the relationship between mean survival rates and their EVs largely disappeared. </span></p>
Fig. 2 in Survival and Time of Development forCreophilus maxillosus(L.) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) at Three Constant Temperatures
Fig. 2. Mortality (%) per life stage of Creophilus maxillosus reared at three constant temperatures, 16 (n = 323),
Fig. 1 in Survival and Time of Development forCreophilus maxillosus(L.) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) at Three Constant Temperatures
Fig. 1. Comparison of egg eclosion rates for Creophilus maxillosus reared at A) 16°C (n = 135), B) 24°C (n = 333), and C) 32°C (n = 659), 50% RH, and 12:12 hour L:D photoperiod. Seven outliers were removed for graphing purposes, including: 16°C (291 hours), 24°C (148 hours), and 32°C (114–121 hours).
Fig. 3. Creophilus maxillosus pupae. A in Survival and Time of Development forCreophilus maxillosus(L.) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) at Three Constant Temperatures
Fig. 3. Creophilus maxillosus pupae. A) Reared at 32°C, third-instar exuvia partially attached ventrally, lateral view, B) Reared at 24°C, ventral view.
Fig. 4 in Fecundity And Offspring Survival Of Copris Tripartitus Waterhouse (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) Under Laboratory Rearing Conditions
Fig. 4. Pronotal size of C. tripartitus new adults emerged from brood balls. 1) Without maternal care; 2) with care.
Fig. 3. Copris tripartitus new adult weight from brood balls. 1 in Fecundity And Offspring Survival Of Copris Tripartitus Waterhouse (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) Under Laboratory Rearing Conditions
Fig. 3. Copris tripartitus new adult weight from brood balls. 1) cared for; 2) not cared by for by females.
Fig. 2 in Fecundity And Offspring Survival Of Copris Tripartitus Waterhouse (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) Under Laboratory Rearing Conditions
Fig. 2. Total percentage of offspring survival from egg to adult stage in brood balls cared for by C. tripartitus females. L1, L2, L3, first, second and third instar larva. P, pupa. A, adult.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.