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3,761 results for “phylogenetic relationships”
Figure 3. Synaptolaemus cingulatus, AMNH 91095, 78 in Phylogenetic relationships within the South American fish family Anostomidae (Teleostei, Ostariophysi, Characiformes)
Figure 3. Synaptolaemus cingulatus, AMNH 91095, 78 mm SL; Venezuela, Bolivar, Río Paraguay, at Carapo Rapids, just upriver of mouth of Río Carapo; lateral view.
Figure 5 in Phylogenetic relationships within the South American fish family Anostomidae (Teleostei, Ostariophysi, Characiformes)
Figure 5. Strict consensus of 1312 most parsimonious trees generated in PAUP* with branches of zero maximum length collapsed and all characters unordered. Repeated analysis with branches of zero minimum branch length collapsed and/or multistate characters ordered yielded the same consensus topology. Each of the most parsimonious trees has length = 529, CI = 0.425 and = 0.805. Numbers above nodes indicate Bremer support values, numbers below nodes indicate bootstrap percentages. The letter C indicates where the Citharinidae and Distichodontidae were constrained to cluster via their joint designation as a monophyletic root.
Figure 5 in Phylogenetic relationships among Rhacophorinae (Rhacophoridae, Anura, Amphibia), with an emphasis on the Chinese species
Figure 5. Bayesian inference tree inferred from the combined dataset, with Buergeria defined as the outgroup. Only Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) of above 50% are given. Locality sites for individuals from different populations are given in parentheses.
Figure 2 in Phylogenetic relationships among Rhacophorinae (Rhacophoridae, Anura, Amphibia), with an emphasis on the Chinese species
Figure 2. Saturation plot of pairwise transitions and transversions against the uncorrected proportional sequence divergences (P distances) for the concatenated data set.
Figure 3 in Phylogenetic relationships among Rhacophorinae (Rhacophoridae, Anura, Amphibia), with an emphasis on the Chinese species
Figure 3. The consensus topology resulted from maximum parsimony (MP) analysis based on the combined data set, with Buergeria defined as the outgroup. The MP support values (1000 bootstrap replicates) of above 50% and the corresponding decay indices are given. Locality sites for individuals from different populations are given in parentheses.
Figure 1 in Phylogenetic relationships among Rhacophorinae (Rhacophoridae, Anura, Amphibia), with an emphasis on the Chinese species
Figure 1. Collection sites of samples. 1, Hainan; 2, Simao; 3, Menglun; 4, Jingdong; 5, Wenshan; 6, Jinping; 7, Jinxiu; 8, Pingbian; 9, Xichang; 10, Hongya; 11, Yongde; 12, Lvchun; 13, Hekou; 14, Nanjian; 15, Gongshan; 16, Zhaotong; 17, Banna; 18, Longling.
Figures 18–21 in Phylogenetic relationships and the larval head of the lower Cyclorrhapha (Diptera)
Figures 18–21. Final-stage larva of Lonchaea fugax Becker, 1895 (Lonchaeidae): 18, head skeleton and pseudocephalon, lateral view, anterior end to the right; 19, head skeleton, dorsal view, anterior end to the right, 20, apex of head skeleton, ventral view; 21, head, ventral view. Abbreviations: a, antenna; bs, basal sclerite; c, cirri; cl, cephalic lobe; db, dorsal bridge; dc, dorsal cornu; ep, epipharyngeal plate; m, mandible; mo, maxillary organs; lb, labium (= posterior labial rods); lbr, labial bridge; lo, labial lobe; lp, labial plate; lr, labrum; ls, labial sclerite (= anterior labial rod); pro, prothorax; ps, pseudocephalon; sd, salivary duct; vc, ventral cornu; vpr, ventral pharyngeal ridges (= cibarial ridges),
Figures 15–17 in Phylogenetic relationships and the larval head of the lower Cyclorrhapha (Diptera)
Figures 15–17. Final-stage larva of Eumerus funeralis Meigen, 1822 (Eristalinae, Syrphidae): 15, head skeleton and pseudocephalon, lateral view, anterior end to the right; 16, apex of head skeleton, ventral view, anterior end to the right, 17, apex of head, ventral view. Abbreviations: a, antennomaxillary process; bs, basal sclerite; c, cirri; db, dorsal bridge; dc, dorsal cornu; dl, dorsal lip; e, epicondyle; ep, epipharyngeal plate; gm, grinding mill; lb, labium (= posterior labial rods); lbr, labial bridge; llo, labial lobe; lpl, labial plate; lr, labrum; ls, labial sclerite; m, mouthook; ma, mandibular apodeme; ml, mandibular lobe; pr, projection supporting antennomaxillary organs; pro, prothorax; ps, pseudocephalon; sd, salivary duct; vc, ventral cornu.
Figures 7–11 in Phylogenetic relationships and the larval head of the lower Cyclorrhapha (Diptera)
Figures 7–11. Final-stage larva of Melanderomyia kahli (Kessel, 1960): 7, head, lateral view; 8, head skeleton, lateral view, anterior end to the right, minus mandibles; 9, head skeleton, ventral view, anterior end to the left with mandibles; 10, head, apical view, 11, head skeleton, ventral view, anterior end to the right. Abbreviations: a, antenna; as, prothoracic spiracle; d, dorsal connection of pseudocephalon; dc, dorsal cornu; e, epicondyle; lb, labium; lr, labrum; m, mandible; mo, mouth; mp, maxillary palp; pro, prothorax; ps, pseudocephalon; vc, ventral cornu; vpr, ventral pharyngeal ridges (= cibarial ridges).
Figures 5–6 in Phylogenetic relationships and the larval head of the lower Cyclorrhapha (Diptera)
Figures 5–6. Final-stage larva of Lonchoptera lutea Panzer, 1809 (Lonchopteridae): 5, head, apicodorsal view; 6, head, lateral view, anterior end to the left. Abbreviations: a, antenna; as, anterior spiracle; bs, basal sclerite; cup, cuticular projections; dc, dorsal cornu; ep, epipharynx; fu, furrow; lb, labium, anterior rods; lr, labrum; m, mandible; mo, mouth; mp, maxillary palp; pb, parastomal bar; pro, prothorax; ps, pseudocephalon; sd, salivary duct; t, triangular lobes; vc, ventral cornu; vpr, ventral pharyngeal ridges (= cibarial ridges).
Figures 12–14 in Phylogenetic relationships and the larval head of the lower Cyclorrhapha (Diptera)
Figures 12–14. Final-stage larva of Microdon mutabilis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Microdontinae, Syrphidae); 12, head skeleton and pseudocephalon, lateral view, anterior end to the right; 13, apex of head skeleton, ventral view, anterior end to the right, 14, apex of head skeleton, dorsal view, anterior end to the right. Abbreviations: a, antennomaxillary process; bs, basal sclerite; db, dorsal bridge; dc, dorsal cornu; ep, epipharyngeal plate; lb, labium; lbr, labial bridge; lpa, labial plate; lr, labrum; ls, labial sclerite (= anterior labial rods); m, mandible; ma, mandibular apodeme; ps, pseudocephalon; sd, salivary duct; vc, ventral cornu.
Figures 1–4 in Phylogenetic relationships and the larval head of the lower Cyclorrhapha (Diptera)
Figures 1–4. Head skeleton of final-stage larva of Rhagio scolopaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rhagionidae): 1, head skeleton, lateral view, anterior end to the left; 2, apex of the tentorial phragma showing attachment of labrum; 3, apex with labrum and labium; 4, apex with labrum, labium, and maxillomandibles. Abbreviations: a, antenna; lb, labium; lp, labial palp; lr, labrum; m, mandible, basal sclerite; mb, mandibular brush; mh, mouthook, apical sclerite; mo, mouth; mp, maxillary palp; mr, metacephalic rods; ms, maxillary sheath for the mouthook; mx, maxilla; p, pseudocephalon, anterior limit; sd, salivary duct; t, tentorial phragma; tr, tentorial rods.
Figures 22–23 in Phylogenetic relationships and the larval head of the lower Cyclorrhapha (Diptera)
Figures 22–23. Final-stage larva of Physocephala sp. (Conopidae): 22, head skeleton, lateral view, anterior end to the right; 23, apex of head, ventral view. Abbreviations: bs, basal sclerite; db, dorsal bridge; c, cirri; dc, dorsal cornu; ep, epipharyngeal plate; m, mandible; mo, mouth; lb, labium (= posterior labial rods); lbr, labial bridge; lp, labial plate; lr, labrum; ls, labial sclerite (= anterior labial rod); ps, pseudocephalon; sd, salivary duct; vc, ventral cornu.
Figure 12 in Revision of the cranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of the Eocene minute boas Messelophis variatus and Messelophis ermannorum (Serpentes, Booidea)
Figure 12. Palatine bone of Messelophis ermannorum (SMF ME 11426) coated with ammonium chloride (A), and three-dimensional reconstruction of the palatomaxillary bar components of the boid Chilabothrus striatus based on HRXCT data (B). Scale bars: 2 mm. Abbreviations: anp, anterior (dentigerous) process; chp, choanal process; mfp, medial foot process; mx, maxilla; mxp, maxillary process; pap, palatine process; pt, pterygoid.
Figure 18 in Revision of the cranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of the Eocene minute boas Messelophis variatus and Messelophis ermannorum (Serpentes, Booidea)
Figure 18. Caudal anatomy of Messel minute boas: A, lateral view of a string of eight postcloacal (probably medial) vertebrae of the holotype specimen of Messelophis variatus (SMF ME 1828 a+b); B, ventrolateral view of postcloacal vertebrae of the paratype specimen of Messelophis ermannorum (HLMD-Me 7915), coated with ammonium chloride. Arrows indicate the position of ventral protuberances. Not to scale. Abbreviations: ha, haemapophysis, pla, pleuroapophysis.
Figure 11 in Revision of the cranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of the Eocene minute boas Messelophis variatus and Messelophis ermannorum (Serpentes, Booidea)
Figure 11. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the palatomaxillary bar components of the paratype specimen of Messelophis ermannorum (HLMD-Me 7915) based on HRXCT data. Scale bar equals 2 mm. Abbreviations: a, articular surface for the ectopterygoid; af, anterior medial foramen; cb, compound bone; fr, frontal; laf, labial foramen; lp, anterolateral prong; mp; anteromedial prong; mx, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pfr, prefrontal; pmx, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pot, prootic; pap, palatine process; qr, quadrate ramus; saf, foramen for the superior alveolar nerve; smx, septomaxilla; so, supraoccipital.
Figure 9 in Revision of the cranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of the Eocene minute boas Messelophis variatus and Messelophis ermannorum (Serpentes, Booidea)
Figure 9. Three-dimensional reconstruction of rostral region of paratype specimen of Messelophis ermannorum based on HRXCT data: dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of premaxilla; dorsal (C) and ventral (D) view of nasals; dorsal (E) and ventral (F) views of right septomaxilla. Scale bar: 2 mm. Abbreviations: a, articular area of the nasal with frontal; ap, ascending process of the premaxilla; ca, contact area with prefrontal; cm, contact margin of the nasal with prefrontal; fr, frontal; hl, dorsal (horizontal) lamina of nasal; jc, anterior wall of the cavity housing Jacobson's organ; mx, maxilla; n, nasal; pdp, posterior dorsal process of septomaxilla; pfr, prefrontal; pmx, premaxilla; smx, septomaxilla; tp, transverse process of premaxilla; vf, medial (vertical) flange of nasal; vp, vomerine process of premaxilla.
Figure 7 in Revision of the cranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of the Eocene minute boas Messelophis variatus and Messelophis ermannorum (Serpentes, Booidea)
Figure 7. Lower jaw morphology of Messelophis variatus: A, lateral view of the right dentary of the holotype specimen SMF ME 1828 a+b; B, medial view of the right lower jaw in the embedded side of the specimen SMF ME 1828 a+b; C, lateral view of the right compound bone of specimen SMF ME 958 b. Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviations: an, angular, cb, compound bone; co, coronoid; d, dentary; mf, mental foramen; sc, surangular crest; sf, anterior surangular foramen; sp, splenial; sup, surangular process.
Figure 17 in Revision of the cranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of the Eocene minute boas Messelophis variatus and Messelophis ermannorum (Serpentes, Booidea)
Figure 17. Maximum-parsimony cladograms of snake relationships depicting the placement of Messel minute boas: A, strict consensus of the eight trees obtained (tree length, L = 456) based on osteological characters; B, most parsimonious tree (L = 6332) based on the combined analysis of morphological, mitochondrial, and nuclear data partitions. Bootstrap (above) and Bremer support (below) values for each node are indicated. Note the position of Messelophis variatus and Messelophis ermannorum (in blue) nested into the boid clade in both cladograms.
Figure 4 in Revision of the cranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of the Eocene minute boas Messelophis variatus and Messelophis ermannorum (Serpentes, Booidea)
Figure 4. Dorsal view of left prefrontal (A), right postorbital (B), and right ectopterygoid of Messelophis variatus (AMNH FARB 30650). D, dorsolateral view of left preorbital region of Boa constrictor based on HRXCT data. E, dorsal view of right postorbital region of Ungaliophis continentalis based on HRXCT data. F, dorsal view of the right palatomaxillary arch of Ungaliophis continentalis (three-dimensional cutaway view based on HRXCT data). For Messelophis panels, scale bars equal 1 mm, the others are not to scale. Abbreviations: ec, ectopterygoid; fr, frontal; la, dorsal lappet; ld, lacrimal duct; lf, lateral foot process; ll, lateral lamina of prefrontal; ll-dl, undifferentiated lateral and dorsal lamina of prefrontal; lp, anterolateral prong; mfp, medial foot process; mp, anteromedial prong; mx, maxilla; n, nasal; ol, outer orbital lobe; p, parietal; pfr, prefrontal; pl, palatine; po, postorbital; pt, pterygoid.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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