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4,489 results for “transitivity”
Data from: Size and density mediate transitions between competition and facilitation
Species simultaneously compete with and facilitate one another. Size can mediate transitions along this competition-facilitation continuum, but the consequences for demography are unclear. We orthogonally manipulated the size of a focal species, and the size and density of a heterospecific neighbour, in the field using a model marine system. We then parameterised a size-structured population model with our experimental data. We found that heterospecific size and density interactively altered the population dynamics of the focal species. Size determined whether heterospecifics facilitated (when small) or competed with (when large) the focal species, while density strengthened these interactions. These size-mediated interactions also altered the pace of the focal's life history. We provide the first demonstration that size and density mediate competition and facilitation from a population dynamical perspective. We suspect such effects are ubiquitous, but currently underappreciated. We reiterate classic cautions against inferences about competitive hierarchies made in the absence of size-specific data.
Data from: Seed to seedling transitions in successional habitats across a tropical landscape
Recognition that tree recruitment depends on the balance between seed arrival and seedling survival has led to a surge of interest in seed-dispersal limitation and seedling-establishment limitation in primary forests. Virtually unaddressed are comparisons of this balance in mature and early successional habitats. We assessed seed rain and seedling recruitment dynamics of tree species in primary forest, secondary forest and pasture released from grazing in a tropical agricultural landscape. Seed to seedling ratios (seed effectiveness; Φi) for 43 species in southern Mexico determined differences in the extent to which seeds produced seedlings by habitat, life history, and dispersal mode. Reproductive potential as estimated by the transition from seed rain to seedling recruitment, differed by habitats, and varied dramatically by life history and dispersal mode. Expected recruit densities (Eit) were higher for animal-dispersed than wind-dispersed species, and for non-pioneer than pioneer species. Non-pioneers and animal-dispersed species had higher expected relative recruit abundance (εit) in primary forest (median of 4 seeds recruit−1) whereas in secondary forest wind-dispersed pioneers had the highest expected relative recruit abundance (median of 16 seeds per recruit). In pastures, wind-dispersed pioneer species were most successful with many more seeds per recruit (median of 291) than both forest habitats. Seeds per recruit (Φi) appeared to decrease with increase in seed mass for 43 species for which data were available (r = –0.55, P < 0.001). This was associated with a negative correlation of Φi with seed size in primary forest (r = –0.50, P = 0.08 for 13 species); Φi was not correlated with seed size in secondary forest (n = 16) or pasture (n = 14). Metrics of seeds per recruit, expected recruit density and expected relative recruit abundance dramatically illustrate differences in barriers to recruitment in successional habitats.
Data from: Comparative analyses of reproductive structures in harvestmen (Opiliones) reveal multiple transitions from courtship to precopulatory antagonism
Explaining the rapid, species-specific diversification of reproductive structures and behaviors is a long-standing goal of evolutionary biology, with recent research tending to attribute reproductive phenotypes to the evolutionary mechanisms of female mate choice or intersexual conflict. Progress in understanding these and other possible mechanisms depends, in part, on reconstructing the direction, frequency and relative timing of phenotypic evolution of male and female structures in species-rich clades. Here we examine evolution of reproductive structures in the leiobunine harvestmen or "daddy long-legs" of eastern North America, a monophyletic group that includes species in which males court females using nuptial gifts and other species that are equipped for apparent precopulatory antagonism (i.e., males with long, hardened penes and females with sclerotized pregenital barriers). We used parsimony- and Bayesian likelihood-based analyses to reconstruct character evolution in categorical reproductive traits and found that losses of ancestral gift-bearing penile sacs are strongly associated with gains of female pregenital barriers. In most cases, both events occur on the same internal branch of the phylogeny. These coevolutionary changes occurred at least four times, resulting in clade-specific designs in the penis and pregenital barrier. The discovery of convergent origins and/or enhancements of apparent precopulatory antagonism among closely related species offers an unusual opportunity to investigate how major changes in reproductive morphology have occurred. We propose new hypotheses that attribute these enhancements to changes in ecology or life history that reduce the duration of breeding seasons, an association that is consistent with female choice, sexual conflict, and/or an alternative evolutionary mechanism.
EPIC212521166: a transiting planet candidate discovered in Campaign 6 data from the K2 Mission
<p>In the process of visually inspecting a random selection of targets with Kepler magnitude Kp<12 from K2 campaign 6, we identified EPIC 212521166 as a transiting planet candidate. </p> <p>The figure shows the K2 light curve of this object. The top and bottom panels show the SAP and PDC versions of the light curve, respectively. Both have been normalised by dividing them by their median, and only observations with null quality flag are shown.</p> <p> </p>
Dataset of some transition state problems solved with a deterministic global optimization method.
<p>Data of all solutions found for each problem and data for each (iterations vs open nodes) graph.<br /> </p>
Dataset for the paper "A catalyst layer optimisation approach using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for PEM fuel cells operated with pyrolysed transition metal-N-C catalysts", J Power Sources, 2016, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.035
<p>Data file for paper:"A catalyst layer optimisation approach using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for PEM fuel cells operated with pyrolysed transition metal-N-C catalysts"</p> <p>Daniel Malko, Thiago Lopes, Edson A. Ticianelli, Anthony Kucernak</p> <p>Journal of Power Sources, 2016</p> <p>DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.035</p> <p>Please cite the above paper if you use this data</p>
Peerless results: The population of long-period transiting exoplanets
<p>The results from the submitted paper: "The population of long-period transiting exoplanets" by Foreman-Mackey et al. (2016)</p>
FIGURES 266–268. The South American transition zone. 266 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 266–268. The South American transition zone. 266, the Neotropical and Ando-Patagonian regions; 267, high Andean Nepticulidae species were described from two biogeographical provinces: the Páramo and Puna; 268, The South American transition zone (after Morrone 2014, 2015) which, following Morrone (2015), includes the Páramo, Puna, Nazca (or Desert sensu Morrone 2015), Atacama, Prepuna and Monte provinces but in our monograph was considered as belonging to the Ando-Patagonian Region (the Andean region sensu Morrone 2015).
FIGURES 12–21 in Giesbertiolus curoei, a new species of flower chafer from Panama with transitional characters (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Trichiini)
FIGURES 12–21. Drawings of diagnostic structures of the genera Giesbertiolus and Dialithus. 12–14) Pronotum of: 12) G. curoei, 13) G. ornatus, 14) D. magnificus. 15–17) Metatibia and metatarsi of: 15) D. magnificus, 16) G. curoei, 17) G. ornatus. 18–19) Protibia and protarsus of: 18) G. curoei, 19) D. magnificus. 20–21) Metasternum and mesometasternal process of: 20) G. curoei, 21) D. magnificus. Scale line 2 mm.
FIGURES 1–11 in Giesbertiolus curoei, a new species of flower chafer from Panama with transitional characters (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Trichiini)
FIGURES 1–11. Photographs of diagnostic structures of the genera Giesbertiolus and Dialithus. 1–3) Dorsal habitus of: 1) G. ornatus, 2) G. curoei, 3) D. magnificus. 4–6) pygidial and anal plate of: 4) G. ornatus, 5) G. curoei, 6) D. magnificus. 7–9) Head of: 7) G. ornatus, 8) G. c u ro e i, 9) D. magnificus. 10–11) Lateral view of: 10) G. curoei, 11) D. magnificus. Scale line 2 mm.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Onthophagus (Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeinae) from the Mexican Transition Zone, with remarks on its relationships and distribution
FIGURE 4. Onthophagus bolivari male genitalia: a) aedeagus, lateral view; b) accessory lamellae, c) Lamella copulatrix, d) secondary copulatory lamella.
FIGURES 38–68. 38–46 in Host plant shifts and transitions into new adaptive zones in leafhoppers: the example of Macropsinae (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) of Russia and adjacent countries
FIGURES 38–68. 38–46—pygofer processes of Macropsidius spp., 47–51—same, Hephathus spp., 52–61—penis of Macropsidius spp. (52, 54, 56, 58, and 60—dorsal view, 53, 55, 57, 59, and 61—lateral view), 62–68—Macropsidius spp., dorsal view of a body. 38–40—M. involutus Dlab., 41–42—M. compactus Mit., 43–44 and 54–55—M. abrotani Em., 45–46 and 67–68—M. niger (Mats.), 47–48—H. nanus (H.-S.), 49–51—H. freyi (Fieb.), 52–53 and 62—M. duuschulus Dlab., 56– 57—M. kalbensis Mit., 58–59—M. maculatus Mit., 60–61—M. mitjaevi Tish., 63–64—M. valiturus Dlab., 65–66—M. kopetdagicus Tish.
FIGURES 2–37 in Host plant shifts and transitions into new adaptive zones in leafhoppers: the example of Macropsinae (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) of Russia and adjacent countries
FIGURES 2–37. Different species-groups of the genus Macropsis. 2–7—oak-feeding species, group 1 (2–3—dorsal view of a body, 4—male 8 th sternite, 5–6—male pygofer processes, 7—penis, lateral view); 8–18—species feeding on Salicaceae, group 2 (8–9—dorsal view of a body, 10—male pygofer process, 11–12—penis, lateral view, 13–18—male 2 nd tergal apodemes); 19– 21—species feeding on Ulmus, group 3 (19–20—male 2 nd tergal apodemes, 21—penis, lateral view); 22–24—species feeding on Spiraea, group 4 (22–23—male 2 nd tergal apodemes, 24—end of style); 25–32—species feeding on Rosa, Berberis, Elaeagnus and Populus from the subgenus Turanga, groups 6, 7, 9, and 10 (25, 27, 29, and 31—penis, lateral view, 26, 28, 30, and 32—end of style); 33–35—species feeding on Berberis, group 7 (33–34—male 2 nd tergal apodemes, 35—lateral view of a body); 36–37—species feeding on Populus from the subgenus Turanga, group 10 (male 2 nd tergal apodemes). 2, 6, and 7—M. irenae Virakt., 3–5—M. matsumurana China, 8—M. leporina Tish., 9–11 and 15—M. viridobrunnea Dlab., 12 and 18—M. ocellata Prov., 13—M. vicina (Horv.), 14—M. validiuscula Dub., 16—M. impura (Boh.), 17—M. iliensis Mit., 19 and 21—M. illota (Horv.), 20—M. glandacea (Fieb.), 22 and 24—M. sibirica Kuzn., 23—M. brunnescens Vilb., 25–26—M. formosa Dub., 27–28, 33, and 35—M. berberidicola Dub., 29–30—M. elaeagni Em., 31–32 and 36–37—M. scabrosa Kor., 34—M. berberidis Dub.
FIGURES 69–71 in Host plant shifts and transitions into new adaptive zones in leafhoppers: the example of Macropsinae (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) of Russia and adjacent countries
FIGURES 69–71. Possible ways of distribution of some groups of Macropsinae in Palaearctic. 1—species-groups of Macropsis feeding on East Asian Quercus spp. and on Salicaceae; 2―species-groups of Macropsis feeding on Ulmus spp., Rosa spp., Berberis integerrima, Elaeagnus spp., Hippophae rhamnoides, and desert poplars from the subgenus Turanga; 3―Macropsidius.
ROMtels Enquiry4 Transitions apps media package
<p>Zip file with images needed for apps used in ROMtels Enquiry 4 Transitions, including media credits list to show Creative Commons or other attribution for each image. </p> <p>These images are used to customise the apps in the ROMtels software package (https://zenodo.org/record/269642#.WNJoboOLSUk). We encourage teachers to also use them as standalone apps. </p> <p>More information about ROMtels enquiries, including user guides and an overview of this enquiry: http://research.ncl.ac.uk/romtels/resources/tech/ </p>
ROMtels Enquiry 4 Transitions video package
<p>Zip file with all video clips needed for ROMtels Enquiry 4 Transitions.</p> <p>These videos were designed to be used with our free ROMtels software package (https://zenodo.org/record/269642#.WNJoboOLSUk). We encourage teachers to also use them as standalone videos. </p> <p>More information about ROMtels enquiries, including user guides and an overview of this enquiry: http://research.ncl.ac.uk/romtels/resources/tech/ </p>
ROMtels video package - Enquiry 3 Transitions
<p>ROMtels Enquiry 4 Transitions video package</p> <p>Smith, Heather</p> <p> </p> <p>Zip file with all video clips needed for ROMtels Enquiry 3 Minibeasts.</p> <p>These videos were designed to be used with our free ROMtels software package (https://zenodo.org/record/269642#.WNJoboOLSUk). We encourage teachers to also use them as standalone videos. </p> <p>More information about ROMtels enquiries, including user guides and an overview of this enquiry: http://research.ncl.ac.uk/romtels/resources/tech/ </p> <p> </p> <p>Preview</p>
Data for study of a transition Summer School in Mathematics
<p>This is a data set used for research in to the effect of a transitive Summer School</p>
FIGURE 9–13 in A new species of Miroculis Edmunds, 1963 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Cerrado-Amazonian forest transition zone, Brazil
FIGURE 9–13. Main structures of mature nymph of Miroculis yulieae sp. nov.: 9. Labrum; 10. Fore leg; 11. Mid leg; 12. Hind leg; 13. Gill.
FIGURE 5–8 in A new species of Miroculis Edmunds, 1963 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Cerrado-Amazonian forest transition zone, Brazil
FIGURE 5–8 Main structures of imago of Miroculis yulieae sp. nov.: 5. Fore wing of male; 6. Hind wing of male; 7. Genitalia of male; 8. IX sternum of female.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.