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Characterization and microsatellite marker development for Geosmithia obscura, a common bark and ambrosia beetle associate
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Background. </span></strong><span>S</span><span>ymbioses between <em>Geosmithia</em> fungi and </span><span>wood-boring and bark beetles</span><span> seldom result in disease induction within the plant host. Yet exceptions exist such as <em>Geosmithia</em> <em>morbida</em>, the causal agent of Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) of walnuts and wingnuts and <em>Geosmithia</em> sp. 41, the causal agent of Foamy Bark Canker disease of oaks. Isolates of<em> G. obscura </em>were recovered from black walnut trees in eastern Tennessee and<em> </em>at least one isolate induced cankers following artificial inoculation. Due to the putative pathogenicity and lack of recovery of <em>G. obscura </em>from natural lesions, a molecular diagnostic screening tool was developed using microsatellite markers mined from the <em>G. obscura </em>genome.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Results. </span></strong><span>A total of 3,256 candidate microsatellite markers were identified (2236, 789, 137 di-, tri-, and tetra- motifs were identified, respectively), with 2011, 703, 101 di-, tri-, and tetra- motifs containing markers with primers. From these, 75 microsatellite markers were randomly selected, screened, and optimized, resulting in 28 polymorphic markers that yielded single, consistently recovered bands which were used in downstream analyses. Five of these microsatellite markers were found to be specific to <em>G. obscura </em>and did not cross-amplify into other, closely related species. Although the remaining tested markers could be useful, they cross-amplified within different <em>Geosmithia</em> species, making them not reliable for <em>G. obscura </em>detection.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Conclusion.</span></strong><span> Five novel microsatellite markers (GOBS9, GOBS10, GOBS41, GOBS43, GOBS50) were developed based on <em>G. obscura</em> genome. These species-specific microsatellite markers are available as a tool for use in molecular diagnostics and can assist future surveillance studies.</span></p>
Dataset- Barking up the right tree: Using tree bark to track airborne particles in school environment and link science to society
<p>Experimental data regarding magnetic properties measured in bio-sensors and air filters.</p> <p>Bio-sensors include tree bark samples, either collected in situ (courtyard tree bark) and exposed indoors-outdoors (bio-sensors) in the schools. Bio-sensors had their magnetic properties measured.</p> <p> PM1, EC and OC concentrations and SIRM measured on air filters.</p>
Weak population genetic structure in Eurasian spruce bark beetle over large regional scales in Sweden
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The Eurasian spruce bark beetle, <em>Ips typographus</em>, is a major pest, capable of killing spruce forests during large population outbreaks. Recorded dispersal distances of individual beetles are typically within hundreds of meters or a few </span>kilometres<span>. However, the connectivity between populations at larger distances and longer time spans and how this is affected by the habitat is less studied, despite its importance for understanding at which distances local outbreaks may spread. Previous population genetic studies in <em>I. typographus </em>typically used low resolution markers. Here, we use genome-wide data to assess population structure and connectivity of<em> I. typographus </em>in Sweden. We used 152 individuals from 19 population samples, distributed over 830 km from Strömsund (63º 46' 8'' N) in the north to Nyteboda (56º 8'</span> <span>50'' N) in the south, to capture processes at a large regional scale, and a transect sampling design adjacent to a recent outbreak to capture processes at a smaller scale (76 km). Using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) markers capturing 1409-1997 SNPs throughout the genome, we document a weak genetic structure over the large scale, potentially indicative of high connectivity with extensive gene flow. No differentiation was detected at the smaller scale. We find indications of isolation-by-distance both for relative (F<sub>ST</sub>) and absolute divergence (Dxy). The two northernmost populations are most differentiated from the remaining populations, and diverge in parallel to the southern populations for a set of outlier loci. In conclusion, the population structure of <em>I. typographus </em>in Sweden is weak, suggesting a high capacity to disperse and establish outbreak populations in new territories.</span></p>
Fig. 9 in Microsculpture and chaetotaxy of abdominal tergites of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae): morphology and nomenclature
Fig. 9. Elements of chaetom and microsculpture of abdominal tergites of Scolytinae. a –
Fig. 8 in Microsculpture and chaetotaxy of abdominal tergites of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae): morphology and nomenclature
Fig. 8. Elements of chaetom and microsculpture of abdominal tergites of Scolytinae. a –
Fig. 11 in Microsculpture and chaetotaxy of abdominal tergites of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae): morphology and nomenclature
Fig. 11. Microscuptural fields and chaetom of Scolytinae (glass slides). a – Camptocerus
Figs 1–7 in Microsculpture and chaetotaxy of abdominal tergites of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae): morphology and nomenclature
Figs 1–7. Microscuptural fields and chaetom elements of Scolytinae. 1, 6 – Hylurgus
Fig. 10 in Microsculpture and chaetotaxy of abdominal tergites of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae): morphology and nomenclature
Fig. 10. Different setae of tergite 7 of Scolytinae. n – feathery furcate; d – feathery; a –
Reciprocal bark exchange helps to disentangle tree species dependent bark and wood trait effects on invertebrate diversity
<p>1. Previous studies showed that bark cover at early-decay stage had profound control on the invertebrate assemblages of bark and wood, with possible consequence for the decomposition process. However, previous experimental designs could not disentangle how bark versus wood traits affect the invertebrate assemblage process in bark and/or wood separately because wood traits of different tree species may vary independently from bark traits. Furthermore, we do not know whether such tree species specific bark trait effects are still influential at mid-decay stage.</p> <p>2. To unravel whether and how bark and wood traits influence invertebrate communities in tree logs at mid-decay stage, we introduce reciprocal bark transplantation within pairs of different tree species as a new method. We applied this method to two pairs of phylogenetically contrasting species of gymnosperms (pair I: Araucaria araucana and Cryptomeria japonica, pair II: Picea abies and Thuja plicata) and another gymnosperm (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) set as disturbance control to test for potential bark manipulation artefacts on invertebrate community composition.</p> <p>3. Our bark exchange experiment revealed that both bark and wood host abundant and divergent subsets of invertebrates on mid-decay logs of different tree species. We further documented that the invertebrate community composition was predominantly shaped by the traits of host tissue per se, while also being significantly but less strongly affected by the traits of the other tissue, i.e. the adjacent bark or wood. Our results indicated that bark trait effects faded with time and how long bark trait effects persist greatly depends on bark thickness.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our study suggests that maintaining deadwood heterogeneity related to variation between tree species, and to bark versus wood, is important for nursing a large biodiversity of invertebrates. Combined with bark removal methodology, our bark exchange method can be further extended to more decay stages and more forest biomes to track bark trait effects and bark induced priority effects on deadwood decomposition, and its associated invertebrate and microbial communities.</p>
Host preference of a tree-killing bark beetle across a geographic boundary separating host species
<p><span>The life cycles of bark beetles are intimately linked to their host species. Therefore, bark beetle species are expected to show traits that vary among different host species and across geographic ranges. The taxonomic proximity of host tree species can also influence host selection. <em>Abies</em> species native to Japan are genetically classified into three phylogenetic groups. Their natural distributions are separated by a </span><span>distinct biogeographic boundary in Japan (i.e. the Tsugaru Strait, also referred to as Blakiston's Line)</span><span>. Especially, <em>A. sachalinensis</em> is the only species native to Hokkaido, north of the </span><span>Tsugaru Strait</span><span>. I, therefore, investigated the host preference of <em>Polygraphus proximus</em> Blandford within four allopatrically distributed <em>Abies</em> species across the north and south of the Tsugaru Strait</span> <span>through field surveys and field choice experiments</span><span>.</span> <span>Field observations and field host-choice bioassays showed that <em>A. sachalinensis</em> was less severely attacked by <em>P. proximus</em> than was <em>A. veitchii</em> on both sides of the Tsugaru Strait.</span><span> The beetles also </span><span>preferred to attack <em>A. firma</em> (which </span><span>belongs to a genetically distinct group (i.e., the section <em>Momi</em>) from that of <em>A. veitchii</em> and <em>A. sachalinensis</em> (i.e., the section <em>Balsamea</em>)), over </span><em><span>A</span></em><span><em>. sachalinensis</em> in both Hokkaido and Honshu</span><span>. Although </span><em><span><span>A</span><span>.</span></span><span>homolepis</span></em><span> also belongs to the section <em>Momi</em>,</span> <em><span>A</span></em><span><em>. firma</em> and </span><em><span>A</span></em><span><em>. veitchii</em> had more attacks t</span><span>han </span><em><span><span><span>A</span><span>. </span></span><span>homolepis</span></span></em>. <span>Th</span><span>e res</span><span>ults provide evidence that </span><em><span>P</span><span>. proximus</span></em><span> does not show specialization across the different parts of their geographic range where the host species are different, and there is no positive correlation between taxonomic proximity and host preference for </span><em><span>P</span><span>. proximus</span></em><span>.</span></p>
Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) - bark - of a small tree or small branch
Image of Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) - bark - of a small tree or small branch
Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) - bark - of a small tree or small branch
Image of Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) - bark - of a small tree or small branch
Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) - bark - of a large tree
Image of Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) - bark - of a large tree
Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) - bark - of a large tree
Image of Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) - bark - of a large tree
Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) - bark - of a large tree
Image of Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) - bark - of a large tree
Cornus (Cornaceae) - bark - of a medium tree or large branch
Image of Cornus (Cornaceae) - bark - of a medium tree or large branch
Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) - bark - of a medium tree or large branch
Image of Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) - bark - of a medium tree or large branch
Cornus (Cornaceae) - bark - of a small tree or small branch
Image of Cornus (Cornaceae) - bark - of a small tree or small branch
Cornus (Cornaceae) - bark - of a medium tree or large branch
Image of Cornus (Cornaceae) - bark - of a medium tree or large branch
Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) - bark - of a medium tree or large branch
Image of Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) - bark - of a medium tree or large branch
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.