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163 results for “Alligator”
FIGURE 8 in New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution
FIGURE 8. Representative thoracic vertebra of the Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688) in (clockwise from top left) anterior, posterior, right lateral, and left lateral views. Scale = 2 cm.
FIGURE 12 in New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution
FIGURE 12. Strict consensus of 25,106 most parsimonious cladograms of Alligatoridae with Bernissartia fagesii, Crocodylus niloticus, and Leidyosuchus canadensis, as outgroups (A. and B.). (C.) Plurality consensus (majority rule allowing less than 50 percent recovery) offers no clade support but does reflect the biostratigraphic record, illustrating the intermediate nature of Alligator hailensis in time and morphology (numbers represent percent clade recovery of most parsimonious cladograms).
FIGURE 2 in New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution
FIGURE 2. Holotype of Alligator hailensis (UF 224688) skull shown in dorsal view with interpretive line drawing below. Abbreviations are angular (a), dentary (d), frontal (f), jugal (j), lacrimal (l), maxilla (m), nasal (n), parietal (p), postorbital (po), prefrontal (pf), premaxilla (pm), quadrate (q), quadratojugal (qj), squamosal (sq), and surangular (sa). Scale = 4 cm.
FIGURE 1 in New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution
FIGURE 1. View of the Haile 7G quarry (with fossil excavation seen at left) and approximate location of Haile 7C and Haile 7G in Alachua County, North-central Florida (at right). Left image courtesy of S. C. Wallace.
FIGURE 7 in New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution
FIGURE 7. Occlusal view of left Alligator lower jaws showing the role of the splenial in lingual alveolar support. Alligator hailensis (UF 162517), top, shows extensive splenial support of the posterior toothrow, more than seven posterior alveoli (splenial outlined in white). The dentary alone provides most of the lingual toothrow in the derived condition seen in A. mississippiensis (ETMNH-Z 265), five posterior alveoli or less, bottom. Abbreviations are: dentary (d) and splenial (spl). Numbers refer to alveoli (counted from posterior to anterior). Scale = 2 cm.
FIGURE 13 in New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution
FIGURE 13. Occurrence of the three youngest Florida Alligator species. The early Pleistocene A. hailensis is intermediate between A. mefferdi (including A. cf. A. mefferdi indicated by dashed line, Snyder, 2007) and A. mississippiensis (Holman, 1995) both morphologically and temporally.
FIGURE 5 in New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution
FIGURE 5. Occipital region of Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688) in posterior view (top) and line drawing (bottom). Abbreviations are: basioccipital (bo), exoccipital (eo), foramen magnum (FM), parietal (p), posttemporal fenestra (PTF), squamosal (sq), and supraoccipital (so). Scale = 2 cm.
FIGURE 11. Coprolites from Haile 7C in New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution
FIGURE 11. Coprolites from Haile 7C (right, UF 162527, and top left, UF 162528) and Haile 7G (left middle, UF 310185, and left bottom, UF 310180) attributed to Alligator hailensis. Scale = 2 cm.
FIGURE 6 in New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution
FIGURE 6. Comparison of anterior portion of splenial in lingual view. (A.) Alligator mississippiensis (ETMNH-Z 265) showing absence of anterior foramen intermandibularis oralis (FIO, splenial outlined in red), (B.) A. sinensis (ETMNH-Z 6953) with anterior FIO present (splenial outlined in red), and (C.) A. hailensis (UF 162533) showing autapomorphic incompletely closed anterior FIO (preserved portion of splenial outlined in white). Scale in each = 2 cm.
FIGURE 4 in New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution
FIGURE 4. Ventral view of the Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688) skull during laboratory preparation. Inset enlargement and drawing shows suture between left palatine and pterygoid. Abbreviations are: palatine (pal), pterygoid (pt), and suborbital fenestra (SOF). Scale = 2 cm.
FIGURE 3 in New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution
FIGURE 3. Posterior skull fragment of Alligator hailensis in dorsal view (UF 294863). Abbreviations are frontal (f), jugal (j), lacrimal (l), parietal (p), postorbital (po), prefrontal (pf), squamosal (sq), and supratemporal fenestra (STF). Scale = 2 cm.
Data from: Joint histology in Alligator mississippiensis challenges the identification of synovial joints in fossil archosaurs and inferences of cranial kinesis
Archosaurs, like all vertebrates, have different types of joints that allow or restrict cranial kinesis, such as synovial joints and fibrous joints. In general, synovial joints are more kinetic than fibrous joints, because the former possess a fluid-filled cavity and articular cartilage that facilitate movement. Even though there is a considerable lack of data on the microstructure and the structure–function relationships in the joints of extant archosaurs, many functional inferences of cranial kinesis in fossil archosaurs have hinged on the assumption that elongated condylar joints are (i) synovial and/or (ii) kinetic. Cranial joint microstructure was investigated in an ontogenetic series of American alligators, Alligator mississippiensis. All the presumably synovial, condylar joints found within the head of the American alligator (the jaw joint, otic joint and laterosphenoid–postorbital (LS–PO) joint) were studied by means of paraffin histology and undecalcified histology paired with micro-computed tomography data to better visualize three-dimensional morphology. Results show that among the three condylar joints of A. mississippiensis, the jaw joint was synovial as expected, but the otherwise immobile otic and LS–PO joints lacked a synovial cavity. Therefore, condylar morphology does not always imply the presence of a synovial articulation nor mobility. These findings reveal an undocumented diversity in the joint structure of alligators and show that crocodylians and birds build novel, kinetic cranial joints differently. This complicates accurate identification of synovial joints and functional inferences of cranial kinesis in fossil archosaurs and tetrapods in general.
FIGURES 8–17 in Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné, 1955) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) a potential candidate for the biological control of alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Martius) Grisebach (Amaranthaceae): redescription of the adult, first description of immature stages, and biological notes
FIGURES 8–17. Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné) (8) Hind wing. (9) Metanotum. (10) Scutellum. (11) Metaleg, detail of metafemoral spring. (12) Metendosternite, dorsal view. (13) Mandible, external face. (14) Labrum, ventral view. (15) Labrum, dorsal view. (16) Maxilla, ventral view. (17) Labium, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, metanotal ridge a; AA, anal anterior vein; b2, metanotal ridge b2; c, metanotal ridge c; CuA, cubitoanal vein; CuA 3+4, cubito anal vein 3+4; d, metanotal ridge d; mg, median groove; MP 1-2, medial posterior vein 1-2; RA, radial vein; RP-MP2, radial posterior-medial posterior vein 2; SC, subcostal vein. Scale bars=: 0.1mm.
FIGURES 2–7 in Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné, 1955) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) a potential candidate for the biological control of alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Martius) Grisebach (Amaranthaceae): redescription of the adult, first description of immature stages, and biological notes
FIGURES 2–7. Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné) (2) Head, frontal view. (3) Head, lateral. (4) Mandible, external face. (5) Mandible, detail of mola. (6) Maxilla, ventral view. (7) Labium, dorsal view.
FIGURES 32–37 in Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné, 1955) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) a potential candidate for the biological control of alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Martius) Grisebach (Amaranthaceae): redescription of the adult, first description of immature stages, and biological notes
FIGURES 32–37. Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné), mature larvae (32) Habitus, lateral view. (33) Habitus, dorsal view. (34) Cephalic capsule, frontal view. (35) Cephalic capsule, lateral view. (36) labium and maxilla. (37) Mandible, dorsal view. Scale bars= 1mm.
FIGURES 28–31 in Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné, 1955) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) a potential candidate for the biological control of alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Martius) Grisebach (Amaranthaceae): redescription of the adult, first description of immature stages, and biological notes
FIGURES 28–31. Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné), (28) Median lobe, dorsal view. (29) Median lobe, detail of dorsal median process. (30) Median lobe, lateral view. (31) Median lobe, detail of dorsal median process. Scale bars= 1mm.
FIGURES 22–27 in Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné, 1955) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) a potential candidate for the biological control of alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Martius) Grisebach (Amaranthaceae): redescription of the adult, first description of immature stages, and biological notes
FIGURES 22–27. Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné) (22) Median lobe, dorsal view. (23) Median lobe, lateral view. (24) sternite 8. (25) Spermatheca. (26) Abdomen, male, ventral view. (27) Abdomen, female, ventral view. Scale bars= 1mm.
FIGURES 18–21 in Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné, 1955) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) a potential candidate for the biological control of alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Martius) Grisebach (Amaranthaceae): redescription of the adult, first description of immature stages, and biological notes
FIGURES 18–21. Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné) (18) Elytron ventral view, detail of binding patch. (19) Detail of binding patch, surface covered with spoonbill shaped spicules and sharktooth-shaped spicules on distal area. (20 Metendosternite. (21) Tarsal claws appendiculate. Abbreviations: shs, sharktooth spicule; sm, spiniform microtrichia; sps, spoonbill spicules.
FIGURES 38–39 in Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné, 1955) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) a potential candidate for the biological control of alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Martius) Grisebach (Amaranthaceae): redescription of the adult, first description of immature stages, and biological notes
FIGURES 38–39. Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné), pupae (38) Habitus, dorsal view. (39) Habitus, lateral view. Scale bars= 1mm.
FIGURE 12 in Taxonomic assessment of Alligator Snapping Turtles (Chelydridae: Macrochelys), with the description of two new species from the southeastern United States
FIGURE 12. Photograph of Macrochelys suwanniensis holotype (UF 166146) demonstrating a superior (A), inferior (B), cranial (C), caudal (D), and left (E) and right (F) lateral view of skull morphology.
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