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Fig. 6 in Trypanosomiasis: An emerging disease in Alpine swift (Tachymarptis melba) nestlings in Switzerland?

Fig. 6. Blood smears of nestling Alpine swifts with high (A) and moderate (B) trypomastigote burdens. Close-up of a trypomastigote between erythrocytes (C).

Fig. 4 in Trypanosomiasis: An emerging disease in Alpine swift (Tachymarptis melba) nestlings in Switzerland?

Fig. 4. Distribution of louse flies on an Alpine swift nestling (A) compared with the distribution of bruising on post-mortem examination with plumage removed (B).

Fig. 3 in Trypanosomiasis: An emerging disease in Alpine swift (Tachymarptis melba) nestlings in Switzerland?

Fig. 3. Missing (left wing) and poor quality (right wing) primary feathers on a 45-day-old nestling.

Fig. 1 in Trypanosomiasis: An emerging disease in Alpine swift (Tachymarptis melba) nestlings in Switzerland?

Fig. 1. Map of Switzerland with the locations and appearance of the three evaluated colonies (A, B, C).

Data: Managing European Alpine forests with close-to-nature forestry to improve climate change mitigation and multifunctionality

The repository contains the data supporting the findings of the study: Managing European Alpine forests with close-to-nature forestry to improve climate change mitigation and multifunctionality Abstract: Close-to-nature forestry (CNF) has a long tradition in European Alpine forest management, playing a crucial role in ensuring the continuous provision of biodiversity and forest ecosystem services, including protection against natural hazards. However, climate change is causing huge uncertainties about the future applicability of CNF in the Alpine region. The question arises as to whether current CNF practices are still suitable for adapting forests to climate change impacts while also meeting the increasing societal demands regarding Alpine forests, including their potential contribution to climate change mitigation. To answer this question, we simulated forest development using the ForClim forest model at two Alpine study sites, together representing a large biogeographic gradient from high-elevation inner Alpine forests (Switzerland) to lower-elevation south-eastern Alpine forests (Slovenia). The simulations considered three climate scenarios (historical climate, SSP2‑4.5 and SSP5-8.5) and six alternative management strategies, including both current CNF management practices and climate-adapted versions. Using a multi-criteria decision analysis framework, we assessed the joint impacts of climate and management on biodiversity and key ecosystem services of the investigated regions, including carbon sequestration (CS) inside and outside the forest ecosystem boundary.  The joint effects of climate change and CNF varied, both among and within the study sites along the biogeographical gradient. While CS was more resistant to climate change under current CNF at the south-eastern Alpine site, it was more sensitive at the inner Alpine site, where CS potentials decreased at lower elevations. This adverse effect could be partly mitigated by fostering the use of climate-adapted tree species. However, current CNF and adaptations of it did not meet multiple management objectives equally well: while protection from gravitation hazards and timber production also benefited from this silvicultural practice, biodiversity benefited from CNF variants with low-intensity or no management.  In conclusion, CNF has a high potential to continue fulfilling its crucial role in European Alpine forests. A differentiated approach will be needed in the future, however, to identify forest stands where adaptive measures are required, especially at sites particularly vulnerable to climate change. In combination with less intensively managed or unmanaged areas, CNF provides a management portfolio that will help European Alpine forests to meet the demands of future society. Data: There is one folder for each case study, including:  <ul> <li>simulated biodiverstiy and ecosystem service indicators</li> <li>forest stand metadata</li> <li>normlized utility values for indicators</li> <li>partial utility values for biodiversity and ecosystem service groups</li> </ul> This study was conducted as part of the ONEforest project, which received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement Nº 101000406.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

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Data and code for: A supergene controlling social structure in Alpine ants also affects the dispersal ability and fecundity of each sex

Social organisation, dispersal and fecundity co-evolve, but whether they are genetically linked remains little known. Supergenes are prime candidates for coupling adaptive traits and mediating sex-specific trade-offs. Here, we test whether a supergene that controls social structure in Formica selysi also influences dispersal-related traits and fecundity within each sex. In this ant species, single-queen colonies contain only the ancestral supergene haplotype M and produce MM queens and M males, while multi-queen colonies contain the derived haplotype P and produce MP queens, PP queens, and P males. By combining multiple experiments, we show that the M haplotype induces phenotypes with higher dispersal potential and higher fecundity, for both sexes. Specifically, MM queens, MP queens, and M males are more aerodynamic and more fecund than PP queens and P males, respectively. Differences between MP and PP queens from the same colonies reveal a direct genetic effect of the supergene on dispersal-related traits and fecundity. The derived haplotype P, associated with multi-queen colonies, produces queens and males with reduced dispersal abilities and lower fecundity. More broadly, similarities between the Formica and Solenopsis systems reveal that supergenes play a major role in linking behavioural, morphological, and physiological traits associated with intraspecific social polymorphisms.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Supplementary material for: "Who gets the pole position? Spatial and social behaviour of snowfinches at winter feeders in Alpine habitat"

Abstract In collective foraging, an individual’s ability to compete with conspecifics can considerably influence its foraging strategy and success. Strong competitors can fight for prioritised access to food, while weak competitors may avoid aggressions and rather seek out less contested foraging opportunities. However, insecure access to food can be detrimental to weak competitors, especially during periods of low and unpredictable resource availability. Here we investigated individual foraging behaviour of White-winged snowfinches Montifringilla nivalis, specialists of alpine habitats and their strategies for coping with competition for food resources in winter. A difference in condition dependence of survival rates between males and females in this species has made us hypothesise that males may be more dominant in accessing food resources than females. We set up artificial experimental food patches in the Swiss Alps to observe foraging male and female snow finches and recorded their behaviour in interactions with conspecifics and their spatial position relative to the food. We found that individuals frequently occupying positions close to the food resources were more involved in agonistic interactions than individuals staying in more distant positions. This result suggests that different individuals use different foraging strategies, probably depending on their level of competitiveness. Furthermore, we observed males to forage slightly closer to the food source than females, which could imply that females may have less access to artificial feeders than males.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2024View details →

AI-Based Tracking of Fast-Moving Alpine Landforms Using High Frequency Monoscopic Time-Lapse Imagery

This repository contains data and scripts used in the study titled 'AI-Based Tracking of Fast-Moving Alpine Landforms Using High Frequency Monoscopic Time-Lapse Imagery' published as a <a href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2024/egusphere-2024-2570/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">preprint </a>in Earth Surface Dynamcis (EGU) . Please check the README.docx for folder structure with descriptions of each folder and file.

Fig. 6 in Desoria calderonis sp. nov., a new species of alpine cryophilic springtail (Collembola: Isotomidae) from the Apennines (Italy), with phylogenetic and ecological considerations

Fig. 6. Phylogenetic tree of Desoria calderonis sp. nov. and related species, on the basis of the cox1 gene. Names include the BOLD bin number, as well as the taxonomic attribution and number of sequences included in the bin. Genera were abbreviated where unambiguous within the bin. When records of the same bin had multiple taxonomic attributions, the one at the lowest level was retained if all were compatible. Alternatively, all were listed separately. Bootstrap support is indicated if> 80. ♠: olivacea- group; ♣: fennica-group; ♥: violacea-group of Desoria.

Fig. 4 in Desoria calderonis sp. nov., a new species of alpine cryophilic springtail (Collembola: Isotomidae) from the Apennines (Italy), with phylogenetic and ecological considerations

Fig. 4. Desoria calderonis sp. nov. A. Ventral chaetotaxy of head. B. Labial palps. C. Labrum. D. Mandible. E. Maxilla. F. Maxillary palp. G. Female genital opening. H. Male genital opening. I. VT in posterior view.

Fig. 5 in Desoria calderonis sp. nov., a new species of alpine cryophilic springtail (Collembola: Isotomidae) from the Apennines (Italy), with phylogenetic and ecological considerations

Fig. 5. Desoria calderonis sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy. A. Ocular plate. B. Claws. C. Antennal organ III. D. Retinaculum.

Fig. 2 in Desoria calderonis sp. nov., a new species of alpine cryophilic springtail (Collembola: Isotomidae) from the Apennines (Italy), with phylogenetic and ecological considerations

Fig. 2. Desoria calderonis sp. nov. A. Dorsal chaetotaxy. B. Number and distribution of dorsal s-setae (accp-s: accp-setae; al-s: al-setae; as: as-setae) and ms-setae (ms). C. Ocular plate (A–H: eyes) and PAO. D. Ant. IV apical dorsal part; asterisk = seta-like s-seta. E. Ant. I–III, dorsal view, with s-setae (double line) and seta-like s-setae (simple line); on ventro-proximal part of Ant. I, two isolated microsetae present.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Multi-year dataset for groundwater level, temperature, and chemical and isotopic compositions of different water bodies in an alpine catchment on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Here we provide the multi-year dataset for groundwater level, temperature, and chemical and isotopic compositions of different water bodies in an alpine catchment on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. The first file contains monitoring data, including groundwater levels and ground temperatures. The second file includes the results of the sample analyses as well as the numbers and locations of the sampling sites.

FIG. 10 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry

FIG. 10. — LSI of sheep bone width measurements in statistically meaningful Early/Middle Bronze Age find complexes. For Barche di Solferino, see Figure 7.

FIG. 5 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry

FIG. 5. — LSI of sheep bone width measurements in broad chronological subdivision. For the results of the significance test, see Table 3.

FIG. 4 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry

FIG. 4. — The LSI median values of width measurements compared with the shoulder height of sheep in individual find complexes. Furthermore, sample size in shoulder height values is considered. Abbreviations: BA, Bronze Age; EBA, Early Bronze Age; EIA, Early Iron Age; IA, Iron Age; LBA, Late Bronze Age; LIA, Late Iron Age; MBA, Middle Bronze Age; NCA, Neolithic/Copper Age. Site numbering, see Tables 1, 2.

FIG. 9 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry

FIG. 9. — LSI of sheep bone width measurements in Neolithic/Copper Age archaeofaunas. For the results of the significance test, see Table 3.

FIG. 6 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry

FIG. 6. — LSI of sheep bone width measurements in several micro-regions (for the results of the significance test see Table 3). The sites are arranged in chronological orders and numbering refers to Table 1. Abbreviations: a, Northern Pre-Alps and Limestone Alps; b, Inn Valley; BA, Bronze Age; c,Val Venosta; d, Isarco Valley; e, Adige Valley and surroundings; EBA, Early Bronze Age; EIA, Early Iron Age; ELT, Early La Tène Period; f, Southern drop of the Alps with Lessinian Mountains and Northern Padanian Plain;IA, Iron Age; LBA, Late Bronze Age; LIA, Late Iron Age; LLT, Late La Tène Period; MBA, Middle Bronze Age; MLT, Middle La Tène Period; NCA, Neolithic/Copper Age.

FIG. 1 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry

FIG. 1. — The percentage of the main livestock species animals in Prehistoric Alpine find complexes., Neolithic/Copper Age;, Bronze Age;, Iron Age. Site numbering, see Table 1.

FIG. 11 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry

FIG. 11. — The Bronze Age sheep populations of the Northern Alpine Foreland and the Inn Valley in LSI comparison. For the results of the significance test, see Table 3.