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Distribution. Southern Ocean, breeding sites are scattered on subantarctic islands, Antarctic Peninsula, and the coast of S Argentina. in Phocidae

Distribution. Southern Ocean, breeding sites are scattered on subantarctic islands, Antarctic Peninsula, and the coast of S Argentina.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Excess 210Pb, 137C, total organic carbon content, HBI biomarkers (IPSO25, HBI III) and biogenic silica of marine deposits from sediment core 2018_R2_2F from Sheldon Cove, Antarctic Peninsula

Description: Sediment core 2018_R2_2F was collected from Sheldon Cove, Antarctic Peninsula (67.55°S 68.27°W) from a water depth of 177 m, in December 2018 as part of expedition JR18003 by the British Antarctic Survey aboard RV James Clark Ross (Sands et al. 2019). Total core length was 25 cm. The dataset presented here consists of: gamma spectrometry measurements of excess 210Pb (calculated as a difference between the total 210Pb and the average of 214Pb and 214Bi) and 137Cs; total organic carbon (TOC) content; biogenic silica (BSi) content; and HBI biomarker (IPSO25, HBI III) concentrations. The excess 210Pb and 137Cs were measured at the Institute of Geology at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland, using a gamma detector Canberra BE3830, cooled with cryostat Cryo-Pulse®5 plus. The detector is placed in 10 cm thick lead shield walls and is equipped with a remote detector chamber option (RDC-6 inches) for low energy background reduction. The detector was commercially characterized by ISOCS (In-Situ Object Calibration Software) and LabSOCS (Laboratory Sourceless Object Calibration Software). Efficiencies for measured geometries were determined using LabSOCS code applying all corrections for sample geometry, matrix, and container type, and were verified with IAEA standards measurements. The results (spectra) were analyzed in Canberra GENIE-2000 v. 3.3 gamma spectrometry software and are presented with 2-sigma uncertainty ranges (Szczuciński, submitted). TOC concentrations (given in %) were measured at the Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Poland, using an Eltra CS-500 IRanalyzer with a Total Inorganic Carbon module according to the procedure described in Racka et al. (2010). TOC was calculated as the difference between TC (total carbon) and TIC (total inorganic carbon). Each TOC sample was analysed in duplicate. Analytical precision and accuracy were better than ±2% for TC and ±3% for TIC. HBI biomarker preparation and analysis followed slightly modified (Pieńkowski et al. 2021) standard protocols (Belt 2012). HBI concentrations are given per weight of sediment (ng/g sed), and organic carbon content (μg/g OC) (Belt et al. 2012). Biogenic (opaline) silica (BSi) analysis on dried, homogenised samples followed Heiri et al. (2001) and Bechtel et al. (2007). Each BSi and TOC sample was analysed in duplicate; values are given in %. BSi and TOC standard deviation calculations are based on data from the replication. References * Bechtel, A., Woszczyk, M., Reischenbacher, D., Sachsenhoffer, R., Gratzer, R., Püttmann, W. Spychalski, W., 2007: Biomarkers and geochemical indicators of Holocene environmental changes in Lake Sarbsko (Poland). Org. Geoch. 38, 1112–1131. * Belt, S.T., Brown, T.A., Navarro Rodriguez, A., Cabedo Sanz, P., Tonkin, A., Ingle, R. 2012. A reproducible method for the extraction, identification and quantification of the Arctic sea ice proxy IP25 from marine sediments. Anal. Methods 4, 705-713. * Heiri, O., Lotter, A. F., Lemcke, G., 2001. Loss on ignition as a method for estimating organic and carbonate content in sediments: reproducibility and comparability of results. J. Paleolimnol. 25, 101-110. * Pieńkowski, A.J., Husum, K., Belt, S.T., Ninnemann, U., Köseoğlu, D., Divine, D.V., Smik, L., Knies, J., Hogan, K., Noormets, R. 2021. Seasonal sea ice persisted through the Holocene Thermal Maximum at 80°N. Commun. Earth Environ. 2, 124. * Racka, M., Marynowski, L., Filipiak, P., Sobstel, M., Pisarzowska, A., Bond, D.P.G., 2010: Anoxic Annulata events in the Late Famennian of the Holy Cross Mountains (Southern Poland): geochemical and palaeontological record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 297(3-4), 549-575. * Sands, C.J., Annett, A., Apeland, B., Barnes, D.K.A, Bascur, M., Bruning, P., Costa, M., Dadd, G., De Lecea, A., Ensor, N., Featherstone, A., Flint, G., Goodger, D., Guzzi, A., Howard, F., Hunter, D., Jenkins, S., Kender, S., Lincoln, B., Munoz-Ramirez C., Pienkowski, A., Retallick, K., Roman-Gonzalez, A., Scourse, J., Sheen, K., Whitaker, T., Williams, J., Zhao, L., Zwerschke, N., 2019: JR18003 Cruise Report. British Antarctic Survey, 132 pp. * Szczuciński, W. (submitted): Applications of gamma-emitting isotopes (210Pb and 137Cs) for assessment of sedimentary processes – insights from studies of lake, deltaic and continental shelf deposits. Projects * CHARME: CHanging AntaRctic Marine Environments, Web: <a title="Follow link" href="https://charme.amu.edu.pl/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">https://charme.amu.edu.pl/</a>, Award: Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, UMO-2020/37/K/ST10/04127 File descriptions: Excel file with all data, as well as core details (coordinates and water depth). Comment: This dataset is related to the following article which has been accepted for publication: Pieńkowski, Anna J.; Szczuciński, Witold; Breszka, Agnieszka; Chyleński, Maciej; Juras, Anna; Romel, Paulina; Rozwalak, Piotr; Trzebny, Artur; Dabert, Mirosława; Belt, Simon; Jagodziński, Robert; Smik, Lukas; Włodarski, Wojciech. Sedimentary ancient DNA and HBI biomarkers as sea-ice indicators: a complementary approach in Antarctic fjord environments. Limnology Oceanography Letters. doi: 10.1002/lol2.10395

Figure 5 in Vertical distribution of brown and red macroalgae along the central Western Antarctic Peninsula

Figure 5: Vertical distribution of seven additional red macroalgal species by the number of transects in which they were present in the diver by-hand collections. Other details as in Figure 4.

Figure 4 in Vertical distribution of brown and red macroalgae along the central Western Antarctic Peninsula

Figure 4: Vertical distribution of seven red macroalgal species by the number of transects in which they were present in the diver byhand collections. Sites are ordered by National Ice Center average sea ice concentrations from 2014 to 2019. No fleshy red macroalgae were present at site K, and none of the species included in this report were present at site N. Only two transects were sampled at site I, so the abscissa only extends to two for that site. Single blue asterisks indicate one less transect collection at that depth at that site; "(present)" indicates that the species was found in general collections at the site but was not present in the transect collections.

Figure 3 in Vertical distribution of brown and red macroalgae along the central Western Antarctic Peninsula

Figure 3: Vertical distribution of Desmarestia menziesii and Desmarestia anceps combined and of Himantothallus grandifolius at horizontal depth intervals from video transect analyses. Means + standard error of mean. Sample size was two at sites H, I, and K and three at all other sites. Sites are ordered by National Ice Center average sea ice concentrations from 2014 to 2019. No fleshy macroalgae were present at site K so it is not included. "(present)" indicates that the species was found in general collections at the site but was not present under a random dot in the video analyses.

Figure 2 in Vertical distribution of brown and red macroalgae along the central Western Antarctic Peninsula

Figure 2: Vertical distribution of brown macroalgal species by the number of transects in which they were present in the diver byhand collections. Sites are ordered by National Ice Center average sea ice concentrations from 2014 to 2019. No fleshy macroalgae were present at site K so it is not included. Only two transects were sampled at site I, so the abscissa only extends to two for that site. Single blue asterisks indicate one less transect collection at that depth at that site, two asterisks indicate two less; "(present)" indicates that the species was found in general collections at the site but was not present in the transect collections.

Figure 1 in Vertical distribution of brown and red macroalgae along the central Western Antarctic Peninsula

Figure 1: Study sites along the central Western Antarctic Peninsula. Inset shows the entire northern and central portions of the Antarctic Peninsula. The 14 research sites, designated north to south as A through N, were surveyed between April 23 and May 18, 2019. Their locations spanned the range of annual sea ice coverage (color scale bar). Modified from Amsler et al. (2023).

FIGURE 23. Polymastia invaginata Kirkpatrick, 1907 in Demosponges from the sublittoral and shallow-circalittoral (<24m depth) Antarctic Peninsula with a description of four new species and notes on in situ identification characteristics

FIGURE 23. Polymastia invaginata Kirkpatrick, 1907. BELUM.Mc2015.596. A. In situ appearance. B. Ectosomal tylostyles, scale bar 200 µm. C. Choanosomal styles, scale bar 1000 µm. D. Skeleton, scale bar 1000 µm.

FIGURE 22 in Demosponges from the sublittoral and shallow-circalittoral (<24m depth) Antarctic Peninsula with a description of four new species and notes on in situ identification characteristics

FIGURE 22. Homaxinella balfourensis (Ridley & Dendy, 1886). A. In situ appearance BELUM.Mc2015.575. B. Skeleton BELUM.Mc2015.742, scale bar 1000 µm. C. Styles BELUM.Mc2015.742, scale bar 200 µm.

FIGURE 19 in Demosponges from the sublittoral and shallow-circalittoral (<24m depth) Antarctic Peninsula with a description of four new species and notes on in situ identification characteristics

FIGURE 19. Myxilla (Burtonanchora) asigmata (Topsent, 1901). BELUM.Mc2015.586. A. In situ appearance. B. Choano- somal skeleton, scale bar 1000 µm. C. Style.D. Tylote. E. Chelae. Spicule scale bars all 10 µm. F. Spicules viewed under light microscope, scale bar 1000 µm.

FIGURE 18 in Demosponges from the sublittoral and shallow-circalittoral (<24m depth) Antarctic Peninsula with a description of four new species and notes on in situ identification characteristics

FIGURE 18. Mycale (Oxymycale) acerata Kirkpatrick, 1907. BELUM.Mc2015.617. A. In situ appearance, diver included for scale. B. Close up of surface in situ. C. Choanosomal skeleton, scale 1000 µm. D. Ectosomal skeleton, scale bar 1000 µm. E. Oxea, scale bar 100 µm. F. Microxea, scale bar 10 µm. G. Tiny oxea/raphide, scale bar 1 µm. H. Large chelae, scale bar 10 µm. I. Small chelae, scale bar 10 µm.

FIGURE 16 in Demosponges from the sublittoral and shallow-circalittoral (<24m depth) Antarctic Peninsula with a description of four new species and notes on in situ identification characteristics

FIGURE 16. Mycale (Mycale) fibrosa Boury-Esnault & van Beveren, 1982. BELUM.Mc2015.624. A. In situ appearance. B. Choanosomal Skeleton, scale bar 1000 µm. C. Ectosomal skeleton, scale bar 1000 µm. D. Mycalostyle. E. Small chelae. F. Large chelae. G. Small sigma. H. Large sigma. Spicule scale bars all 10 µm.

FIGURE 17 in Demosponges from the sublittoral and shallow-circalittoral (<24m depth) Antarctic Peninsula with a description of four new species and notes on in situ identification characteristics

FIGURE 17. Mycale (Aegogropila) magellanica (Ridley, 1881). BELUM.Mc2015.717. A. In situ appearance. B. Choano- somal skeleton, scale bar 1000 µm. C. Ectosomal skeleton, scale bar 1000 µm. D. Mycalostyle. E. Microxea. F. Chelae. Spicule scale bars all 10 µm.

FIGURE 20 in Demosponges from the sublittoral and shallow-circalittoral (<24m depth) Antarctic Peninsula with a description of four new species and notes on in situ identification characteristics

FIGURE 20. Tedania (Tedaniopsis) charcoti Topsent, 1907. BELUM.Mc2015.589 with image of choanosomal skeleton from BELUM.Mc2015.580. A. In situ appearance. B. Choanosomal skeleton, scale bar 1000 µm. C. Style. D. Tornote. E. Tornote ends. F. Small onychaete. G. Large onychaete. H. Large onychaete ends. Spicule scale bars all 10 µm.

FIGURE 25. Dendrilla antarctica Topsent, 1905 in Demosponges from the sublittoral and shallow-circalittoral (<24m depth) Antarctic Peninsula with a description of four new species and notes on in situ identification characteristics

FIGURE 25. Dendrilla antarctica Topsent, 1905. BELUM.Mc2015.544. A. In situ appearance. B. Skeleton, scale bar 1000 µm.

FIGURE 14 in Demosponges from the sublittoral and shallow-circalittoral (<24m depth) Antarctic Peninsula with a description of four new species and notes on in situ identification characteristics

FIGURE 14. Clathria (Clathria) priestleyae sp nov. BELUM.Mc2015.638. A. In situ appearance. B. Skeleton, scale bar 1000 µm. C. Style. D. Subectosomal style. E. Ectosomal style ends. F. Acanthostyle. G. Thin toxa. H. Oxhorn toxa. Spicule scale bars all 10 µm.

FIGURE 15 in Demosponges from the sublittoral and shallow-circalittoral (<24m depth) Antarctic Peninsula with a description of four new species and notes on in situ identification characteristics

FIGURE 15. Clathria (Axosuberites) rosita Goodwin, Brewin & Brickle, 2012. BELUM.Mc2015.724. A. In situ appearance. B. Skeleton, scale bar 1000 µm. C. Style. D. Subectosomal style. E. Ectosomal style ends. F. Thin toxa. G. Oxhorn toxa. Spicule scale bars all 10 µm.

FIGURE 13 in Demosponges from the sublittoral and shallow-circalittoral (<24m depth) Antarctic Peninsula with a description of four new species and notes on in situ identification characteristics

FIGURE 13. Isodictya erinacea (Topsent, 1916). A. In situ appearance BELUM.Mc2015.610. B. In situ appearance BELUM. Mc2015.770. C. Skeleton BELUM.Mc2015.770, scale bar 1000 µm. D. Oxea, scale bar 500 µm. E. Chelae, scale bar 10 µm.

FIGURE 21 in Demosponges from the sublittoral and shallow-circalittoral (<24m depth) Antarctic Peninsula with a description of four new species and notes on in situ identification characteristics

FIGURE 21. Tedania (Tedaniopsis) tantula (Kirkpatrick, 1907). BELUM.Mc2015.600. A. In situ appearance. B. Choanosomal skeleton, scale bar 500 µm. C. Ectosomal skeleton, scale bar 500 µm D. Style. E. Tornote. F. Tornote ends. G. Small onychaete. H. Large onychaete. I. Large onychaete ends. Spicule scale bars all 10 µm.

FIGURE 11 in Demosponges from the sublittoral and shallow-circalittoral (<24m depth) Antarctic Peninsula with a description of four new species and notes on in situ identification characteristics

FIGURE 11. Phorbas glaberrimus (Topsent, 1917). A. In situ appearance BELUM.Mc2015.698. B. In situ appearance, close up of sponge surface, BELUM.Mc2015.698. C. Skeleton BELUM.Mc2015.664, scale bar 1000 µm. D. Spicules BELUM. Mc2015.698, scale bar 200 µm. E. Chelae BELUM.Mc2015.698, scale bar 10µm.