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373 results for “Asymmetry”
Data from: Cyclone-anticyclone asymmetry of eddy detection on gridded altimetry product in the Mediterranean Sea
<p>We perform an Observing System Simulation Experiment that simulates the satellite sampling and the mapping procedure on the sea surface of the high-resolution model CROCO-MED60v40, to investigate the reliability and the accuracy of the eddy detection. The main result of this study is a strong cyclone-anticyclone asymmetry of the eddy detection on the altimetry products AVISO/CMEMS in the Mediterranean Sea. Large-scale cyclones having a characteristic radius larger than the local deformation radius are much less reliable than large-scale anticyclones. We estimate that less than 60% of these cyclones detected on gridded altimetry product are reliable, while more than 85% of mesoscale anticyclones are reliable. Besides, both the barycenter and the size of these mesoscale anticyclones are relatively accurate. This asymmetry comes from the difference of stability between cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies. Large mesoscale cyclones often split into smaller sub-mesoscale structures having a rapid dynamical evolution. The numerical model CROCO-MED60v40 shows that this complex dynamic is too fast and too small to be accurately captured by the gridded altimetry products. The spatio-temporal interpolation smoothes out this sub-mesoscale dynamics and tends to generate an excessive number of unrealistic mesoscale cyclones in comparison with the reference field. On the other hand, large mesoscale anticyclones, which are more robust and which evolve more slowly, can be accurately tracked by standard altimetry products. We also confirm that the AVISO/CMEMS products induce a bias on the eddy intensity. The azimuthal geostrophic velocities are always underestimated for large mesoscale anticyclones.</p>
The Protective Function of Directed Asymmetry in the Pericellular Matrix Enveloping Chondrocytes (Supporting Data)
<p>This dataset contains the images necessary to reproduce the study "The Protective Function of Directed Asymmetry in the Pericellular Matrix Enveloping Chondrocytes (DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02900-1)"</p>
Laboratory evidence supporting a mechanical model describing the dynamic formation of fault damage asymmetry (data)
<p>Data from the paper: Laboratory evidence supporting a mechanical model describing the dynamic formation of fault damage asymmetry</p> <p>This document includes the after-analysis data, where, the variable "Log2by3M" for the relative magnitude of AE events in the catalog, "M" for the coordinates of sensors, "Mechanical" for the raw mechanical loading information before synchronization, "Notch" for the coordinate of the notch on the beam, "QuaLoc" for the source location and time. </p>
Forbid/allow asymmetry in persuasion Social Psychology Experiments 1-3 data
<p>Data sheet file for the paper: <em>Forbid/allow asymmetry in persuasion: The forbid frame decreases biased elaboration and increases attitude change </em>(Social Psychology, 2022)</p> <p>Previous research showed that responses to questions about forbidding something differed from those to the seemingly equivalent questions about allowing the same object (forbid/allow asymmetry). We postulate that the effect of the forbid vs. allow framing may be also consequential for the processing of attitude related information and attitude change. The forbid frame (compared with the allow frame) may increase the impact of negative (vs. positive) arguments and/or reduce the impact of initial attitudes on the elaboration the presented information. To test these predictions we conducted three experiments (one preregistered, total N = 655). Participants were reading both pro and con arguments, differing in consistency with their initial attitudes, and concerning three different attitude objects: genetically modified organisms (GMOs), euthanasia, and barbecuing in public places. The results show that the forbid (vs. allow) frame decreases the tendency for generating thoughts prevailingly consistent with participants’ initial attitudes (Experiment 2). It also reduces bias in the evaluation and interpretation of the presented arguments and yields more similar assessments of arguments that are consistent and inconsistent with initial attitudes (Experiment 3). As a result, the attitudes are more susceptible to change within the forbid frame (they move more in the direction opposite to the initial attitude) than within the allow frame (Experiments 1-3). The results for the first time show the existence of forbid vs. allow asymmetry in persuasion. This effect has practical consequences, e.g. when designing referenda.</p>
Effects of community richness and competitive asymmetry on protozoa evolution in Sarracenia purpurea leaves
<p>Predicting evolution in natural systems will require understanding how selection operates in multispecies communities. We predicted that the amount that traits evolve in multispecies mixtures would be less than the amount that would be predicted from the additive contributions of the pair-wise interactions and that subordinate species will be more likely to evolve in competitive systems than dominant species. We conducted an experimental test of these predictions using a guild of protozoans found in the water-filled leaves of the pitcher plant <em>Sarracenia purpurea</em>. The response to selection did not significantly change as we increased richness from monocultures to two- and four-species mixtures. In accordance with our second prediction, subordinate species demonstrated greater growth in competition after selection than before, while dominant species generally showed no response to selection. Monod-type experiments to determine minimum resource levels found that the dominant species had much higher resource requirements than the subordinate species and that the minimum resource requirements evolved to be higher in the subordinate species. Importantly, these results suggest that subordinate species evolve to become more similar to dominant species, which may involve resource-use convergence. Our findings and other recent works suggest that community diversity can affect evolution in surprising ways that warrant further investigation.</p>
Asymmetry of thermal sensitivity and the thermal risk of climate change
<p>Aim. Understanding and predicting the biological consequences of climate change requires considering the thermal sensitivity of organisms relative to environmental temperatures. One common approach involves "thermal safety margins" (TSMs), which are generally estimated as the temperature differential between the highest temperature an organism can tolerate (CTmax) and the mean or maximum environmental temperature it experiences. Yet, organisms face thermal stress and performance loss at body temperatures below their CTmax, and the steepness of that loss increases with the asymmetry of the thermal performance curve (TPC).</p> <p>Location. Global</p> <p>Time period. 2015-2019.</p> <p>Major taxa studied. Ants, fish, insects, lizards, and phytoplankton.</p> <p>Methods. We examine variability in TPC asymmetry and the implications for thermal stress for 384 populations from 289 species across taxa and for metrics including ant and lizard locomotion, fish growth, and insect and phytoplankton fitness.</p> <p>Results. We find that the thermal optimum (Topt, beyond which performance declines) is more labile than CTmax, inducing interspecific variation in asymmetry. Importantly, the degree of TPC asymmetry increases with Topt. Thus, even though populations with higher Topts in a hot environment might experience above-optimal body temperatures less often than do populations with lower Topts, they nonetheless experience steeper declines in performance at high body temperatures. Estimates of the annual cumulative decline in performance for temperatures above Topt suggest that TPC asymmetry alters the onset, rate, and severity of performance decrement at high body temperatures.</p> <p>Main conclusions. Species with the same TSMs can experience different thermal risk due to differences in TPC asymmetry. Metrics that incorporate additional aspects of TPC shape better capture the thermal risk of climate change than do TSMs.</p>
numerical data to accompany "Strong asymmetry in near-fault ground velocity during an oblique strike-slip earthquake revealed by waveform particle motions and dynamic rupture simulations"
<p>This is the numerical data to accompany the paper "Strong asymmetry in near-fault ground velocity during an oblique strike-slip earthquake revealed by waveform particle motions and dynamic rupture simulations". Please refer to the README.txt file for information about the individual datasets and archive files. </p>
Selection favors high spread and asymmetry of flower opening dates within plant individuals
<p>Natural selection on traits expressed repeatedly by individuals is usually investigated with a focus on mean values, although within-individual trait distributions often differ also in other aspects, such as their spread and shape. In plants producing multiple flowers during a season, there might not be a single optimal flowering time, but rather an optimal distribution of flower opening dates. This optimal distribution might depend on both resource allocation patterns and interactions with the abiotic and biotic environment.</p> <p>In this study, we quantified mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis of 495 individual flowering schedules (5287 flowers) over three years, and assessed phenotypic selection on these aspects of the within-individual distribution of opening dates in the perennial herb <em>Lathyrus vernus</em>. We also explored how selection on within-individual variation in flowering schedules was related to effects on two fitness components: fruit set and the proportion of seeds escaping pre-dispersal predation.</p> <p>Within-individual variation in phenology was larger than, or at least similar to, among-individual variation in all years. We found phenotypic selection on several aspects of individual flowering schedules. In one year, selection favoured plants with higher variance in opening dates, and this coincided with a higher fruit set in plants with an increased spread of the flowering schedule. In two of the study years, selection favoured a higher asymmetry of the flowering schedule, and plants with more right-skewed distributions had higher fruit set and higher proportions of seeds escaping predation. Both fruit set and seed predation increased with an earlier mean flowering, resulting in no net selection on mean flowering date.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em>. Our results suggest that phenotypic selection on the spread and shape of flower opening date distributions might be at least as important as selection on the mean flowering date. In a broad sense, this implies that we should consider the entire trait distribution if we aim to understand the evolution of traits that are expressed multiple times within individuals.</p>
Dataset for "How Asymmetries Between Arctic and Antarctic Climate Sensitivity are Modified by the Ocean"
<p>Data for "How Asymmetries Between Arctic and Antarctic Climate Sensitivity are Modified by the Ocean", submitted to Geophysical Research Letters.</p> <p>Data are given for DJF, JJA, and the annual average for the following CESM experiments:</p> <ul> <li>A single 2XCO2 fully-coupled CESM-CAM5 run. Over years 0-30, 60-90, 150-180, and 470-500.</li> <li>Five CESM-SOM (slab ocean model) experiments, including PertAtm, PertAtm+PertOcn15, PertAtm+PertOcn85, PertAtm+PertOcn165, and PertAtm+PertOcn485.</li> </ul>
Fig. 16 in Evolution of genital asymmetry, exaggerated eye stalks, and extreme palpal elongation in Panjange spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae)
Fig. 16. Known distribution of the Panjange lanthana group.
Model Data for Dynamic Controls on the Asymmetry of Mouth Bars: Role of Alongshore Currents
<p>The Model dataset is exported and integrated from Delft3D numerical setup files and results by using the Quickplot module, which is used in the manuscript entitled <strong>"Dynamic Controls on the Asymmetry of Mouth Bars: Role of Alongshore Currents"</strong>. </p> <p>In terms of the Delft3D setup files, please see the zipped file "Delft3D_setup_files.zip", including the run 2-A0.75 and run 4-N0.075.</p> <p>In terms of model result dataset, each folder is organized based on the unique RunID assigned to the Delft3D simulations, as detailed in the Table 1 in the main text of the manuscript. Given the employment of multiple decomposition domains within the model, the numerical results are exported individually for each domain. To facilitate the analysis of "bulk" data, encompassing three dimensions (two in horizontal space and one in time), all single domains are intergrated by Matlab script into three comprehensive data files. The data files with the ".mat" extension can be directly opened and loaded in MATLAB. The prefixes of the MAT-files are as follows:</p> <ul> <li>The "bedlevel_daily_*.mat" files contain daily map data of the bed level (ZZ) spanning 74 simulation days (73 time steps in total). This data is used to calculate metrics for assessing mouth bar asymmetry.</li> <li>The "map_u_c_h_day5_*.mat" files represent map data (recorded every 15 minutes, 97 time steps in total) including depth-averaged velocity (u), suspended sediment concentration (c), water depth (h), bed level (bl), and sediment flux (qs) after t=5 hydrodynamic days. This data is used to analyze sediment plume and currents during the period of the initial formation of mouth bars, providing predictive insights. <ul> <li>The "map_u_c_h_day5_include_channel_*.mat" files serve a unique purpose in visualizing the flow vectors (u) and the suspended sediment concentration (c) at the river mouth, incorporating the extended channel. We present two specific scenarios: "2-A0.75" and "4-N0.075," which directly correlate with the cases illustrated in Figure 8 of the manuscript, facilitating a more comprehensive understanding and analysis.</li> </ul> </li> <li>The "map_h_u_qs_afterday74_*.mat" files contain hourly map data comprising bed level (h), water depth (d), depth-averaged velocity (U for instantaneous and v for tidally-averaged), and suspended sediment flux (QS for instantaneous and q for tidally-averaged) within a tidal cycle of 12-hr semidiurnal tide (13 time steps). This data is utilized to visualize and extract distributary channels after 10 morphological years of evolution. The MATLAB code for extracting channels follows the GRL paper <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080447">(Gao et al., 2018)</a> and JGR-ES paper <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JF004584">(Gao et al., 2019)</a>, also seen in <a href="https://github.com/weilungao/ShorelineExtraction">https://github.com/weilungao/ShorelineExtraction</a>. For added convenience, the comprehensive integration packages, titled 'ShorelineExtraction-master' and 'DeltaicDistributaryNetwork-main', containing essential Matlab codes, have been pre-uploaded to this dataset.</li> </ul> <p>The MATLAB-compatible '.m' code files enable direct opening and data processing. Simply execute the files in sequential order, prefixed "step0-4", for seamless data manipulation. The default list for 32 simulation cases is given by "file_case_index_group.txt". Individual cases can be processed separately by modifying the loading script within the code files as needed.</p> <p>Tip: To ensure the smooth execution of the script, kindly place all downloaded single files or packaged folders (once unzipped but keep the subdirectories) within the same directory. </p>
Connectional asymmetry of the inferior parietal lobule shapes hemispheric specialization in humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques
<p>The inferior parietal lobule (IPL) is one of the most expanded cortical regions in humans relative to other primates. It is also among the most structurally and functionally asymmetric regions in the human cerebral cortex. Whether the structural and connectional asymmetries of IPL subdivisions differ across primate species and how this relates to functional asymmetries remain unclear. We identified IPL subregions that exhibited positive allometric in both hemispheres, scaling across rhesus macaque monkeys, chimpanzees, and humans. The patterns of IPL subregions asymmetry were similar in chimpanzees and humans, but no IPL asymmetries were evident in macaques. Among the comparative sample of primates, humans showed the most widespread asymmetric connections in the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices, constituting leftward asymmetric networks that may provide an anatomical basis for language and tool use. Unique human asymmetric connectivity between the IPL and primary motor cortex might be related to handedness. These findings suggest that structural and connectional asymmetries may underlie hemispheric specialization of the human brain.</p>
Folding-unfolding asymmetry and a RetroFold computational algorithm
<p>We treat protein folding as the molecular self-assembly, while unfolding is viewed as disassembly. Self-assembly and disassembly (fracture) are two opposite non-equilibrium dynamic processes; however, they cannot be converted to each other by a simple time variable reversal. Fracture is typically a much faster process than self-assembly. Self-assembly is often an exponentially decaying process, since energy relaxes due to dissipation, while fracture may be a constant rate process as the driving force is opposed by damping. Typically, protein folding takes two orders of magnitude longer time than unfolding, and it consumes a lot of computational resources to model folding. Based on energy dissipation rates, we suggest a mathematical transformation of variables, which makes it possible to view self-assembly as time-reversed disassembly, thus folding can be studied as reversed unfolding. We investigate the molecular dynamics modeling of folding and unfolding of the short Trp-cage protein. Folding time constitutes about 800 ns while unfolding (denaturation) takes only about 5.0 ns, and therefore, fewer computational resources are needed for its simulation. This "RetroFold" approach can be used for the design of a novel computation algorithm, which, while approximate, is less time-consuming than traditional folding algorithms.</p>
Biotic and abiotic drivers of coalescence asymmetry between soil and manure microbiomes
<p>The dataset includes bacterial and fungal OTU tables for all soil and manure samples after 180 days incubation, bacterial and fungal OTU abundance tables, the data for variance partitioning analysis, and the phylogenetic trees for calculating MNTD.</p>
Data for: Connecting hemispheric asymmetries of planetary albedo and surface temperature
<p>Satellite measurements show that the Northern and Southern hemispheres reflect equal amounts of short-wave radiation ("albedo symmetry"), but no theory exists on if, how, and why the symmetry is established and maintained. Ambiguously, climate models are strongly biased in albedo symmetry but agree in the sign of the response to CO<sub>2</sub>. We find that mean-state biases in albedo symmetry and surface temperature asymmetry correlate negatively. Similarly, the response of albedo asymmetry to CO<sub>2</sub> forcing correlates negatively with the magnitude of the asymmetry in surface warming. This is true across many and within single climate model simulations: a too warm or stronger warming hemisphere is darker or darkens more than its counterpart. In the 21 years of observations we find the same tendency and hypothesize a) albedo symmetry is a function of the current climate state and b) we will observe an evolution towards albedo asymmetry in coming decades.</p>
Does competitive asymmetry confer polyploid advantage under changing environments?
<p>Competitive interactions drive critical ecological processes in plant communities. Yet how competitive interactions are influenced by polyploidy which has a widespread incidence in plants remains largely unknown.</p> <p>To evaluate the hypothesis of competitive asymmetry between polyploids and diploids, we set up competing tetraploid and diploid plants of perennial herbaceous <em>Chrysanthemum indicum</em> L. (Asteraceae) at different relative frequencies under contrasting soil water contents. We quantified the interaction intensity between competing plants of the same (intraploidy) and different (interploidy) ploidy levels, and measured functional traits related to gas exchange and plant water use to understand the underlying mechanisms.</p> <p>The stronger competitive effect of tetraploids on diploids than that of diploids on tetraploids provided evidence for the competitive asymmetry. As a stronger competitor, tetraploids were limited more by individuals of their own than by diploids. Such competitive asymmetry was not only maintained under reduced soil water content, but also translated into higher aboveground biomass of tetraploids. Tetraploids showed more resource-acquisitive traits than diploids under high soil water content and more resource-conservative traits under reduced soil water content. As such, the higher trait plasticity in tetraploids than diploids likely explained the competitive asymmetry.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em>. These results elucidate the nature and magnitude of species interactions between polyploid and diploid plants under changing environments and the underlying mechanisms, and provide important insights into the prevalence and persistence of polyploid plants under a changing climate.</p>
Dataset for "The East-West Asymmetry of Particle Intensity in Energetic Storm Particle Events"
<p>Here we present the simulation results and the list of ESP events for the paper "The East-West Asymmetry of Particle Intensity in Energetic Storm Particle Events". Detailed descriptions of the simulation results can be found in the manuscript. </p>
Reducing Asymmetry During Gait Using the TPAD (Tethered Pelvic Assist Device) for Stroke Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03203291. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Cost of step time asymmetry and step length asymmetry in human walking
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Selection favors high spread and asymmetry of flower opening dates within plant individuals
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