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180 results for “Body scales”
Text-fig. 2. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, c–f) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, b, g) images of the flower of Mugideiriflora portugallica (a, b) and fruits, seeds and pollen of Canrightia resinifera (c–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Oblique, apical view of flower showing multiparted organization with numerous laminar tepals, stamens that are rhomboidal and flattened in transverse section and carpels that are borne on the short conical apex of the receptacle; b) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0800) through basal part of flower showing the elongate bases of the laminar tepals and the flattened rhomboidal bases of the stamens; c) Fruit in lateral view showing irregular surface resulting from the abundant resin bodies in the fruit and hypanthium wall, scars from stamens on the rim of the hypanthium (arrowheads) and the lobed apical stigmatic region (st); d) Broken fruit with one or two seeds missing but showing three pendant, orthotropous seeds with pointed micropylar regions (mi) and a finely pitted crystalliferous endotesta; note the remains of the apical vascular bundles (vb); e) Single seed isolated from a fruit showing two distinct bundles (vb) still attached apically to the chalazal region of the seed, the pointed micropyle (mi) and the finely pitted surface of the crystalliferous endotesta; f) Monocolpate pollen from stigmatic region of fruit showing the long colpus and coarse reticulum; g) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0705) through a fruit showing four seeds all with radially elongated endothelium cells formed from the inner epidermis of the tegmen (asterisks). Specimens, Catefica 150-S174254 (a, b), Catefica 49-S170377 (c), Catefica 49-S170372 (d), Catefica 50-S170401 (e), Catefica 50-S170404 (f), Catefica 50-S174906 (g). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–e, g), 6 Μm (f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 2. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, c–f) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, b, g) images of the flower of Mugideiriflora portugallica (a, b) and fruits, seeds and pollen of Canrightia resinifera (c–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Oblique, apical view of flower showing multiparted organization with numerous laminar tepals, stamens that are rhomboidal and flattened in transverse section and carpels that are borne on the short conical apex of the receptacle; b) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0800) through basal part of flower showing the elongate bases of the laminar tepals and the flattened rhomboidal bases of the stamens; c) Fruit in lateral view showing irregular surface resulting from the abundant resin bodies in the fruit and hypanthium wall, scars from stamens on the rim of the hypanthium (arrowheads) and the lobed apical stigmatic region (st); d) Broken fruit with one or two seeds missing but showing three pendant, orthotropous seeds with pointed micropylar regions (mi) and a finely pitted crystalliferous endotesta; note the remains of the apical vascular bundles (vb); e) Single seed isolated from a fruit showing two distinct bundles (vb) still attached apically to the chalazal region of the seed, the pointed micropyle (mi) and the finely pitted surface of the crystalliferous endotesta; f) Monocolpate pollen from stigmatic region of fruit showing the long colpus and coarse reticulum; g) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0705) through a fruit showing four seeds all with radially elongated endothelium cells formed from the inner epidermis of the tegmen (asterisks). Specimens, Catefica 150-S174254 (a, b), Catefica 49-S170377 (c), Catefica 49-S170372 (d), Catefica 50-S170401 (e), Catefica 50-S170404 (f), Catefica 50-S174906 (g). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–e, g), 6 Μm (f).
Supplementary material for Metabolic constraints on the body size scaling of extreme population densities
<p>Data for the analysis of the paper entitled</p> <p>Metabolic constraints on the body size scaling of extreme population densities. Ecology letters.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/a60c335d-e6ca-4bd9-a17f-fc98ca9703e2/air_sea_outputs_L4_nsw.txt?versionId=1416dceb-47d0-45b1-99a8-baa833df8f76">air_sea_outputs_L4_nsw.txt </a></p> <p>This data set contains 8693 rows and 13 variables</p> <p>From colum 1 to 13 the following names apply:</p> <p>Julian- Day of the year (1rst January =1)</p> <p>day- Day number</p> <p>month- Month number</p> <p>year- Year number</p> <p>lat- Latitude</p> <p>lon- Longitude</p> <p>wind_speed_m_s- 1m wind speed in meters per second </p> <p>presure_mB- Air pressure in milibars</p> <p>Temp_°C- Air temperature in degrees Celsius </p> <p>Temp_algo- Other temperature</p> <p>Cloud_cover%- Percentage of cloud cover</p> <p>SST_°C- sea surface temperature in degree Celsius</p> <p>SW_Radiation_W_m2- Short wave radiation in Watts per square meter.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/a60c335d-e6ca-4bd9-a17f-fc98ca9703e2/SurfaceTemperature_L4_Merged.csv?versionId=9738e9d6-53ed-49c4-ab0d-136b74ddb16e">SurfaceTemperature_L4_Merged.csv </a></p> <p>This data set has 1064 rows and two columns</p> <p>Fechas_tempAll is the date of measurement formated as (Year-Month-Day Hour)</p> <p>e.g. 2013-05-20 09:00:00</p> <p>TEMP_EC- Surface water Temperature in degree Celsius</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7374166/files/Nutrients.csv?download=1">Nutrients.csv</a></p> <p>The data set sas 445 rows and 8 Variables</p> <p>Sample.Date- Date when surface water sample was taken.</p> <p>NITRITE.µM, - Nitrite (NO2) concentration in micromolar</p> <p>NITRATE.NITRITE.µM"- Nitrate (NO3) concentration in micromolar</p> <p>AMMONIA.µM, - Ammonia (NH4) concentration in micromolar</p> <p>SILICATE.µM, - Silica (Si) concentration in micromolar</p> <p>PHOSPHATE.µM- - Posphate (PO4) concentration in micromolar<br> FLAG- Quality flag (TRUE/FALSE).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Unravelling arthropod movement in natural landscapes: small-scale effects of body size and weather conditions
<p>This dataset was used to run the analyses for Logghe et al. (2024). Unravelling arthropod movement in natural landscapes: small-scale effects of body size and weather conditions. Journal of Animal Ecology, 93(9), 1365-1379. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.14161">https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.14161</a></p> <p>"Arthropod_movement.csv" contains the results of experimental fieldwork, where movement speed and direction were recorded for individuals belonging to multiple arthropod species. Each row contains data on taxonomy, weather conditions, movement speed and movement direction of an individual measurement. Metadata is provided for the different columns.</p> <p>"Summary_observations.csv" gives an overview of the amount of individuals that were tested for each species. This dataset separates flying and cursorial movement, since several species were able to switch between these two modes.</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><strong>Background: </strong>Movement is a crucial life history component and holds direct significance to population dynamics, thereby influencing population viability. For arthropods in general, larger species achieve greater dispersal distances and large scale movements are influenced by weather conditions. However, many aspects of arthropod movement behaviour remain relatively unexplored, especially on small spatial scales. Studies on this topic are scarce and often limited to a few specific species or laboratory conditions. Consequently, it remains uncertain whether the effects of body size and weather conditions can be generalized across a wide range of arthropod species in natural environments.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>To help address this knowledge gap, we conducted a field study in two nature reserves in Belgium, focusing on both flying and cursorial arthropods. Over 200 different arthropod species were captured and released within a circular setup, allowing quantification of movement speed and direction. By analysing the relationship between these movement variables and morphological (body size) as well as environmental factors (temperature and wind), we aimed to gain insights into the mechanisms driving small-scale arthropod movement under natural conditions.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>For flying species, movement speed is positively correlated with both body size and (tail)wind speed. In contrast, movement speed of cursorial individuals was solely positively related with temperature. Notably, movement direction was biased towards the vegetated areas where the arthropods were originally caught, suggesting an internal drive to move towards suitable habitat. This tendency was particularly strong in larger flying individuals, in smaller cursorial species and under tailwind conditions. Furthermore, both flying and cursorial taxa were hindered from moving towards the habitat by strong upwind.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Body size can be used as a useful proxy for not only movement speed, but orientation capacity as well. This movement-size correlation is, at least at small temporal scales, conditional to the prevailing wind conditions.</p>
Larval nutrition impacts survival to adulthood, body size, and the allometric scaling of metabolic rate in adult honeybees
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Data from: Defaunation increases clustering and fine-scale spatial genetic structure in a small-seeded palm despite remaining small-bodied frugivores
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Data from: Heat tolerance in ectotherms scales predictably with body size
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>This study analyses how heat stress varies with body size in ectothermic organisms. The analytical approach is based on thermal death time (TDT) curves, which take into consideration both the intensity and the duration of a thermal stress, and result in a linear relationship between temperature and the logarithm of time. We analyzed two separate heat tolerance datasets measured in mollusk, arthropod, fish, amphibian and reptile species, covering nearly 9 orders of magnitude in size. Datasets ware intrinsically different but ultimately convey the same type of information on thermal tolerance. The first dataset comprised individual measurements of heat stress (i.e., data points expressed in temperature and time coordinates) whereas the second dataset described the intercept and slope of TDT curves. In both cases, smaller organisms exhibited a higher tolerance to an acute heat stress than larger ones, but their tolerance declined faster in time.We then combined the results from our scaling analyses with geographic information to quantify thermal safety margins standardized by mass and time. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
The biogeography of thermal risk for terrestrial ectotherms: scaling of thermal tolerance with body size and latitude
1. Many organisms are shrinking in size in response to global warming. However, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms linking body size and temperature of organisms across their geographical ranges. Here we investigate the biophysical mechanisms determining the scaling of body temperature with size across latitudes in terrestrial ectotherms. 2. Using biophysical models, we simulated operative temperatures experienced by lizard-like ectotherms as a function of microclimatic variables, body mass and latitude and use them to generate null predictions for the effect of size on temperature across geographical gradients. We then compared model predictions against empirical data on lizards' field body temperature (Tb), and thermal tolerance limits (CTmax and CTmin). 3. Our biophysical models predicted that the allometric scaling of operative temperatures with body size varies with latitude, with a positive relationship at low latitudes that vanishes with increasing latitude. The analyses of thermal traits of lizards show a significant interaction of body size and latitude on Tb and CTmax and no effect of body mass on CTmin, consistent with model's predictions. The estimated scaling coefficients are within the ranges predicted by the biophysical model. The effect of body mass, however, becomes non-significant after controlling for the phylogenetic relatedness between species. 4. We propose that large-bodied terrestrial ectotherms exhibit higher risk of overheating at low latitudes, while size differences in thermal sensitivity vanish towards higher latitudes. 5. Our work highlights the potential of combining mechanistic models with empirical data to investigate the mechanisms underpinning broad-scale patterns and ultimately provide a null model to develop baseline expectations for further empirical research. 08-Jan-2020
Larval nutrition impacts the scaling of adult metabolic rate with body mass in honeybees
<p>Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a fundamental physiological measure linked to numerous aspects of organismal function, including lifespan. Although dietary restriction in insects during larval growth/development affects adult RMR, the impact of larval diet quality on adult RMR has not been studied. Using in vitro rearing to control larval diet quality, we determined the effect of dietary protein and carbohydrate on honeybee survival-to-adulthood, time-to-eclosion, body mass/size and adult RMR. High carbohydrate larval diets increased survival-to-adulthood and time-to-eclosion compared to both low carbohydrate and high protein diets. Upon emergence, bees reared on the high protein diet were smaller and lighter than those reared on other diets, whilst those raised on the high carbohydrate diet varied more in body mass. Newly-emerged adult bees' reared on the high carbohydrate diet showed a significantly steeper increase in allometric scaling of RMR compared to those reared on other diets. This suggests that diet quality influences survival-to-adulthood, time-to-eclosion, and the allometric scaling of RMR. Given that agricultural intensification and increasing urbanisation have led to a decrease in both forage availability and dietary diversity for bees, our results are critical to improving understanding of the impacts of poor developmental nutrition on bee growth/development and physiology.</p>
Data and code to reproduce analyses in Heinken et al, "A genome-scale metabolic reconstruction resource of 247,092 diverse human microbes spanning multiple continents, age groups, and body sites"
<p>This datasets archives the GitHub version found at https://github.com/ThieleLab/CodeBase to reproduce simulations for the article Heinken et al, "A genome-scale metabolic reconstruction resource of 247,092 diverse human microbes spanning multiple continents, age groups, and body sites", Cell Systems, in press.</p>
Large-scale UK Biobank Whole Body Atlases
<p>Population atlases are commonly utilised in medical imaging to facilitate the investigation of variability across populations. <br>Such atlases enable the mapping of medical images into a common coordinate system, promoting comparability and enabling the study of inter-subject differences. <br>Constructing such atlases becomes particularly challenging when working with highly heterogeneous datasets, such as whole-body images, where subjects show significant anatomical variations.<br>In this work, we propose a pipeline for generating a standardised whole-body atlas for a highly heterogeneous population by partitioning the population into anatomically meaningful subgroups. <br>Using magnetic resonance (MR) images from the UK Biobank dataset, we create six whole-body atlases representing a healthy population average. <br>We furthermore unbias them, and this way obtain a realistic representation of the population.<br>In addition to the anatomical atlases, we generate probabilistic atlases that capture the distributions of abdominal fat (visceral and subcutaneous) and five abdominal organs across the population (liver, spleen, pancreas, left and right kidneys).<br>We demonstrate a clinical application of these atlases, using the differences between subjects with medical conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and healthy subjects from the atlas space.<br>With this work, we make the constructed anatomical and label atlases publically available and anticipate them to support medical research conducted on whole-body MR images.</p>
Simulations of planetary-scale collisions between rotating, differentiated bodies
<p>In the late stages of terrestrial planet formation, pairwise collisions between planetary-sized bodies act as the fundamental agent of planet growth. These collisions can lead to either growth or disruption of the bodies involved and are largely responsible for shaping the final characteristics of planets. Despite their critical role in planet formation, an accurate treatment of collisions has yet to be realized. Therefore, we simulated a new set of 10,700 smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of pairwise collisions between rotating, differentiated bodies. This dataset is an order of magnitude larger than any previous collision dataset and is intended to serve as a training dataset for machine learning models, so that accurate surrogate models for planetary-scale collisions can be developed.</p>
Fig. 4 in A taxonomic review of the species of Charax Scopoli, 1777 (Teleostei: Characidae: Characinae) with description of a new species from the rio Negro bearing superficial neuromasts on body scales, Amazon basin, Brazil
Fig. 4. Orbital diameter as a function of head length for species of Charax.
Scaling of biological rates with body size as a backbone in the assembly of metacommunity biodiversity
<p><span>The dispersal-body mass association has been highlighted as a main determinant of biodiversity patterns in metacommunities. However, less attention has been devoted to other well recognized determinants of metacommunity diversity: the scaling in density and regional richness with body size. Among active dispersers, the increase in movement with body size may enhance local richness and decrease beta diversity. Nevertheless, the reduction of population size and regional richness with body mass may determine a negative diversity-body size association. Consequently, metacommunity assembly probably emerges from a balance between the effect of these scalings. We formalize this hypothesis relating the exponents of size-scaling rules with simulated trends in alpha, beta, and gamma diversity with body size. Our results highlight that the diversity-body size relationship in metacommunities may be driven by the combined effect of different scaling rules. Given their ubiquity in most terrestrial and aquatic biotas, these scaling rules may represent the basic determinants—backbone—of biodiversity, over which other mechanisms operate determining metacommunity assembly. Further studies are needed, aimed at explaining biodiversity patterns from functional relationships between biological rates and body size, as well as their association with environmental conditions and species interactions.</span></p>
Effect of Liraglutide on Body Weight in Non-diabetic Obese Subjects or Overweight Subjects With Co-morbidities: SCALE™ - Obesity and Pre-diabetes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01272219. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 29. Publications: 17.
App and Body Fat Scale in the Management of Overweight Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05866107. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.
Effect of Liraglutide on Body Weight in Overweight or Obese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: SCALE™ - Diabetes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01272232. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 13. Publications: 13.
Bill size, bill shape, and body size constrain bird song evolution on a macroevolutionary scale
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Data from: Scaling of thermal tolerance with body mass and genome size in ectotherms: a comparison between water-and air-breathers
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The biogeography of thermal risk for terrestrial ectotherms: scaling of thermal tolerance with body size and latitude
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Global factors constrain body size trends across the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event at a regional scale: a case study from the Arbuckle Mountains of Oklahoma
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.