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4,349 results for “COSTA RICA”
Air pollution in a tropical city: the relationship between wind direction and lichen bioindicators in San Jose, Costa Rica
<p>Lichens are good bio-indicators of air pollution, but in most tropical countries there are few studies on the subject; however, in the city of San José, Costa Rica, the relationship between air pollution and lichens has been studied for decades. In this article we evaluate the hypothesis that air pollution is lower where the wind enters the urban area (Northeast) and higher where it exits San José (Southwest). We identified the urban parks with a minimum area of approximately 5 000m² and randomly selected a sample of 40 parks located along the passage of wind through the city. To measure lichen coverage, we applied a previously validated 10 x 20cm template with 50 random points to five trees per park (1.5m above ground, to the side with most lichens). Our results (years 2008 and 2009) fully agree with the generally accepted view that lichens reflect air pollution carried by circulating air masses. The practical implication is that the air enters the city relatively clean by the semi-rural and economically middle class area of Coronado, and leaves through the developed neighborhoods of Escazú and Santa Ana with a significant amount of pollutants. In the dry season, the live lichen coverage of this tropical city was lower than in the May to December rainy season, a pattern that contrasts with temperate habitats; but regardless of the season, pollution follows the pattern of wind movement through the city</p>
Air pollution in a tropical city: the relationship between wind direction and lichen bio-indicators in San José, Costa Rica
<p>Lichens are good bio-indicators of air pollution, but in most tropical countries there are few studies on the subject; however, in the city of San José, Costa Rica, the relationship between air pollution and lichens has been studied for decades. In this article we evaluate the hypothesis that air pollution is lower where the wind enters the urban area (Northeast) and higher where it exits San José (Southwest). We identified the urban parks with a minimum area of approximately 5 000m² and randomly selected a sample of 40 parks located along the passage of wind through the city. To measure lichen coverage, we applied a previously validated 10 x 20cm template with 50 random points to five trees per park (1.5m above ground, to the side with most lichens). Our results (years 2008 and 2009) fully agree with the generally accepted view that lichens reflect air pollution carried by circulating air masses. The practical implication is that the air enters the city relatively clean by the semi-rural and economically middle class area of Coronado, and leaves through the developed neighborhoods of Escazú and Santa Ana with a significant amount of pollutants. In the dry season, the live lichen coverage of this tropical city was lower than in the May to December rainy season, a pattern that contrasts with temperate habitats; but regardless of the season, pollution follows the pattern of wind movement through the city</p>
Elevational and seasonal patterns of plant pollinator networks in two highland tropical ecosystems in Costa Rica
<p>Plant pollinator interaction matrices used to construct plant-pollinator interaction networks in two highland tropical ecosystems in Costa Rica. Numbers in matrices indicates the number of interactions recorded. The names of the files indicates the collect site (MF: Montane Forest; PAR= Paramo) and the season of the year (Dry and Rainy seasons, respectively).</p>
Figs 1045–1050 in EULOPHIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 5: The genus Galeopsomyia Girault
Figs 1045–1050. Head incl. antennae, lateral view ♀ – (1045) Galeopsomyia volcanesis; (1046) G. zunigai; (1047) G. elegans; (1048) G. eroica; (1049) G. fabia; (1050) G. mynta.
Fig. 1115 in EULOPHIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 5: The genus Galeopsomyia Girault
Fig. 1115. Galeopsomyia chrysops sp.nov., paratype female, length 2.3mm; Costa Rica, Alajuela, Parque Nacional Arenal, La Peninsula, 25.ii.2003.
Figs 1058–1065 in EULOPHIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 5: The genus Galeopsomyia Girault
Figs 1058–1065. Head incl. antennae, lateral view ♀ – (1058) Galeopsomyia allisonbrownae; (1059) G. alloris; (1060) G. apicis; (1061) G. arenalicola; (1062) G. briannestjacquesae; (1063) G. assai; (1064) G. coriolis; (1065) G. brinaris.
Fig. 1110 in EULOPHIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 5: The genus Galeopsomyia Girault
Fig. 1110. Galeopsomyia admirabilis sp.nov., paratype female, length 2.8mm; Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Monteverde, "Ecological Farm", 16-17.ii.2003.
Figs 1013–1020 in EULOPHIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 5: The genus Galeopsomyia Girault
Figs 1013–1020. Head incl. antennae, lateral view ♀ – (1013) Galeopsomyia fernandezae; (1014) G. ferula; (1015) G. fucata; (1016) G. gabela; (1017) G. gala; (1018) G. gallarum; (1019) G. guanacastensis; (1020) G. guillermopereirai.
Fig. 1107 in EULOPHIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 5: The genus Galeopsomyia Girault
Fig. 1107. Galeopsomyia epidius (Walker), non-type female, length 2.4mm; USA, Oklahoma, Payne Co., Mehan, 10.viii.2016, ex Asphondylia sp.
Figs 997–998 in EULOPHIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 5: The genus Galeopsomyia Girault
Figs 997–998. Head incl. antennae/body, lateral view, paratype ♂. (997) Galeopsomyia wilsoni; (998) G. epidius (non-type).
Figs 993–996 in EULOPHIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 5: The genus Galeopsomyia Girault
Figs 993–996. Head incl. antennae/body, lateral view, paratype ♂. (993) Galeopsomyia piperae; (994) G. schefflerae; (995) G. truncata; (996) G. verbesinae.
Figs 974–976 in EULOPHIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 5: The genus Galeopsomyia Girault
Figs 974–976. Head incl. antennae/body, lateral view, paratype ♂. (974) Galeopsomyia grandis; (975) G. illydris; (976) G. infusca.
Figs 1082–1088 in EULOPHIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 5: The genus Galeopsomyia Girault
Figs 1082–1088. Head incl. antennae, lateral view ♀ – (1082) Galeopsomyia moleris; (1083) G. munda; (1084) G. osmia; (1085) G. oblitis; (1086) G. ocoteae; (1087) G. nebulosa; (1088) G. neblina.
Figs 971–973 in EULOPHIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 5: The genus Galeopsomyia Girault
Figs 971–973. Head incl. antennae/body, lateral view, paratype ♂. (971) Galeopsomyia globosa; (972) G. gonzalezi; (973) G. gouaniae.
Figs 968–970 in EULOPHIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 5: The genus Galeopsomyia Girault
Figs 968–970. Head incl. antennae/body, lateral view, paratype ♂. (968) Galeopsomyia chrysops; (969) G. coccolobae; (970) G. fieris.
Figs 1037–1044 in EULOPHIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 5: The genus Galeopsomyia Girault
Figs 1037–1044. Head incl. antennae, lateral view ♀ – (1037) Galeopsomyia mucariensis; (1038) G. philyra; (1039) G. coralis; (1040) G. sureshnaiki; (1041) G. trinidadensis; (1042) G. valmiri; (1043) G. verdensis; (1044) G. lasallei.
Figs 1006–1012 in EULOPHIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 5: The genus Galeopsomyia Girault
Figs 1006–1012. Head incl. antennae, lateral view ♀ – (1006) Galeopsomyia copalensis; (1007) G. cresta; (1008) G. doradis; (1009) G. crucensis; (1010) G. duniagarciae; (1011) G. eberhardi; (1012) G. fresa.
Figs 962–964 in EULOPHIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 5: The genus Galeopsomyia Girault
Figs 962–964. Head incl. antennae/body, lateral view, paratype ♂. (962) Galeopsomyia maura; (963) G. bicolor; (964) G. bimaculata.
Figs 951–954 in EULOPHIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 5: The genus Galeopsomyia Girault
Figs 951–954. Head incl. antennae/body, lateral view, paratype ♂. (951) Galeopsomyia bidensiae; (952) G. copalensis; (953) G. cresta; (954) G. domingoensis.
Figs 955–958 in EULOPHIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 5: The genus Galeopsomyia Girault
Figs 955–958. Head incl. antennae/body, lateral view, paratype ♂. (955) Galeopsomyia duniagarciae; (956) G. gallarum; (957) G. manuelperereirai; (958) G. seminarum.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.