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Figure 15 from: Ruan Y, Douglas HB, Qiu L, Chen X, Jiang S (2020) Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae). ZooKeys 993: 47-120. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805

Figure 15 Phorocardius rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. A pronotum and scutellar shield of holotype, dorsal view B head, frontal view C last abdominal ventrite (ventrite V) of female, dorsal view, arrow indicating blade-like projection D posterior edge of pronotum, left side, dorsal view, arrows indicating sublateral incisions E procoxa, lateral-ventral view, arrow indicating closed procoxal cavity.

Figure 14 from: Ruan Y, Douglas HB, Qiu L, Chen X, Jiang S (2020) Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae). ZooKeys 993: 47-120. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805

Figure 14 Phorocardius rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. A holotype, habitus, dorsal view, arrow indicating claws B holotype, habitus, ventral view C female abdominal sternite VIII, dorsal view (paratype) D ovipositor, dorsal view (paratype) E aedeagus, ventral view (paratype) F aedeagus, lateral view (paratype), arrow indicating apex of paramere and median lobe G aedeagus, dorsal view (paratype), arrow indicating apex of paramere H distal (upper side) and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix.

Figure 16 from: Ruan Y, Douglas HB, Qiu L, Chen X, Jiang S (2020) Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae). ZooKeys 993: 47-120. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805

Figure 16 Phorocardius unguicularis (Fleutiaux, 1918). A holotype habitus, dorsal view (photograph: Dr Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN) B holotype habitus, ventral view with specimen labels (photograph: Dr Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN) C head of holotype, frontal view D pronotum (non-type specimen) E aedeagus, dorsal view (non-type specimen), arrow indicating apex of paramere F aedeagus, ventral view (non-type specimen) G aedeagus, lateral view (non-type specimen), arrow indicating apices of parameres H distal (left side) and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix (inner view, non-type specimen).

Figure 13 from: Ruan Y, Douglas HB, Qiu L, Chen X, Jiang S (2020) Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae). ZooKeys 993: 47-120. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805

Figure 13 Phorocardius minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. A pronotum of holotype, dorsal view B head of holotype, dorsal-frontal view C posterior edge of pronotum of holotype, left side, dorsal view, arrows indicating sublateral incisions D scutellar shield of holotype, dorsal view E metacoxal plate of paratype, ventral view.

Figure 12 from: Ruan Y, Douglas HB, Qiu L, Chen X, Jiang S (2020) Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae). ZooKeys 993: 47-120. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805

Figure 12 Phorocardius minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. A holotype, habitus, dorsal view, arrow indicating claw B paratype, habitus, ventral view, arrow indicating hypomeral hind edges C antennae of holotype, showing triangular antennomeres III–IV D–F aedeagus of holotype D dorsal view E ventral view, arrows indicating apices of parameres F lateral view, arrow indicating apices of parameres G, H aedeagus of paratype collected from Da-qing-gou, Inner Mongolia, ventral and lateral views I, J aedeagus of paratype collected from Ke-you-zhong-qi, Inner Mongolia, ventral and lateral views, arrows indicating apices of parameres.

Figure 11 from: Ruan Y, Douglas HB, Qiu L, Chen X, Jiang S (2020) Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae). ZooKeys 993: 47-120. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805

Figure 11 Phorocardius manuleatusCandèze (1888). A pronotum and scutellar shield, dorsal view B head, frontal view C punctation on disc of pronotum D punctation on vertex of head E color variation between four individuals; insets 2, 4, 6, 8 are the ventral views of 1, 3, 5, 7 F aedeagus, in dorsal view and lateral view, arrows indicating apices of parameres.

Figure 1 from: Ruan Y, Douglas HB, Qiu L, Chen X, Jiang S (2020) Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae). ZooKeys 993: 47-120. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805

Figure 1 Explanation of measurement and terminology. A male habitus (AL: antenna length; BL: body length; BW: body width; EL: elytron length; EW: elytron width; PL: pronotum length; PW: pronotum width) B postero-lateral part of pronotum C tarsomeres I to V (TML: tarsomere length), with inset showing bifid claw D posterior part of prosternum, showing prosternal process, arrows showing its dorsal and ventral margins (PCL: procoxal cavity length; PPL: prosternal process length) E proximal sclerite of bursa copulatrix, showing internal surface: with a concavity on basal edge, large spines on mesal edge and minute ones on disc F head, frontal view (DBE: distance between eyes; WOE: width of eye) G aedeagus, ventral view (BSL: basal strut length; MLL: median lobe length; PML: paramere length), inset showing apical part of paramere H aedeagus, lateral view, inset showing apical part of paramere.

Figure 10 from: Ruan Y, Douglas HB, Qiu L, Chen X, Jiang S (2020) Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae). ZooKeys 993: 47-120. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805

Figure 10 Phorocardius manuleatus Candèze, 1888. A male habitus, dorsal view B male habitus, ventral view, arrow indicating claws C female habitus, dorsal view D aedeagus, ventral view (immersed in glycerin) E aedeagus, lateral view, arrow indicating apex of paramere F aedeagus, dorsal view (immersed in glycerin), arrow indicating apex of paramere G ovipositor, dorsal view H female abdominal sternite VIII, dorsal view (near type locality) I distal (top) and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix.

Figure 37 from: Douglas HB (2017) World reclassification of the Cardiophorinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae), based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters. ZooKeys 655: 1-130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11894

Figure 37 - Inferred phylogeny of Cardiophorinae and Negastriinae based on 139 parsimony-informative adult morphological characters (left), with Bayesian topology (adapted from Fig. 36) on right. Parsimony tree is a strict consensus of 412 most parsimonious trees of 1083 steps, CI = 0.17. Values above branches are decay indices, values below branches are bootstrap indices (above 50%). D (and colour purple), P (and colour orange), and N (and colour blue) are members of Dendrometrinae , Physodactylinae and Negastriinae respectively within the Cardiophorine clade (shown by colour alone elsewhere). Genus name "Cardiophorus" indicates Cardiophorus. Names are pre-revision. Type species of genera are marked with "*".

Figures 90-104 from: Douglas HB (2017) World reclassification of the Cardiophorinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae), based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters. ZooKeys 655: 1-130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11894

Figures 90-104 - 90–92 Dicronychus cinereus. 90 proximal sclerite 91 distal sclerites 92 aedeagus 93–97 Aptopus rugiceps 93, 94 adult 95 proximal sclerite 96 distal sclerite 97 aedeagus 98–99 Cardiophorus (Perinellus) argentatus, Lectotype. 98 male 99 aedeagus 100 Cardiophorus (Coptostethus) femoratus, Lectotype 101–103 Phorocardius florentini 101, 102 Lectotype 103 bursal sclerites 104 Tropidiplus tellinii, female. Scale bars: 1 mm for habiti, 0.5 mm for detail photos. Captions reflect the revised classification.

Figures 140-154 from: Douglas HB (2017) World reclassification of the Cardiophorinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae), based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters. ZooKeys 655: 1-130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11894

Figures 140-154 - 140–143 Paraplatynychus mixtus 140, 141 male 142 proximal sclerite 143 aedeagus 144–146 Triplonychus acuminatus, Lectotyp. 144, 145 male 146 aedeagus 147–150 Cardiodontulus brandti, male paratype 147 aedeagus 148, 149 adult 150 tarsal claw 151–153 Craspedostethus rufiventris 151 female Lectotype 152 lateral view of pronotal hind angle of female Lectotype 153 aedeagus 154 Craspedostethus culcarius , bursal sclerites of female labeled as type. Scale bars: 1 mm for habiti, 0.5 mm for detail photos, 0.25 for 142, 143. Captions reflect the revised classification.

Figures 63-78 from: Douglas HB (2017) World reclassification of the Cardiophorinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae), based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters. ZooKeys 655: 1-130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11894

Figures 63-78 - 63–64 Metacardiophorus sogdianus, paratype 63 male 64 aedeagus 65–68. Paracardiophorus musculus. 65 aedeagus 66 proximal sclerite 67, 68 female 69–73. Zygocardiophorus nigratissimus. 69, 70 male 71 elytral apex 72 proximal sclerite 73 aedeagus 74–76 Platynychus indicus, female lectotype 74–75 adult 76 distal and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix, lateral view 77, 78 Globothorax chevrolati lectotype female. Scale bars: 1 mm for full habiti, 0.5 mm for detail photos. Captions reflect the revised classification.

Figures 79-89 from: Douglas HB (2017) World reclassification of the Cardiophorinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae), based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters. ZooKeys 655: 1-130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11894

Figures 79-89 - 79, 80 Globothorax femoralis lectotype male 81–84 Cardiophorus gramineus 81, 82 female 83 bursa copulatrix with distal and proximal sclerites, lateral view 84 aedeagus 85–87 Cardiophorellus gracilicornis paratype. 85, 86 male 87 aedeagus 88–89 Dicronychus cinereus female. Scale bars: 1 mm for habiti, 0.5 mm for detail photos. Captions reflect the revised classification.

Figures 38-49 from: Douglas HB (2017) World reclassification of the Cardiophorinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae), based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters. ZooKeys 655: 1-130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11894

Figures 38-49 - 38–41 Chileaphricus chilensis lectotype male 38, 39 pterothorax 40 head and prothorax 41 aedeagus 42–44 Margogastrius schneideri paralectotype female. 42, 43 habitus 44 spermatheca, lateral view 45–47 Floridelater americanus. 45 aedeagus 46, 47 male 48–49 Blaiseus bedeli lectotype male. Scale bars: 1 mm, 0.5 mm for detail photos. Captions reflect the revised classification.

Figures 105-121 from: Douglas HB (2017) World reclassification of the Cardiophorinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae), based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters. ZooKeys 655: 1-130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11894

Figures 105-121 - 105–108 Tropidiplus tellinii 105 female 106 tarsal claw with basal seta, lateral view (Lectotype male) 107 distal & proximal sclerites, internal view 108 aedeagus (Lectotype male) 109–112 Displatynychus adjutor 109, 110 female 111 distal sclerite 112 aedeagus. 113–115 Diocarphus solitarius. 113 distal and proximal sclerites in bursa copulatrix, internal view 114, 115 female 116–118 Cardiotarsus capensis 116, 117 male 118 bursal sclerites lectotype 119–121 Odontocardus vitalisi 119 distal sclerites of bursa copulatrix, internal view 120, 121 male. Scale bars: 1 mm for habiti, 0.5 mm for detail photos, 0.1 mm for tarsal claw. Captions reflect the revised classification.

Figures 155-162 from: Douglas HB (2017) World reclassification of the Cardiophorinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae), based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters. ZooKeys 655: 1-130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11894

Figures 155-162 - 155–157 Austrocardiophorus humeralis. 155 adult 156 proximal sclerite 157 aedeagus 158–160 Buckelater argutus 158 male 159 anterior view of head capsule of male 160 aedeagus 161–162 Ryukyucardiophorus loochooensis 161 female 162 proximal sclerite. Scale bars: 1 mm for habiti, 0.5 mm for detail photo. Captions reflect the revised classification.

Figures 50-62 from: Douglas HB (2017) World reclassification of the Cardiophorinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae), based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters. ZooKeys 655: 1-130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11894

Figures 50-62 - 50–53 Pachyelater madagascariensis 50 female 51, 52 male 53 aedeagus 54–56 Aphricus sp. 54 aedeagus 55, 56 male 57–58 Neocardiophorus mamajevi. 57 male 58 aedeagus 59–61 Nyctor expallidus. 59 aedeagus 60, 61 male 62 Metacardiophorus sogdianus, male paratype. Scale bars: 1 mm for habiti, 0.5 mm for detail photos. Captions reflect the revised classification.

Figures 122-139 from: Douglas HB (2017) World reclassification of the Cardiophorinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae), based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters. ZooKeys 655: 1-130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11894

Figures 122-139 - 122 Odontocardus vitalisi. Aedeagus 123–125 Triplonychoidus trivittatus paralectotype. 123 aedeagus 124, 125 male 126–131 Esthesopus castaneus 126, 127 male 128 ventral view of tarsomeres 4&5 129 tarsal claw 130 proximal sclerite of bursa copulatrix 131 aedeagus 132–135 Aptopus agrestis 132, 133 male 134 tarsal claw 135 aedeagus 136–139 Horistonotus flavidus 136, 137 lectotype female 138 proximal sclerite of lectotype 139 aedeagus Scale bars: 1 mm for habiti, 0.5 mm for detail photos, 0.1 mm for tarsal claw. Captions reflect the revised classification.

Figure 36 from: Douglas HB (2017) World reclassification of the Cardiophorinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae), based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters. ZooKeys 655: 1-130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11894

Figure 36 - Inferred phylogeny of Cardiophorinae and Negastriinae based on 159 adult morphological characters. Tree is a 50% majority-rule phylogram with branch lengths estimated by MrBayes, of 120000 post-burnin trees. Model = Mkv+G. Values are posterior probabilities. Scale bar indicates 0.1 changes per site. Several nodes are labelled a-l to simplify discussion. Taxon labels D, P, and N are members of Dendrometrinae, Physodactylinae and Negastriinae within the Cardiophorine. Genus name "Cardiophorus" indicates Cardiophorus.Names are pre-revision. Type species of genera are marked with "*".

Figures 23-35 from: Douglas HB (2017) World reclassification of the Cardiophorinae (Coleoptera, Elateridae), based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters. ZooKeys 655: 1-130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.655.11894

Figures 23-35 - 23–25 Dorsal view of aedeagus of Elateridae Scale bar = 0.5 mm). 23 Hypnoidus riparius Fabricius, 1792 [not Cardiophorinae] 24 Paracardiophorus cardisce 25 Blaiseus bedeli 28–31 Proximal sclerites of the bursa copulatrix of Cardiophorinae, interior view (top end of sclerite extends furthest into bursa) Scale bar = 0.5 mm). 28 Paracardiophorus cardisce 29 Paraplatynychus mixtus 30 Globothorax chevrolati 31 Esthesopus parcus Horn 32–33 Distal sclerites of the bursa copulatrix of Cardiophorinae, interior view Scale bar = 0.5 mm). 32 Cardiophorus inflatus 33 Cardiophorus gramineus 34–35 Sclerotised base of spermathecal gland duct of Cardiophorinae, lateral view Scale bar = 0.5 mm). 34 Paracardiophorus cardisce 35 Paracardiophorus musculus. SD = spermathecal gland duct. Captions reflect the revised classification.