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FIGURE 4 in A new species related to Alona costata Sars, 1862 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from South Africa

FIGURE 4. Alona natalensis sp. n. from Lakes Cave Tarn 3, Cobham, KwaZulu–Natal, the Republic of South Africa, parthenogenetic female: A–B – inner portion of limb III, С – inner portion of limb IV. Scale bar denotes 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 2 in A new species related to Alona costata Sars, 1862 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from South Africa

FIGURE 2. Alona natalensis sp. n. from Lakes Cave Tarn 3, Cobham, KwaZulu–Natal, the Republic of South Africa, parthenogenetic female: A–B – lateral view, C – antero-dorsal viev, D–E – sculpture of valves, F – head pores, H – postabdomen. Scale bars denote 0.1 mm for A-C, 0.05 mm for D, H, 0.01 mm for E-F.

FIGURE 3 in A new species related to Alona costata Sars, 1862 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from South Africa

FIGURE 3. Alona natalensis sp. n. from Lakes Cave Tarn 3, Cobham, KwaZulu–Natal, Republic of South Africa, parthenogenetic female: A–B – labrum, C – antennule, D – antenna, E–F – limb I and its ODL and IDL, H–G – limb II and its exopodite, I – exopodite of limb III, J – exopodite of limb IV, K – limb V, L – limb VI. Scale bar denotes 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in A new species related to Alona costata Sars, 1862 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from South Africa

FIGURE 1. Alona natalensis sp. n. from Lakes Cave Tarn 3, Cobham, KwaZulu–Natal, the Republic of South Africa: A – juvenile female of instar I, B – juvenile female of instar II, C–G – parthenogenetic female: C – lateral view, D – valve, E – posterior margin of valves, F – head pores, H–G – postabdomen. Scale bars denote 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 9. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 9. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake. A–E—parthenogenetic female: A—antennule, B—antenna, C–D—outer and inner part of thoracic limb I; E—juvenile male of instar I, inner part of thoracic limb I; F–G—juvenile male of instar II: F—antennule, G—inner part of thoracic limb I; H–I—adult male: H—antenna, I—thoracic limb I (endites not shown). Scale bar 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 6. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A–H in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 6. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A–H—specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: A–B—juvenile females of instar I–II, C—parthenogenetic female, D–E—ephippial female, F–G—juvenile males of instar I–II, H—adult male; I–K—parthenogenetic females: I—from Norway, Oslo, Lake Ostensjovand (specimen from G.O.Sars collection, slide F9012), J—from Belarus, Vitebsk Area, Miorskii district, Lake Obsterno, K - from Russia, Chita Area, Chita town, Lake Kenon. Scale bar 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 10. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 10. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake, parthenogenetic female, thoracic limbs: A—limb II (gnathobase filter plate not shown), B exopodite and soft seta of limb II, C—scrapers 6–8 of limb II, D—exopodite of limb III, E–F—inner part of limb III, G—exopodite of limb IV, H—scraping and flaming torch setae of limb IV; I–J—limb V, K –limb VI. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 5. Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1834) from Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr, parthenogenetic female, thoracic limbs: A—limb II, B—expodite of limb III, C–D—inner part of limb III, E—exopodite of limb IV, F—inner part of limb IV; G—limb V, H –limb VI. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 4. Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1834) from Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr. A–E—parthenogenetic female: A—antennule, B—antenna, C–D—outer and inner part of thoracic limb I, E—endites of limb II; F—juvenile male of instar I, inner part of thoracic limb I; G–H - juvenile male of instar II, G—antennule, H—inner part of thorachic limb I; I–K—adult male, I—antenna, J–K—outer and inner part of thoracic limb I. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 3. Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1834) from Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr. A–F—parthenogenetic female: A—valve, B–C—denticles of left and right valves of same specimens, D—head (note the one of antennules appears reaching the rostrum), E—outlines of labral keel, F–G—postabdomens; H–I—postabdomens of juvenile males of instar I–II; J—postabdomen of adult male. Scale bars: 0.1 mm for A, 0.05 mm for B–C, D–E and F–G.

FIGURE 2 in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 2. Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1834) from Russia, Moscow Area, Ruza District, Glubokoe Lake, A–J—parthenogenetic female: A—specimen in lateral view, B—specimen in anterodorsal view, C–D—denticles of the valves, E—posterior portion of valves in anteroventral view, F—head pores (lateral pore indicated by arrow), G—main head pores, H—postabdomen, I—antenna, J—apical setae of antenna; K–M—adult male: K—specimen in lateral view, L—specimen in anterodorsal view, M—posterior portion of postabdomen. Scale bars: 0.1 mm for A, B, L, K, 0.05 mm for E, H,I,J, 0.01 mm for F,G, 0.005 mm for C, D.

FIGURE 1 in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 1. Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1834). A–H—specimens from Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr: A–B—juvenile females of instar I–II, C—parthenogenetic female, D—ephippial female, E–F—juvenile males of instar I–II, G—adult male; H–J—parthenogenetic females: H - from Russia, Moscow Area, Ruza District, Glubokoe Lake, I-from Belarus, Vitebsk Area, Miorskii district, Lake Obsterno, J - from Russia, Irkutsk Area, Barguzinka river close to coast of Lake Baikal coast. Scale bar 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 8. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A–E in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 8. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A–E—denticles of the valves of specimens from various locations; F–K - specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: F—outlines of labral keel of female, G—female postabdomen, H–I—postabdomens of juvenile males of instar I–II; J—postabdomen of adult male, K—abnormal postabdomen of adult male (abnormal denticles indicated by arrows). Scale bars 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 7. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 7. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 females from Sweden, Uppland, Erken Lake, parthenogenetic female: A—specimen in lateral view, B—specimen in dorsolateral view, C—head in anterolateral view, D—posterior portion of valves in anteroventral view, E—head pores (lateral pore indicated by arrow), F—main head pores, G—postabdomen, H—postanal portion of postabdomen, I—postabdominal claw. Scale bars: 0.2 mm for A, B, 0.1 mm for C, D,G, 0.02 mm for E,H; 0.01 mm for F.

FIGURE 6 in New species of Alona from South-East Russia and Mongolia related to Alona salina Alonso, 1996 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 6. Alona floessneri sp. nov., Uvs Nuur lake, parthenogenetic female: A–B—lateral view. C–D—anteroventral and dorsoventral view. E—posteroventral angle of valve. F—head pores. G–H—postabdomen. I—antenna. Scale bars: 0.1 mm for A–D; 0.02 mm for G–I; 0.01 mm for E–F.

FIGURE 10. Alona salina Alonso, 1996 in New species of Alona from South-East Russia and Mongolia related to Alona salina Alonso, 1996 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 10. Alona salina Alonso, 1996, Laguna de la Dehesilla, parthenogenetic female. A–B—head pores. C-Elabrum. F—antennula. G—antenna. H–I—limb I and its ODL and IDL. J—limb II. K–L—exopodite and inner portion of limb III. M–N—exopodite and inner portion of limb IV. O—limb V. Scale bars: 0.1 mm for C–E, G; 0.05 mm for A–B, F, H–O.

FIGURE 3 in New species of Alona from South-East Russia and Mongolia related to Alona salina Alonso, 1996 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 3. Alona irinae sp. nov., Khasan lake, parthenogenetic female. A–B—head pores. C–E—labrum. Fantennula. G—antenna. H–I—limb I and its ODL and IDL. J—limb II. K–L—exopodite and inner portion of limb III. M–N—exopodite and inner portion of limb IV. O—limb V. Scale bars: 0.1 mm for C–E, G; 0.05 mm for A–B, F, H–O.

FIGURE 2 in New species of Alona from South-East Russia and Mongolia related to Alona salina Alonso, 1996 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 2. Alona irinae sp. nov., Khasan lake, parthenogenetic female. A– lateral view. B—front-lateral view. Cposteroventral angle of valve. D—head. E—head pores. F—postabdomen. G—antenna. Scale bar: 0.1 mm for A–B; 0.05 mm for D, F; 0.02 mm for G; 0.01 mm for C, E.

FIGURE 5 in New species of Alona from South-East Russia and Mongolia related to Alona salina Alonso, 1996 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 5. Alona floessneri sp. nov., Uvs Nuur lake, parthenogenetic female: A–B—lateral view. C—ventral margin of valve. D—posterio-ventral angle of valve. E—head shield. F–G—postabdomen. Scale bars: 0.1 mm for A-B, E and C, 0.05 mm for D, F-G.

FIGURE 9. Alona salina Alonso, 1996 in New species of Alona from South-East Russia and Mongolia related to Alona salina Alonso, 1996 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 9. Alona salina Alonso, 1996, Laguna de la Dehesilla, A–B—juvenile females of instar I and II. C–Hparthenogenetic female: C—lateral viev, D—valve, E—posteroventral angle of valve, F—head shield, G–Hpostabdomen. Scale bars: 0.1 mm for A–D, F; 0.05 mm for E, G–H.