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Fig. 3 in Taxonomic and Morphogenetic Description of the Freshwater Ciliate Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. (Ciliophora; Oxytrichidae) Isolated from Sanjay Lake, Delhi, India
Fig. 3. Line diagrams showing morphogenetic stages on ventral surface of protargol impregnated cells of Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. A, B – origin of OP apokinetally between the LMC and POVC for the opisthe; C – reorganization of parental UM (arrow), disaggregation of II/2 (arrowhead), III/2 (double arrowhead) and V/4 (double arrow) to form primordia IIp, IIIp and Vo respectively, kinetosomes from OP form primordia Io and IIo; D – dissagregation of IV/3 to form primordium IVp (arrow); kinetosomes from OP move anteriorly (arrowhead); the two primary primordia, one each formed from disaggregation of V/4 and V/3 split transversely (double arrow) to form primordia V and VI for proter and opisthe; E – full complement of 6 FVT primordia Ip to VIp (arrowhead) and Io to VIo (double arrowhead); F – within-row marginal primordia formation for RMC (arrowheads) and LMC (double arrowheads); G – differentiation of cirri in 1, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4 pattern; H – late divider showing formation of new dorsomarginals (arrowheads) close to newly formed RMC. LMC – left marginal cirri; OP – oral primordium. Scale bar: 20 µm.
Fig. 2 in Taxonomic and Morphogenetic Description of the Freshwater Ciliate Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. (Ciliophora; Oxytrichidae) Isolated from Sanjay Lake, Delhi, India
Fig. 2. Line diagrams showing protargol impregnated vegetative cells of Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. A – ventral surface; B – dorsal surface. AZM – adoral zone of membranelles, CC – caudal cirri, DK1–4 – dorsal kineties, DM1, 2 – dorsomarginals, EM – endoral membrane, LMC – left marginal cirri, PM – paroral membrane, RMC – right marginal cirri, II/2 – buccal cirri, I/1, II/3, III/3 – frontal cirri, VI/4, VI/3, IV/3, III/2 – frontoventral cirri, – IV/2, V/4, V/3 – postoral ventral cirri, V/2 and VI/2 – pretransverse ventral cirri, II/1, III/1, IV/1, V/1, VI/1 – transverse cirri. Scale bar: 20 µm.
Fig. 1 in Taxonomic and Morphogenetic Description of the Freshwater Ciliate Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. (Ciliophora; Oxytrichidae) Isolated from Sanjay Lake, Delhi, India
Fig. 1. Photomicrographs of live (A, B, E, F, G, H, J, K), protargol impregnated (C, D, I, L, M) and Feulgen stained (N) cells of Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. A, B – cells in ventral view; C – ventral view of a vegetative cell with 5 transverse cirri arranged in a pseudo row (arrow); D – dorsal view of a vegetative cell; E – ventral view to show the arrangement of cortical granules (arrowheads) and colou- ration; F, G and H – ventral view of different cells showing flexible body; I – anterior portion of the dorsal surface showing dorsal rows (arrowhead); J – anterior portion of the cell showing contractile vacuole (arrowhead); K – cyst; L – anterior hook (arrowhead) of paroral membrane; M – dorsal view showing caudal cirri (2 + 2 + 3) (arrowheads); N – two macronuclei. AZM – adoral zone of membranelles, LMC – left marginal cirri, RMC – right marginal cirri. Scale bars: 20 µm.
Fig. 5 in Cortical Localization of α- and γ-Tubulin and the Assembly of Cortical Microtubule Cytoskeleton in Hypotrichous Ciliate Euplotes eurystomus
Fig. 5. (A–D) Projections of the optical sections passing through the ventral surface of E. eurystomus cells in mitotic phase decorated with FLUTAX. Scale: 20 μm. (A) The AZM primordium appeared at the bottom-left of old AZM in the early stage of morphogenesis. (AZMP: adoral zone of membranelles primordium; UMP: undulating membrane primordium; arrow shows the UMP originated from the right side of AZMP). (B) The pattern of FVTC primordia was 3-3-3-2-2 from left to right, shown in a box (FVTCP: frontal–ventral–transverse cirri primordium; arrows show the blastema of ALM and PLM originating from the base of FVTCPs). (C) The AZM and UM of proter inherited the olds (white arrow), and those of opisthe were generated from the AZMP (black arrows show the primordium of the left marginal cirri). (D) Some old ciliary organelles still existed until the separation of the proter and opisthe (white arrows show the neonatal ALM and PLM; black arrows show the residual ALM; some old cirri are shown in the circle).
Fig. 3 in Cortical Localization of α- and γ-Tubulin and the Assembly of Cortical Microtubule Cytoskeleton in Hypotrichous Ciliate Euplotes eurystomus
Fig. 3. (A–C) Projection of optical section passing through the ventral surface of E. eurystomus cells decorated with the FLUTAX. Scale: 20 μm. (A) All the ventral ciliary organelles, and especially their base-associated microtubules, were strongly and clearly stained by FLUTAX (ALM: anterior longitudinal microtubules; PLM: posterior longitudinal microtubules; TM: transverse microtubules; PM: peripheral microtubules). (B) The microtubules associated with the adoral ciliary organelles were also marked by FLUTAX (SMB: small membranelle bracket; hollow arrow shows the microtubule fasolculus extending from the base of SMB; white arrow shows the microtubules in the adoral rib; black arrow shows the UM ciliary base–associated microtubules). (C) The FLUTAX decorated the short microtubular bundles between the bases of TCs (arrow).
Fig. 4 in Cortical Localization of α- and γ-Tubulin and the Assembly of Cortical Microtubule Cytoskeleton in Hypotrichous Ciliate Euplotes eurystomus
Fig. 4. (A–D) Projections of the optical sections passing through the dorsal cortex of E. eurystomus cells decorated with FLUTAX. Scale: 20 μm. (A) The leptos microtubular nets covered the dorsal cortex (arrow). (B) The longitudinal microtubules in the dorsal cortex (arrow). (C) The oblique microtubules in the dorsal cortex (arrow). (D) The dargyrome was faintly stained by the FLUTAX.
Fig. 1 in Cortical Localization of α- and γ-Tubulin and the Assembly of Cortical Microtubule Cytoskeleton in Hypotrichous Ciliate Euplotes eurystomus
Fig. 1. The permutation pattern of ciliary organelles in the ventral and dorsal of E. eurystomus cells (A, B). (A) The ventral ciliary pattern of E.eurystomus, (B) the dorsal ciliary pattern of E.eurystomus. (AZM: adoral zone of membranelles, OC: oral cirri; UM: undulating membranes, FVC: frontal–ventral cirri, TC: transverse cirri, CC: caudal cirri, LMC: left marginal cirri DK: dorsal kineties).
Fig. 5 in Rumen Ciliate Biota of Domestic Cattle (Bos taurus taurus) in İstanbul, Turkey and Infraciliature of Metadinium medium (Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae)
Fig. 5. Photomicrographs of D. dogieli. a, b – in MFS and Lugol's iodine from the right side. CV – contractile vacuole, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus. Narrow longitudinal thickening of the pellicle (arrowhead).
Fig. 7 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny
Fig. 7. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree based on the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences. Numbers at the nodes represent the bootstrap values of ML analyses and posterior probability of BI analyses. Fully supported (100%/1.00) branches are marked with solid circles. Asterisk (*) represents support values less than 50% and the disagreement between BI and the reference ML tree. The scale bar corresponds to two substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. The newly sequenced species in the present study is shown in bold.
Fig. 4 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny
Fig. 4. Divisional morphogenesis in Tachysoma pellionellum (after protargol staining). (A, B) Ventral views of an early divider. Note the basal bodies in the oral primordium forming an elongated field; arrowheads show the postoral ventral cirri which remain intact only for a short time. (C, D) Ventral views of an early divider. Arrowheads show the developing FVT-anlagen. (E, F) Ventral and dorsal view of a divider in early divisional stage. In E, arrow marks the old paroral which is dedifferentiating, double-arrowheads shows the UM-anlage formed to the right of the oral primordium as a long streak of basal bodies and arrowhead indicates the right marginal row anlagen developing intrakinetally; in F, arrows show the intrakinetal formation of the dorsal kineties anlagen 4 in the dividing cell. (G, H) Ventral and dorsal view of a divider in early divisional stage. In G, arrows show the first frontal cirri separating from the undulating membranes anlagen; arrowheads mark the left marginal row anlagen developing intrakinetally; in H, arrows show the intrakinetal formation of the dorsal kineties anlagen 4 in the dividing cell. DKA, dorsal kineties anlagen; II–VI, frontoventral–transverse cirral anlagen; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronucleus; OP, oral primordium; RMA, right marginal anlage. Scale bars: 15 µm (A, C) and 35 µm (B, D, E–H).
Fig. 4 in Rumen Ciliate Biota of Domestic Cattle (Bos taurus taurus) in İstanbul, Turkey and Infraciliature of Metadinium medium (Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae)
Fig. 4. SEM images of Diplodinium dogieli. a – from the left side, b – from the right side, c – from the right side in binary fission. AL – adoral lip, DCZ – dorsal ciliary zone, DL – dorsal lip, O – operculum. Narrow longitudinal thickening of the pellicle (arrowheads).
Fig. 1 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny
Fig. 1. Map of North America (the background from Google earth) showing the sampling sites. (A, B) Map showing Stone Mountain State Park, North Carolina, USA. (C, D), where Tachysoma pellionellum was collected.
Fig. 6 in Description of a New Brackish Water Ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Euplotida) Based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny
Fig. 6. Photomicrographs of Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. after protargol staining (A–I). (A–C) Opisthe's oral primordium at early dividers. (D) Proter's oral primordium. (E, F) Fontal-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen of early dividers. (G) A later divider showing the completion of development of oral primordium and cirral anlagen, arrows and arrow show newly formed ventral and frontal cirri respectively in the opisthe. (H, I) The same late divider showing the posterior part of adoral zone of membranelles (arrowheads) and the longest dorsal kinety 3 (arrows). AZM1, the anterior part of adoral zone of membranelles; CA, cirral anlagen; CC, caudal cirri; LMC, left marginal cirri; OP, opisthe's oral primordium; POP, proter's oral primordium; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 20 μm.
Fig. 7 in Description of a New Brackish Water Ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Euplotida) Based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny
Fig. 7. Phylogenetic tree inferred by ML and BI of SSU rRNA gene sequences. Numbers near branches denote ML bootstraps value/BI posterior probability value. '*' indicates topology that differ between ML and BI phylogenies. All branches are drawn to scale. The scale bar corresponds to 5 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. GenBank accession numbers are given for each species. Classification is mainly according to Lynn (2008).
Fig. 3 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny
Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of Tachysoma pellionellum in vivo (A–D) and after protargol staining (E–H). (A–D) Ventral views of typical individuals; arrow in Fig. B marks the contractile vacuole, arrows in Fig. C show the refringent globules and arrowheads demonstrate the dorsal cilia. (E) Ventral view of the infraciliature; showing the frontoventral (in rectangle) and postoral ventral cirri (in circle). (F) Ventral view of anterior portion of infraciliature. (G) Ventral view of posterior portion of infraciliature, showing the pretransverse ventral cirri (dashed line). (H) Dorsal view of the infraciliature, showing the dorsal kineties (arrowheads). AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CV, contractile vacuole; E, endoral; FC, frontal cirri; FVC, frontoventral cirri; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; P, paroral; PVC, postoral ventral cirri; PTVC, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; Scale bars: 55 µm (A), 35 µm (E) and 15 µm (F, G).
Fig. 3 in Rumen Ciliate Biota of Domestic Cattle (Bos taurus taurus) in İstanbul, Turkey and Infraciliature of Metadinium medium (Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae)
Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of M. medium in binary fission from the right side, after pyridinated silver carbonate impregnation. AP – adoral polybrachykinety, DAP – dorso-adoral polybrachykinety, DP – dorsal polybrachykinety, DPR – dorsal primordium, KL – kinety loop, LP – left primordium, NP – narrow polybrachykinety between ventral and right primordia, PK – paralabial kineties, RPR – right primordium, VP – vestibular polybrachykinety, VPR – ventral primordium.
Fig. 2 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny
Fig. 2. Morphology of Tachysoma pellionellum from life (A–C) and after protargol staining (D–F). (A) Ventral view of a representative individual. (B, C) Detail of cell, arrows indicate the refringent globules and arrowhead shows the food vacuole. (D) Detailed ventral view of the anterior region, showing the frontoventral (in rectangle) and postoral ventral cirri (in ellipse). (E, F) Ciliature of ventral and dorsal side and nuclear apparatus, the dashed ellipse depicts the postoral ventral cirri; arrowhead indicates the micronucleus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CV, contractile vacuole; E, endoral; FC, frontal cirri; FVC, frontoventral cirri; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; P, paroral; PTVC, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; 1–6, dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 40 µm.
Fig. 6 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny
Fig. 6. Photomicrographs of Tachysoma pellionellum during divisional morphogenesis (after protargol staining). (A, B) Ventral views of early dividers, note the basal bodies in the oral primordia forming an elongated field; arrows show the postoral ventral cirri which remain intact. (C, D) Ventral views of early dividers. In C, arrow in the proter marks the paroral which is dedifferentiating; arrow in the opisthe shows the anlage of the undulating membranes, and arrowhead indicates the right marginal anlage; in D, arrows show the first frontal cirri separating from the anlagen of the undulating membranes, and arrowheads mark the left marginal anlagen. (E–G) Ventral and dorsal view of a middle-stage divider. In E, arrowhead shows the first frontal cirrus and arrows mark the right marginal anlagen; in G, double-arrowheads show the first frontal cirrius, arrowheads mark the left marginal anlagen, and arrows show the intrakinetal formation of the dorsal kineties anlagen 1. (H, I) Ventral and dorsal view of a late divider; arrows show the dorsal kineties 6. II–VI, FVT-anlagen; Ma, macronuclear nodules; OP, oral primordium; 2–5, dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 20 µm (B, D, F) and 45µm (I).
Fig. 5 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny
Fig. 5. Middle and late dividers of Tachysoma pellionellum, after protargol staining. (A, B) Ventral and dorsal view of a middle-stage divider. In A, arrowheads show the first frontal cirri and arrows mark the left marginal anlagen; in B, arrows mark the intrakinetal formation of the dorsal kineties anlagen 4. (C, D) Ventral and dorsal view of a mid-divider. In C, arrowheads show the first frontal cirri, arrows mark the left marginal anlagen and double-arrowheads show the anlagen of dorsal kineties; in D, arrows mark the intrakinetal formation of the dorsal kinety anlagen 4. (E, F) Ventral and dorsal view of a late divider; double-arrowheads show the dorsomarginal kineties (dorsal kineties 6) and arrowheads show the left marginal row. (G, H) Ventral and dorsal view of a late-stage divider; arrowheads show the dorsomarginal kineties (dorsal kineties 6). DKA, dorsal kineties anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; 1–6, dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 45 µm.
Fig. 1 in Rumen Ciliate Biota of Domestic Cattle (Bos taurus taurus) in İstanbul, Turkey and Infraciliature of Metadinium medium (Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae)
Fig. 1. Schematic figure of infraciliature of Metadinium medium from the right side, after pyridinated silver carbonate impregnation. AP – adoral polybrachykinety, DAP – dorso-adoral polybrachykinety, DP – dorsal polybrachykinety, KL – kinety loop, PK – paralabial kineties, VP – vestibular polybrachykinety.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.