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FIGURE 13. Chaetozone akaina n in New species of Cirratulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from abyssal depths of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, North Equatorial Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 13. Chaetozone akaina n. sp. Holotype (USNM 1557544): A, Anterior end, dorsal view; B, posterior end, dorsal view; C, notopodial acicular spine from posterior setiger; D–E, neuropodial acicular spines from posterior setiger.

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FIGURE 3. Aphelochaeta clippertonensis n in New species of Cirratulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from abyssal depths of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, North Equatorial Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 3. Aphelochaeta clippertonensis n. sp. Holotype (USNM 1557530): A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, posterior end, dorsal view.

FIGURE 9 in Description of Bathynema nodinauti gen. n., sp. n. and four new Trophomera species (Nematoda: Benthimermithidae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Eastern Tropic Pacific), supplemented with the keys to genera and species*

FIGURE 9. Trophomera sp., male. A, B, cephalic end; C, posterior end; D, spicula. Abbreviations: l.a = lateral ala; a = amphid; v.d = vas deferens.

FIGURE 5 in Description of Bathynema nodinauti gen. n., sp. n. and four new Trophomera species (Nematoda: Benthimermithidae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Eastern Tropic Pacific), supplemented with the keys to genera and species*

FIGURE 5. Trophomera minutissima sp. n., female, holotype. A, total view; B, genital system; C, cephalic end, lateral view; D, posterior end. Abbreviation: a = amphid.

FIGURE 2. Bathynema nodinauti gen. n in Description of Bathynema nodinauti gen. n., sp. n. and four new Trophomera species (Nematoda: Benthimermithidae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Eastern Tropic Pacific), supplemented with the keys to genera and species*

FIGURE 2. Bathynema nodinauti gen. n. sp. n., male, holotype. A, anterior end, lateral view; B, anterior end laterally, surface view; C, anterior end, frontal view; D, posterior end; E, spicula.

FIGURE 12 in Description of Bathynema nodinauti gen. n., sp. n. and four new Trophomera species (Nematoda: Benthimermithidae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Eastern Tropic Pacific), supplemented with the keys to genera and species*

FIGURE 12. Main types of Trophomera female reproductive systems. A, two testes directed anterior; B, testes arranged consecutively in tandem and connected by joint spermaduct, posterior testis having a small caecum directed anterior; C, testes arranged consecutively in tandem and connected by joint spermaduct; D, testes arranged consecutively in tandem and connected by joint shortened spermaduct; E, testes almost merged; F, testes merged in one long testis. From Miljutin (2004).

FIGURE 3 in Description of Bathynema nodinauti gen. n., sp. n. and four new Trophomera species (Nematoda: Benthimermithidae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Eastern Tropic Pacific), supplemented with the keys to genera and species*

FIGURE 3. Trophomera elegantis sp. n., female, holotype. A, total view; B,C, cephalic end, lateral view; D, female genital system; E, posterior end. Abbreviation: t = trophosoma.

FIGURE 6 in Description of Bathynema nodinauti gen. n., sp. n. and four new Trophomera species (Nematoda: Benthimermithidae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Eastern Tropic Pacific), supplemented with the keys to genera and species*

FIGURE 6. Trophomera pacifica sp. n., female, holotype. A, total view; B, cephalic end, lateral view; C, anterior part of cephalic end laterally, surface view; D, posterior end (some small, hardly visible lateromedian, somatic sensilla pointed to by arrows). Abbreviation: a = amphidial aperture.

FIGURE 7 in Description of Bathynema nodinauti gen. n., sp. n. and four new Trophomera species (Nematoda: Benthimermithidae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Eastern Tropic Pacific), supplemented with the keys to genera and species*

FIGURE 7. Trophomera pacifica sp. n., female, holotype. A, anterior ovary; B, vulva region; C, posterior ovary. Some small, hardly visible lateromedian, somatic sensilla are pointed to by arrows.

FIGURE 4 in Description of Bathynema nodinauti gen. n., sp. n. and four new Trophomera species (Nematoda: Benthimermithidae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Eastern Tropic Pacific), supplemented with the keys to genera and species*

FIGURE 4. Trophomera marionensis (Petter 1983b), female. A, cephalic end; B, posterior end. Abbreviations: n.r = nerve ring; t = trophosome.

FIGURE 11 in Description of Bathynema nodinauti gen. n., sp. n. and four new Trophomera species (Nematoda: Benthimermithidae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Eastern Tropic Pacific), supplemented with the keys to genera and species*

FIGURE 11. Main types of shapes of posterior ends occuring in Trophomera species. 1a, rounded tail; 1b, rounded tail with terminal spine; 1c, rounded tail with terminal spine possesing additional cuticular layers and granular inclusions; 1d, rounded tail with abnormal terminal spine; 1e, rounded tail with small terminal knob; 2a, tail in shape of rounded cone; 2b, cone-shaped tail; 2c, cone-shaped tail with attenuatous tip; 2d, cone-shaped tail with terminal spine.

FIGURE 3. Vasopora ceramica n. gen., n in Vasopora ceramica n. gen., n. sp.-a new abyssal cyclostome bryozoan from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 3. Vasopora ceramica n. gen., n. sp. Holotype, ZIRAS 1/50740. A–C, rotational views of capitulum; D, lateral view of capitulum periphery, showing relatively short, radially arranged peristomes connected with trabeculate network defining alveoli and extrazooidal spaces; E, frontal view of half the capitulum, showing distal third of gonozooid connected with marginal peristomes by narrow vertical ridges/trabeculae; F, oblique view of autozooidal peristome and aperture, showing dense spinose granulation of interior surfaces and less evident sparse tubercules on exterior; G, autozooidal peristome surrounded by alveoli and extrazooidal spaces; H, side-view of capitulum margin with peristomes surrounded by alveoli and extrazooidal spaces; note densely spinulate to granular surface of all capitulum structures contrasting with smooth surface of outer rim and column; I, vertical view of autozooidal aperture with dense spinose granulation around internal margin; J, frontal view of zooidal peristome with thin parallel ridges (continuations of spine-like marginal processes) and sparse circular communication pores on coarse tuberculated surface; K, enlargement of J, showing distal third of peristome with partially abraded/broken margin; L, close-up of K, showing irregularly-shaped crystallites flanking peristomial ridge and surrounding communication pores; M, close-up of J, showing basal part of peristome with imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites; N, basal region of column, showing its smooth surface; note undulating basal margin of column, following micro-relief irregularities along attachment to substratum; O, enlargement of column surface, showing planar-spherulitic fabric of closely appressed acicular crystallites. Scale bars: A–C, 250 µm; D, E, G, H, N, 100 µm; F, I–K, 50 µm; L, M, O, 25 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Vasopora ceramica n. gen., n. sp.-a new abyssal cyclostome bryozoan from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 1. The eastern Russian exploration area of the CCFZ, with depth intervals ranging from 4510 m (orange) to 5280 m (purplish-blue), showing sampling stations for Vasopora ceramica n. gen., n. sp.

FIGURE 2. Vasopora ceramica n. gen., n in Vasopora ceramica n. gen., n. sp.-a new abyssal cyclostome bryozoan from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 2. Vasopora ceramica n. gen., n. sp. Holotype, ZIRAS 1/50740. A–D, rotational views of fertile colony; E, capitulum with centrally located incubation chamber, covered and surrounded by network of ridges and alveoli, with radially arranged autozooidal peristomes at periphery; F, oblique view of colony attached to nodule particle; G, center to margin of capitulum, showing distal half of incubation chamber with ooeciopore, with trabecular ridges in-between, and connecting peristomes with gonozooid, encircling deep alveoli; H, gonozooid with numerous irregular pores within shallow alveoli on roof surface, surrounded by dense network of tuberculated ridges defining deep marginal alveoli; I–L, rotational views of gonozooid: I, distal, J, lateral, K, distolateral, and L, back-side view; note continuous cover of thick ridges, connected to trabecular network around peristomes; M, N, frontal and distal views of ooeciopore, respectively; O, close-up of L, showing shallow alveolus and coarse surface; P, enlargement of trabeculate ridge margin, showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites; Q, enlargement of gonozooid wall, showing pore surrounded by wedge-shaped crystallites. Scale bars: A–F, 250 µm; G–L, 100 µm; M, N, 50 µm; O, P, 25 µm; Q, 5 µm.

FIGURE 4. Vasopora ceramica n. gen., n in Vasopora ceramica n. gen., n. sp.-a new abyssal cyclostome bryozoan from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 4. Vasopora ceramica n. gen., n. sp. Specimen YMG4–17, Stn 381. A, general view of ancestrular colony with three mature zooids, attached to nodule particle, fractured along expanded base; B, base of colony, showing protoecial dome (central zooid with own basal wall) with ancestrular peristome emerging from its apex, and first daughter zooid also originating from protoecium laterally (precise place of its communication pore outside plane of section); note elongated marginal, radially arranged trabeculae separating tubular extrazooidal alveolar spaces and kenozooid-like chambers; C, same, tilted forward; note shortened trabeculae delineating oval to cubical kenozooid-like chambers, surrounding ancestrular peristome with first daughter zooid in arch-like pattern; D, enlargement of protoecial dome with ancestrular peristome emerging from its entire roof and first daughter zooid also originating from protoecium laterally; E, same, tilted forward; F, detail of protoecial dome. Scale bars: A, 250 µm; B, C, 100 µm; D–F, 50 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Mixtophyes toothlessi sp. n., a new Kinorhyncha species (Anomoirhaga: Neocentrophyidae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, with a revision of terminology and taxonomic features of the family

FIGURE 2. Line art illustrations of adults of Mixtophyes thoothlessi sp. n. A. Male, ventral view. B. Male, dorsal view. C. Dorsal overview showing the LTS length. Abbreviations: co, cuticular ornamentation; cr, cuticular ridge; gco, glandular cell outlet; mlp, midlateral spinose process; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; mdp, middorsal process; mlp, midlateral process; ms, muscular scar; msp, minute spine; mtp, midterminal process; pdse, paradorsal seta; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; plse, paralateral seta; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; ss3, type 3 sensory spot; tsj, tergosternal junction; vlse, ventrolateral seta; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot. Scalebar: 100 μm.

FIGURE 1 in Mixtophyes toothlessi sp. n., a new Kinorhyncha species (Anomoirhaga: Neocentrophyidae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, with a revision of terminology and taxonomic features of the family

FIGURE 1. Map showing the collection points of the new species. A. General map of the Clarion Clippertone-Zone location. B. Map of the CCZ, with the UKSR area marked in purple. C: Close-up of the sampling area; white dots mark the sampling points. The colour gradient bar shows the water depth (m) under the medium sea level.

FIGURE 5 in Mixtophyes toothlessi sp. n., a new Kinorhyncha species (Anomoirhaga: Neocentrophyidae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, with a revision of terminology and taxonomic features of the family

FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Scanning electron micrographs of adult paratype of paratype of Mixtophyes toothlessi sp. n. A. Lateral overview. B. Detail on the anterior region of segment 1. C. Detail of the middorsal spinose process of segment 9. D. Detail of a sensory spot. E. View of the right half of the tergal plates of segments 1–3. F. Dorsal view of segments 10–11. G. Glandular cell outlet. H. View of the right half of the tergal plates of segments 10–11. I. Putative bacterial epibionts. J. Type 3 sensory spots of segment 11. Abbreviations: lts, lateral terminal spines; mdp, middorsal spinose process; mlp, midlateral spinose process. Numbers after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment. Sensory spots marked as dashed circles. Scalebars: A: 100 μm; B–C, E–F, H: 10 μm; D, G, I–J: 1 μm.

FIGURE 4 in Mixtophyes toothlessi sp. n., a new Kinorhyncha species (Anomoirhaga: Neocentrophyidae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, with a revision of terminology and taxonomic features of the family

FIGURE 4. Light micrographs of male holotype of Mixtophyes toothlessi sp. n. showing trunk overviews and detailed trunk characters. A. Dorsal overview. B. Detail of dorsal spinose process and setae of segment 4. C. Detail on dorsal placids. D. Detail on ventral placis. E. Detail of lateral position of segment 8 showing the paralateral seta. F. Detail of lateral position of segment 8 showing paralateral and ventrolateral setae. G. Close-up of a sensory spot and a glandular cell outlet of segment 3. H. Detail of the middorsal spinose process of segment 10. I. Detailed dorsal view of segment 11. J. Detail on the midterminal process of segment 11. Abbreviations: gco, glandular cell outlet; lts, lateral terminal spine; mdp, middorsal spinose process; mds, middorsal spine; mlp, midlateral spinose process; mtp, midterminal process; pdse, paradorsal seta; plse, paralateral seta; ss, sensory spot; ss3, type 3 sensory spot; vlse, ventrolateral seta. Numbers after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment. Sensory spots marked as dashed circles. Scalebars: A: 100 μm; C–D: 20 μm; B, E–J: 10 μm.

FIGURE 3 in Mixtophyes toothlessi sp. n., a new Kinorhyncha species (Anomoirhaga: Neocentrophyidae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, with a revision of terminology and taxonomic features of the family

FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of male holotype of Mixtophyes toothlessi sp. n. showing the main trunk characters. A. Dorsal view of segments 1–2. B. Ventral view of segments 1–2. C. Dorsal view of segments 3–5. D. Ventral view of segments 3–5. E. Dorsal view of segments 6–8. F. Ventral view of segments 6–8. G. Dorsal view of segments 9–11. H. Ventral view of segments 9–11. Abbreviations: lts, lateral terminal spine; mdp, middorsal spinose process; mlp, midlateral spinose process; msp, minute spine; pdse, paradorsal seta; plse, paralateral seta; ss, sensory spot; ss3, type 3 sensory spot; vlse, ventrolateral seta. Numbers after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment. Sensory spots marked as dashed circles. Scalebars: A–H: 20 μm.