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2,444 results for “Color”
Coloration of a point source in Wave Field Synthesis -- data
<p>This database entry contains stimuli and results from the experiments described in [1]. In the experiment different Wave Field Synthesis (WFS) systems synthesising a point source were rated in terms of their perceived coloration compared to a real point source. This was done for different audio material, namely pink noise, speech, and music and different listener positions. The different WFS systems consisted always of a circular loudspeaker array with a radius of 3m, but different number of employed loudspeakers. To control for the exact listening position, allow instantaneous switching between listening positions, and allow for very high numbers of loudspeakers in the WFS systems the experiment was performed with binaural synthesis without head tracking.</p> <p>The corresponding binaural room scanning (BRS) files for the binaural simulation can be found in the file `brs.zip`, the employed noise and speech stimuli in `stimuli.zip` (note that we cannot release the employed music stimulus, which was a twelve second clip from the electronic song “Luv deluxe” by “Cinnamon Chasers”). The file `results.zip` contains the results of all 16 listeners and the file analysis.zip` calculated average values and a plotting script.</p> <p>[1] Wierstorf, H., Hohnerlein, C., Spors, S., Raake, A. (2014), “Coloration in wave field synthesis,” 55th International Aes Conference, Paper 5-3</p>
Categorical facilitation with equally discriminable colors
<p>This data supplements the study of:</p> <p>Witzel, C., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2015). Categorical facilitation with equally discriminable colors. Journal of Vision, 15(8), 22. doi:10.1167/15.8.22, http://jov.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2381517</p> <p>The Excell-file provides the data shown in Figure 4 of the above article, which shows the main results. The first sheet (trained) provides the data for the first, experienced group of participants, the second sheet (naive) the data for the naive, untrained group of participants.</p> <p>Rows refer to the 20 stimulus pairs.</p> <p>Columns:</p> <p>sti_ctg = category membership of each colour in a pair.</p> <p>sti_type = type of colour pair: 1 = centre pair, 2 = boundary, 3 & 4 = transitional pairs</p> <p>sti_azi = Hue (azimuth) in DKL-space</p> <p>rt = response times, one column for each observer</p> <p>er = error rates, one column for each observer</p>
An Easy Way to Show Memory Color Effects
<p>This dataset supplements the following article:</p> <p>Witzel, C. (2016). An Easy Way to Show Memory Color Effects. i-Perception, 7(5), 1-11. doi:10.1177/2041669516663751; http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2041669516663751</p> <p>The Excell file includes three sheets. In all sheets, rows correspond to participants, the three first columns provide sex, age, and colour deficiency (0 = colour deficient, 1 = non-deficient). The columns "memcol" provide the main data, i.e. the choice between the grey and the bluish version of the respective stimulus.</p> <p><strong>Sheet 1: Study1</strong></p> <p>Data corresponds to Figure 3: memcol1 = disk, memcol2 = banana.</p> <p><strong>Sheet 2: Study2a</strong></p> <p>Data corresponds to Figure 4: memcol1 = disk, memcol2 = banana, memcol3-6 = Mix1-4.</p> <p><strong>Sheet 3: Study2b</strong></p> <p>Data corresponds to Figure 5: memcol1-4 = Mix1-4.</p>
Different spectral sensitivities of ON- and OFF-motion pathways enhance the detection of approaching color objects in Drosophila - Processed Data
<p>Processed data and code for plotting figures for the paper:</p><p>"Different spectral sensitivities of ON- and OFF-motion pathways enhance the detection of approaching color objects in Drosophila", by Kit D. Longden, Edward M. Rogers, Aljoscha Nern, Heather Dionne, Michael B. Reiser.</p><p>Data (compressed results folder) and plotting code (compressed src folder) are MATLAB files (see READ_ME for version information and toolboxes). The Source Data excel file also contains the data plotted in the paper figures.</p>
Data from: Ontogeny of color development in two green-brown polymorphic grasshopper species
<p class="MsoNormal">Many insects, including several orthopterans, undergo dramatic changes in body coloration during ontogeny. This variation is particularly intriguing in gomphocerine grasshoppers, where the green and brown morphs appear to be genetically determined (Schielzeth & Dieker, 2020; Winter, Varma, & Schielzeth, 2021). A better understanding of how these color morphs develop during ontogeny can provide valuable insights into the evolution and ecology of such a widespread color polymorphism. Here, we focus on the color development of two green-brown polymorphic species, the club-legged grasshopper <em>Gomphocerus sibiricus </em>and the steppe grasshopper <em>Chorthippus</em> <em>dorsatus</em>. By following the color development of individuals from hatching to adulthood, we found that color morph differences begin to develop during the second nymphal stage,<span> are clearly defined by the third nymphal stage,</span> and remain stable throughout the life of an individual. Interestingly, we also observed that <span>shed skins of late nymphal stages are identifiable by color morphs based on their yellowish coloration, rather than the green that marks green body parts. </span>Furthermore, by assessing how these colors are perceived by different visual systems, we found that certain potential predators can chromatically discriminate between morphs, while others may not. These results suggest that the putative genes controlling color morph are active during the early stages of ontogeny, and that green color is likely composed of two components, one present in the cuticle and one not. In addition, the effectiveness of camouflage appears to vary depending on the specific predator involved.</p>
- Tergite 2 smooth to superficially punctate laterally (a), if ambiguous (some E. tombeaodiba) then tergite 1 stouter, less than 1.5x longer than apically wide; general coloration bright yellow (b); tropical Africa ………………………………………………………………………………………10 in A review of the Afrotropical Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) with the descriptions of five new species
- Tergite 2 smooth to superficially punctate laterally (a), if ambiguous (some E. tombeaodiba) then tergite 1 stouter, less than 1.5x longer than apically wide; general coloration bright yellow (b); tropical Africa ………………………………………………………………………………………10
- Metasoma usually uniformly colored (a); clypeus with a distinct subapical tubercle (b); body and ovipositor smaller (B <25mm; OT <6) ……………………………………………………………6 in A review of the Afrotropical Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) with the descriptions of five new species
- Metasoma usually uniformly colored (a); clypeus with a distinct subapical tubercle (b); body and ovipositor smaller (B <25mm; OT <6) ……………………………………………………………6
- Sternite 1 without a pair of submedian tubercles, tubercles present on sternites 2–4 only (a); general coloration pale to striking yellow with isolated black markings (b) …………………………………7 7. Apex of subtegular ridge concave, laterally flanged (A) ……………………………………………8 - Apex of subtegular ridge convex, without lateral flange (a) ……………………………………9 in A review of the Afrotropical Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) with the descriptions of five new species
- Sternite 1 without a pair of submedian tubercles, tubercles present on sternites 2–4 only (a); general coloration pale to striking yellow with isolated black markings (b) …………………………………7 7. Apex of subtegular ridge concave, laterally flanged (A) ……………………………………………8 - Apex of subtegular ridge convex, without lateral flange (a) ……………………………………9
Figure 10. Proepisternal color. A. Cicindela d in A morphological and mtDNA analysis of the badlands tiger beetle, Cicindela (s. str.) decemnotata Say, 1817 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) with the description of three new subspecies C. Barry Knisley
Figure 10. Proepisternal color. A. Cicindela d. decemnotata, male, "ID: Freemont Co., Targhee Nat. Forrest, 18- V-2007" (MGKC). B. Cicindela d. decemnotata, male, "MT: Broadwater Co., SE of Canyon Ferry Res., 7-V-2007" (MGKC)
Northern Lights Color
<p>Winner in the 2023 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Still images with smartphones-mobile devices : Northern Lights-Color, by Jason Johnson</p> <p>This photograph taken with a smartphone captures the ethereal beauty of the Northern Lights at Cassidy Point, Yellowknife, NT, Canada on 24 March 2023, at temperatures well below freezing (–29°C). The mesmerising dance of the Aurora Borealis (Australis), commonly known as the Northern (Southern) Lights, paints the night sky in striking hues. The aurora is a natural phenomenon caused by charged particles from the Sun interacting with Earth’s atmosphere, and being redirected by Earth’s magnetic field towards the north and south polar regions. The charged particles excite atoms and molecules in the atmosphere, resulting in a light display that varies in colour and form. The different colours of an aurora are determined by the gases (atoms and molecules) in Earth's atmosphere, the altitude of the aurora, the density of the atmosphere, and the energy of the charged particles. In general, green is attributed to oxygen molecules, red is associated with high-altitude oxygen molecules, purple and blue are associated with hydrogen and helium, and pink auroras are typically associated with nitrogen. On this particular night, the serene environment of Cassidy Point provided an unobstructed view of the lights. In the foreground, Aurora Village can be seen, a site renowned for organised tours to witness this spectacle.</p> <p>Credit: Jason Johnson/IAU OAE (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">CC BY 4.0</a>)</p>
Supplemental Movie 3: Simultaneous dual-color imaging of ICC-SM in the colon and adjacent SMCs.
<p><strong><span>Supplemental Movie 3: Simultaneous dual-color imaging of ICC-SM in the colon and adjacent SMCs.<span> </span></span></strong><span>Video shows spontaneous, propagating Ca<sup>2+</sup> waves through an ICC-SM network along the submucosal surface of the CM in the proximal colon.<span> </span>FOVs are from a muscle of a mouse expressing GCaMP6f in ICC (left FOV; colored green) and RCaMP1.07 in SMCs (right FOV; colored red) imaged simultaneously with a 20x objective. The characteristics of the fluorophores are such that there is minimal spectral overlap. Signals in ICC-SM and SMCs are coordinated, showing initiation of each cycle of Ca<sup>2+</sup> transients in the ICC-SM network followed by activation of SMCs adjacent to ICC-SM. Bottom panel shows traces from fluorescence images:<span> </span>ICC-SM transients (green trace) preceded Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals in SMCs (red trace). Copied with permission from Reference </span><span><span>(133)</span></span><span>.</span></p> <p><strong><span> </span></strong></p>
Rodents show darker and redder coloration in warm and rainy environments
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Gloger's rule predicts that warmer and wetter areas favor more pigmented animals. Yet, the original formulation lacks differentiation between the two primary pigments: eu- and pheomelanin. We examined geographic variation in eumelanin and pheomelanin to unravel how various ecological factors influence pigment deposition, and to assess support for the complex version of Gloger's rule.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> South America.</p> <p><strong>Time period:</strong> Contemporary.</p> <p><strong>Major Taxa Studied:</strong> Sigmodontine rodents.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We extracted pelage color data from 231 species and quantified the variation in eu- and pheomelanin deposition at the assemblage level. We performed linear multiple regression to investigate the influence of temperature, precipitation, predator diversity, and UVA-B radiance in eumelanin (lightness) and pheomelanin (redness).</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Our findings support the original formulations of Gloger's rule. Rodents in warmer and rainier regions, which also entails greater exposure to UV radiation and a diverse range of predators, exhibit darker-colored pelage. In addition, redder rodents prevail in warmer environments. However, contrary to the rule predictions, we observe a reversal for reddish patterns in relation to precipitation, with rainier regions showcasing more intense red rodents.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> Our study breaks new ground by investigating previously unexplored facets of Gloger's rule in a continental mammalian group. We discovered compelling evidence that darker and redder coloration align closely with temperature and rainfall gradients. Although we found support for eumelanin-pelage predictions, expectations for pheomelanin pigmentation were only partially met. Our results might suggest that selective pressures act differently on dark and reddish coloration, revealing that coloration patterns in response to climate are more intricate than previously formulated.</p>
Code and example images from: recolorize: An R package for flexible color segmentation of biological images
<p>Color pattern variation provides biological information in fields ranging from disease ecology to speciation dynamics. Comparing color pattern geometries across images requires color segmentation, where pixels in an image are assigned to one of a set of color classes shared by all images. Manual methods for color segmentation are slow and subjective, while automated methods can struggle with high technical variation in aggregate image sets. We present recolorize, an R package toolbox for human-subjective color segmentation with functions for batch-processing low-variation image sets and additional tools for handling images from diverse (high variation) sources. The package also includes export options for a variety of formats and color analysis packages. This paper illustrates recolorize for three example datasets, including high variation, batch processing, and combining with reflectance spectra, and demonstrates the downstream use of methods that rely on this output.</p>
Fig. 5. Mean Gonadosomatic Index for C in Color pattern variation in Cichla temensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae): Resolution based on morphological, molecular, and reproductive data
Fig. 5. Mean Gonadosomatic Index for C. temensis variants grouped by CPV grade. a) Females from the Igapó Açú (Region 1). b) Females from the rio Caures (Region 2). c) Males from the Igapó Açú region. d) Males from the rio Caures. A significant correlation between GSI and CPV Grade was found for males and females in both collecting regions, p <.01 for a, b, d, and d.
Fig. 4 in Color pattern variation in Cichla temensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae): Resolution based on morphological, molecular, and reproductive data
Fig. 4. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of 50 sequences sampled from the paca and açu variants of Cichla temensis (Genbank accession numbers HQ230011 - HQ230016) The phylogeny was rooted a posteriori with Cichla species of the clade A (sensu Willis et al. 2010) (GU295691- GU295704). The scale represents an HKY85 genetic distance.
Fig. 3. a in Color pattern variation in Cichla temensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae): Resolution based on morphological, molecular, and reproductive data
Fig. 3. a) Mean (± SEM) lateral line scale counts for C. temensis, C. monoculus, and C. orinocensis. ANOVA showed no significant differences among the C. temensis variants but revealed significant differences interspecifically. Post hoc t tests (horizontal starred bar) revealed that all species were significantly different, p <0.0001*. b) Mean (± SEM) body depth to Standard Length ratio (adjusted for gonad size differential) for C. temensis, C. monoculus, and C. orinocensis. ANOVA showed no significant differences among the C. temensis variants but revealed significant differences interspecifically. Post hoc t tests (horizontal starred bar) revealed that all C. temensis were significantly different from both sympatric species, p <0.0001*.
Fig. 2 in Color pattern variation in Cichla temensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae): Resolution based on morphological, molecular, and reproductive data
Fig. 2. Collecting regions in two cyclically flooding drainages in the rio Amazon basin. Region 1, the Igapó-Açu region, a blackwater tributary complex of the rio Madeira, provided specimens of C. temensis and C. monoculus. Region 2, the rio Caures, a blackwater tributary of the rio Negro, provided specimens of C. temensis and C. orinocensis.
Fig. 2 in Host-adapted Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in straw-colored fruit bats in Nigeria
Fig. 2. Genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in strawcolored fruit bats by small subunit rRNA-based PCRRFLP. Upper panel: SspI RFLP patterns; lower panel: VspI RFLP patterns; M: 100-bp molecular markers; H: C. hominis positive control; P: C. parvum positive control; B1: Cryptosporidium bat genotype XIV; B2: Cryptosporidium bat genotype XV.
Fig. 4 in Host-adapted Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in straw-colored fruit bats in Nigeria
Fig. 4. Phylogeny of Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in bats based on Bayesian inference analysis of sequences of the internal transcribed spacer of the rRNA gene. The posterior probability values are indicated on the branches. Red ones are E. bieneusi genotypes identified in straw-colored fruit bats in the present study. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Data from: Interactions between sexual signaling, thermoregulation and body size drive ecology and evolution of wing colors in Odonata
<p>This dataset consists of images of the fore and hind wings (and associated metadata) of 4091 individual odonate specimens, and thus over 8000 wings, imaged on a commercially-available Epson desktop flatbed scanner and color-calibrated using a color-checker, comprising the Targeted Odonata Wing Digitization dataset (TOWD; <a href="https://digitizingdragonflies.org/">https://digitizingdragonflies.org/</a>) The odonates imaged are all from the Nearctic, and represent 343 species. </p> <p>In this dataset, 47% of images come from the Alabama Museum of Natural History (ALMNH), 19% from the PhD thesis collection of William Kuhn (now housed at the American Museum of Natural History, AMNH), 19% from the collection of the late Michael L. May, and 13% from Jessica Ware’s Rutgers-University Newark collection (now housed at the AMNH). </p> <p>Files are individual PNGs where transparency is the background. </p> <p>Metadata includes species, sex, and county. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.