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123 results for “Cubozoa”
PLATE 1 in Nematocysts of the Cubozoa
PLATE 1. Alatina mordens Gershwin (holotype), tentacular and bell nematocysts. A. Lemonshaped euryteles, tentacle. B. Spherical isorhizas, bell.
PLATE 6 in Comments on Chiropsalmus (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida): a preliminary revision of the Chiropsalmidae, with descriptions of two new genera and two new species
PLATE 6. Chiropsella bronzie, gen. et sp. nov., tentacular nematocysts. A. Cigarshaped microbasic pmastigophore (a), small oval 'beehive' isorhizas (b), and rodshaped isorhizas (c). B. Cigarshaped microbasic pmastigophore (a), small spherical prhopaloid (b), and small rodshaped isorhizas (c). C. Small spherical prhopaloid (a), small oval 'beehive' isorhizas (b), and rodshaped isorhizas (c).
Figure 9 in An illustrated key and synopsis of the families and genera of carybdeid box jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), with emphasis on the "Irukandji family" (Carukiidae)
Figure 9. Morbakka sp. from the Philippines (USNM 28713): (A) whole specimen of the large individual, (B) whole specimen of the small individual, (C) rhopaliar niche ostium, (D) pedalial canal of the large specimen, (E) pedalial canal bend of the small specimen, (F) velarial canals of the small specimen, (G) velarial canals of the large specimen, (H, I) unidentified nematocyst capsules from the tentacles. rho: rhopaliar horn, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pl: perradial lappet. Scale bars: 10 mm (A, B and G), 5 mm (C–F), and 50 µm (H, I).
Figure 5 in An illustrated key and synopsis of the families and genera of carybdeid box jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), with emphasis on the "Irukandji family" (Carukiidae)
Figure 5. Malo filipina: (A) whole specimen, USNM 27936, (B) view from subumbrellar opening into subumbrellar cavity; the manubrium was cut open showing the inside of the lower portion of the stomach (USNM 27936), (C) frenulum 27936, (D) velarium with perradial lappet (USNM 27936), (E) velarium with perradial lappet (USNM 27935), (F) pedalium (USNM 28714), (G) pedalial canal with proximal pedalial canal bend (USNM 27936), (H) rhopaliar niche (USNM 27936). fre: frenulum, ma: manubrium, me: mesenterium, nw: nematocyst wart, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pl: perradial lappet, rho: rhopaliar horn, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, ve: velarium. Scale bars: 10 mm (A, B, D–F), 5 mm (C, G and H).
Figure 3 in An illustrated key and synopsis of the families and genera of carybdeid box jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), with emphasis on the "Irukandji family" (Carukiidae)
Figure 3. Key characters for identification of the Carybdeida: (A) location of taxonomic characters (Carybdea brevipedalia; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (B) T-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium; note the three scales covering the niche, thus leaving a T-shaped ostium, (C) heartshaped rhopaliar niche ostium; niche ostium with only one upper covering scale, (D) key-hole shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Copula sivickisi, (E) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tripedalia, (F) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tamoya, (G) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium with rhopaliar horns in Malo, (H, I) vertical gastric phacellae in the stomach of Tamoya, (J) multiple pedalia on each corner of the swimming bell in Tripedalia, (K) crescentric gastric phacellae in Alatina (apical view). cs: covering scale, ma: manubrium, ph: gastric phacellae (comprises gastric cirri) in the stomach cavity, pc: pedalial canal, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pe: pedalium, rh: rhopalium, rn: rhopaliar niche that opens on the exumbrellar side of the bell with the rhopaliar niche ostium, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, sto: stomach, te: tentacle, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.
Figure 4 in An illustrated key and synopsis of the families and genera of carybdeid box jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), with emphasis on the "Irukandji family" (Carukiidae)
Figure 4. Characters distinguishing the genera of Carukiidae. The location of the characters illustrated in (A–J) are indicated on the specimen in the upper left hand corner. The rhopaliar niche ostium is always horizontally oriented and more or less oval in the Carukiidae; however, its shape may vary among specimens. Carukia: (A) rhopaliar niche with horns, (B) velarium, (C) tentacle with "neckerchiefs"; Malo: (D) rhopaliar niche with horns, (E) velarium; Gerongia: (F) rhopaliar niche with horns, (G) velarium; Morbakka: (H, I) differences of rhopaliar niche and horns between M. fenneri (H) and M. virulenta (I), in both cases the rhopaliar horns are "rabbit-ear" shaped but the angle and breadth of the horns vary, (J) velarium. nc: "neckerchief", nw: nematocyst wart, pl: perradial lappet, rn: rhopaliar niche, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.
Figure 2 in An illustrated key and synopsis of the families and genera of carybdeid box jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), with emphasis on the "Irukandji family" (Carukiidae)
Figure 2. Representative species of box jellyfish from each family of Carybdeida (A–E) and one from Chirodropida (F). Note that the chirodropid possesses multiple tentacles per pedalium (F) whereas the carybdeid species possess only a single tentacle per pedalium (A–E). (A) Tamoya ohboya (Tamoyidae; image courtesy of Tim Lowry), (B) Malo kingi (Carukiidae), (C) male and female of Copula sivickisi coupling during courtship (Tripedaliidae; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (D) Carybdea branchi (Carybdeidae; image courtesy of Brent Viljoen), (E) Alatina sp. (Alatinidae), (F) Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (Chiropsalmidae). sb: swimming bell, pe: pedalium, te: tentacle.
Figure 1 in An illustrated key and synopsis of the families and genera of carybdeid box jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), with emphasis on the "Irukandji family" (Carukiidae)
Figure 1. Family level relationships within Cubozoa following Bentlage et al. (2010). Key characters to the orders and families are indicated on the branches of the cladogram. Detailed explanations of the characters can be found in the dichotomous key and associated figures. Chirodropida possess multiple tentacles per pedalium (A) whereas Carybdeida possess a single tentacle per pedalium (B). In the Tripedaliidae multiple pedalia each bearing a single tentacle may be present that can be mistaken for multiple tentacles arising from a single pedalium. The families of the Carybdeida can be identified using the following characters. Alatinidae (C): rhopaliar niche ostium T-shaped. Carukiidae (D): rhopaliar niche ostium with rhopaliar horns, stomach lacking gastric phacellae. Tamoyidae (E): rhopaliar niche ostium frown-shaped, lacking rhopaliar horns, gastric phacellae vertical. Tripedaliidae (F): rhopaliar niche ostium keyhole-shaped, or alternatively rhopaliar niche ostium frown-shaped and two or three pedalia per corner instead of one. Carybdeidae (G): rhopaliar niche ostium heart-shaped.
Figure 7 in An illustrated key and synopsis of the families and genera of carybdeid box jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), with emphasis on the "Irukandji family" (Carukiidae)
Figure 7. Morbakka virulenta: (A) specimen in its natural environment in Hiroshima Bay (image courtesy of Masato Kawahara), (B) whole specimen of the neotype USNM 1124253, (C) interior of stomach with area corrugata, (D) subumbrellar view with manubrium and mesentery, (E) frenulum, (F) velarium with perradial lappet, (G) pedalium with nematocyst warts on outer keel and overhang on inner keel, (H) pedalial canal with pedalial canal bend, (I) rhopaliar niche. (B, C, I) USNM 1124253; (H) USNM 114252. ac: area corrugata, fre: frenulum, ik: inner keel, ma: manubrium, me: mesentery, ok: outer keel, pl: perradial lappet, rho: rhopaliar horn, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, ve: velarium. Scale bars: 10 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Redescription of Alatina alata (Reynaud, 1830) (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) from Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean
FIGURE 4. Alatina alata specimens, preserved and live (all except A–C from Kralendijk, Bonaire (The Netherlands) the same locality as the neotype). A. USNM 53659, oral view of manubrium and four crescentric gastric phacellae in each corner of the stomach (BW=19 mm, BH=47 mm). B. USNM 53659, dissected tuft of gastric cirri from crescentric gastric phacella. C. USNM 53659, dissected gastric cirri, appearing as central mass in stomach of developing medusa (BW=10 mm, BH=22 mm). D. USNM 1195807, gastric phacellae and adjacent ripe paired gonads in preserved female medusa. E. USNM 1195807, dissected crescentric gastric phacella from mature medusa. F. USNM 1195806, lateral view of manubrium with mouth lips curled up. G. Live mature medusa, gonads beginning to rupture following a reproductive swarming episode (live, BW=60, BH=90). H. USNM 1195807, gonads dissected from mature female, bilayer of mature oocytes visible along adradial point of rupture. Live photographs by T. Peters (Fish Eye Photography Bonaire) and A. Yanagihara. (Fish Eye Photography, Bonaire). Abbreviations: eg=eggs, gc=gastric cirri, ma=manubrium, ml=mouth lips, pb=primary branch, ph=gastric phacellae (comprises gastric cirri), is=interradial septum. Scale bars: 5 mm (A & D), 2mm (B, C, E, F, H).
FIGURE 3 in Redescription of Alatina alata (Reynaud, 1830) (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) from Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean
FIGURE 3. Alatina alata from Kralendijk, Bonaire, The Netherlands (same location as neotype). A. & B. USNM 1195807, velarial canals (3 per octant) in preserved medusa, simple to branching (one outlined with dotted line in Fig 3A). Each canal bears a row of 3 nematocyst warts on the proximal first half to two thirds, i.e., on the velarial lappets. A clump of disassociated eggs is seen within the velarial canal on the left. C. USNM 1195802 (neotype), velarium of live medusa, partially pushed out revealing velarial canals. D. USNM 1195806, double layered frenulum anchoring the subumbrella to velarium at perradius. E. USNM 1195807, nematocyst wart on velarial lappet filled with isorhiza nematocysts. F. USNM 1195804, rhopalium dissected from preserved medusa, bears two median complex eyes, two upper lateral pit eyes, and two lower lateral slit eyes. G. USNM 1195806, subumbrella view of rhopalial window of preserved medusa, outline of rhopalial niche opening visible. Live photographs by T. Peters (Fish Eye Photography, Bonaire) & A. Yanagihara. Abbreviations: cel=complex eye lens, fre=frenulum, g=gonads, nw=nematocyst wart, pc=pedalial canal, pe=pit eye, pd=pedalium, rh=rhopalium, rno=rhopalial niche opening, rst=rhopalial stalk, se=slit eye, sta=statocyst, usc=upper scale of rhopalial niche covering. ve=velarium, vec=velarial canal, vel=velarial lappet. Scale bars: 5 mm (A & D), 10 mm (C), 1 mm (E), 3 mm (G).
FIGURE 1 in Redescription of Alatina alata (Reynaud, 1830) (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) from Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean
FIGURE 1. Line drawings of A. alata reproduced from Reynaud (1830) and Bigelow (1938) (as Carybdea alata). A. Whole body showing bell, tentacles and pedalia (reproduced from Reynaud (1830). B–G, Reproduced from Bigelow (1938). B. Pedalium, C. Velarial canals (BH=70 mm), D. Velarial canals (BH=90 mm), E. Rhopalial niche with T–shaped opening, F. Bell apex showing crescentric gastric phacellae, G. Dissected gastric phacella (comprising gastric cirri). Abbreviations: i=interradius (location of pedalium), p=perradius (location of frenulum), vec=velarial canal (three per quadrant, simple to branching).
FIGURE 2. A in Redescription of Alatina alata (Reynaud, 1830) (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) from Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean
FIGURE 2. A. alata neotype (USNM 1195802 unless otherwise specified) from Kralendijk, Bonaire, The Netherlands. A. Mature female medusa (live), whole body (live, BW=40, BH=70). B. Apical portion showing stomach and crescentric gastric phacellae, visible in each corner, and wide central manubrium opening into subumbrella in live medusa. C. Pedalium and tentacle of live medusa. D. Velarial canals (3 per octant) in preserved medusa: each bears a row of 3 nematocyst warts on proximal first half to two thirds (on the velarial lappets) (dashed arrows indicate the main three velarial canals and branches extending from the main base of each canal). E. USNM 1195803–1195806, preserved mature medusae from the same locality as the neotype. F. T–shaped rhopalial niche opening with nematocyst warts on upper and lower scale coverings in live medusa. Live photographs by T. Peters (Fish Eye Photography, Bonaire) & A. Yanagihara. Abbreviations: cc=circular canal, fre=frenulum, g=gonads, i=interradius, lsc=lower scale of rhopalial niche covering, nw=nematocyst wart, ph=gastric phacellae (comprises gastric cirri), pc=pedalial canal, pd=pedalium, rh=rhopalium, rno=rhopalial niche opening, rst=rhopalial stalk, sta=statocyst, sto=stomach, te=tentacle, usc=upper scale of rhopalial niche covering. Scale bars: 5 mm (B & F).
FIGURE 6 in Redescription of Alatina alata (Reynaud, 1830) (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) from Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean
FIGURE 6. Alatina alata in situ images. A. A. alata at a depth of 2 m from Kralendijk, Bonaire, The Netherlands. Reflection on the underside of the surface of the water seen above the medusa (frame grab from video by D. Karamehmedovic & A. Yanagihara). B. Series of digital frame grabs taken from video footage of a mature A. alata medusa actively ascending in the water column; filmed at a depth of 500–540 m, West off Gorda Cay, Bahamas, from Johnson Sea Link I manned submersible (video voucher USNM 1195809). B. Photograph of A. alata medusa oriented parallel to the ocean bottom, photographed by the Remotely Operated Vehicle SeaROVER at a depth of about 100 m in the Gulf of Mexico (USNM 1005621). No specimen was collected as a museum voucher for multimedia material.
FIGURE 5 in Redescription of Alatina alata (Reynaud, 1830) (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) from Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean
FIGURE 5. Cnidome of Alatina alata (all extracted from preserved material unless specified otherwise). A. Nematocyst bands along the length of the tentacle of a live specimen collected in Bonaire (June 2013). B. & E. Undischarged, microbasic heterotrichus p–euryteles extracted from tentacles; filaments associated with euryteles in B (USNM 1195807). C. Discharged microbasic heterotrichus p–eurytele extracted from tentacles of live medusa. D. Lancet contiguous with discharged tubule of microbasic heterotrichus p–eurytele extracted from tentacles (USNM 1195805) F. Small undischarged birhopaloid found in tentacles of preserved specimen USNM 1195807. G. Large undischarged holotrichus isorhizas found in nematocysts warts (i.e., bell warts & velarial lappet warts (USNM 1195802, neotype). H. Large discharged holotrichus isorhizas found in bell warts (USNM 1195802). H. Abbreviations: cp=capsule, fl=filaments, ln=lancet, nbnd=nematocyst band, sft=shaft, tb=tubule. Scale bars: ~150 µm (A), 10 µm (B, E, F), 25 µm (C), 20 µm (G, H).
FIGURE 9 in Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis
FIGURE 9. Revised distribution of Carybdea species.
Figure 8 in An illustrated key and synopsis of the families and genera of carybdeid box jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), with emphasis on the "Irukandji family" (Carukiidae)
Figure 8. Nematocysts of Morbakka virulenta; for identifications and sizes see cnidome description.
Figure 6 in An illustrated key and synopsis of the families and genera of carybdeid box jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), with emphasis on the "Irukandji family" (Carukiidae)
Figure 6. Nematocysts of Malo filipina; for identifications and sizes see cnidome description.
Figure 8 from: Toshino S, Miyake H, Shibata H (2015) Meteorona kishinouyei, a new family, genus and species (Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Chirodropida) from Japanese Waters. ZooKeys 503: 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.503.9047
Figure 8 - Meteorona kishinouyei sp. n., young medusa, paratype NSMT-Co1570. A, B lateral view C apical view D oral view. All bars represent 1 cm.
Figure 5 from: Toshino S, Miyake H, Shibata H (2015) Meteorona kishinouyei, a new family, genus and species (Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Chirodropida) from Japanese Waters. ZooKeys 503: 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.503.9047
Figure 5 - Illustration of Meteorona kishinouyei sp. n., holotype. A, B lateral view C apical view D oral view. All scale bars represent 1 cm.
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