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210 results for “Data Reliability”
Data from: Birds land reliably on complex surfaces by adapting their foot-surface interactions upon contact
Birds land on a wide range of complex surfaces, yet it is unclear how they grasp a perch reliably. Here, we show how Pacific parrotlets exhibit stereotyped leg and wing dynamics regardless of perch diameter and texture, but foot, toe, and claw kinematics become surface-specific upon touchdown. A new dynamic grasping model, which integrates our detailed measurements, reveals how birds stabilize their grasp. They combine predictable toe pad friction with probabilistic friction from their claws, which they drag to find surface asperities—dragging further when they can squeeze less. Remarkably, parrotlet claws can undergo superfast movements, within 1–2 ms, on moderately slippery surfaces to find more secure asperities when necessary. With this strategy, they first ramp up safety margins by squeezing before relaxing their grasp. The model further shows it is advantageous to be small for stable perching when high friction relative to normal force is required because claws can find more usable surface, but this trend reverses when required friction shrinks. This explains how many animals and robots may grasp complex surfaces reliably.
Experts fail to reliably detect AI-generated histological data
<p>This repository contains material related to the paper "<em>Experts fail to reliably detect AI-generated histological data</em>":</p> <ul> <li>Dreambooth parameters (<em>dreambooth_parameters.zip</em>)</li> <li>Images displayed during the study <em>(images.zip)</em></li> <li>Data collected during the survey (<em>results-survey.xlsx</em>)</li> <li>R Code to reproduce results and figures (<em>analysis_code.zip</em>)</li> </ul> <p>Please find our associated work here:</p> <p>Hartung, J., Reuter, S., Kulow, V.A., Fähling, M., Spreckelsen, C., and Mrowka, R. (2024). Experts fail to reliably detect AI-generated histological data. Sci Rep <em>14</em>, 28677. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73913-8.</p>
Source code and data used in "Reliable Editions from Unreliable Components"
<p>Source code and data used in Riddell, A. B. (2022). Reliable Editions from Unreliable Components: Estimating Ebooks from Print Editions Using Profile Hidden Markov Models.</p>
Data from: Backfire effects after correcting misinformation are strongly associated with reliability
<p>The backfire effect is when a correction increases belief in the very misconception it is attempting to correct, and it is often used as a reason not to correct misinformation. The current study aimed to test whether correcting misinformation increases belief more than a no-correction control. Furthermore, we aimed to examine whether item-level differences in backfire rates were associated with test-retest reliability or theoretically meaningful factors. These factors included worldview-related attributes, namely perceived importance and strength of pre-correction belief, and familiarity-related attributes, namely perceived novelty and the illusory truth effect. In two nearly identical experiments, we conducted a longitudinal pre/post design with N = 388 and 532 participants. Participants rated 21 misinformation items and were assigned to a correction condition or test-retest control. We found that no items backfired more in the correction condition compared to test-retest control or initial belief ratings. Item backfire rates were strongly negatively correlated with item reliability (⍴ = -.61 / -.73) and did not correlate with worldview-related attributes. Familiarity-related attributes were significantly correlated with backfire rate, though they did not consistently account for unique variance beyond reliability. While there have been previous papers highlighting the non-replicable nature of backfire effects, the current findings provide a potential mechanism for this poor replicability. It is crucial for future research into backfire effects to use reliable measures, report the reliability of their measures, and take reliability into account in analyses. Furthermore, fact-checkers and communicators should not avoid giving corrective information due to backfire concerns.</p>
Data from: Environmental DNA metabarcoding reliably recovers arthropod interactions which are frequently observed by video recordings of flowers
<p>Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding promises to be a cost- and time-efficient monitoring tool to detect interactions of arthropods with plants. However, observation-based verification of the eDNA derived data is still required to confirm whether the arthropods indeed previously interacted with the plant. Here we conducted a comparative analysis of the performance of eDNA metabarcoding and video camera observations to detect arthropod communities associated with sunflowers (<em>Helianthus annuus</em>, L.). We compared the taxonomic composition, interaction type, and diversity by testing for an effect of arthropod interaction time and occupancy on successful taxon recovery by eDNA. We also tested if pre-washing of the flowers successfully removed eDNA deposition from before the video camera recording, thus enabling a reset of the community for standardized monitoring. We find that eDNA and video camera observations recovered distinct communities, with about a quarter of the arthropod families overlapping. However, the overlapping taxa comprised ~90% of the interactions observed by the video camera. Interestingly, eDNA metabarcoding recovered more unique families than the video cameras, but approx. two-third of those unique observations were rare species. The eDNA-derived families were biased towards plant sap-suckers, showing that such species may deposit more eDNA than e.g. transient pollinators. We also find that pre-washing of the flower heads did not suffice to remove all eDNA traces, suggesting that eDNA on plants may be more temporally stable than previously thought. Our work highlights the great potential of eDNA as a tool to detect plant-arthropod interactions, particularly for specialized and frequently interacting taxa.</p>
Figures and Data for "CO2 rock physics modeling for reliable monitoring of geologic carbon storage"
<p>The following data includes all data used to generate figures in this study. We will update the link to the paper once it is published. It has been accepted in Nature Comm Earth and Environment. LANL has approved this release: LA-UR-24-25434.</p>
Data for Emergent reliability in sensory cortical coding and inter-area communication
<p>The data for Ebrahimi, Sadegh, et al. "Emergent reliability in sensory cortical coding and inter-area communication." Nature 605.7911 (2022): 713-721.</p>
Laser ablation depth profile data for different IODP and ODP Sites and age intervals from Voigt et al. "Assessing the recrystallisation of planktonic foraminifera in Pelagic sediments and the reliability of Mg/Ca values with Laser Ablation (LA-) ICP-MS"
<p>These files contain the final processed laser ablation ICP-MS depth profiles of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca through the shell walls of fossil planktonic foraminifera tests from specific time intervals from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Sites U1334, U1335, U1336, U1337, U1338 and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) SIte 1218 in the eastern equatorial Pacific.</p> <p>These data are from Voigt et al. "Assessing the recrystallisation of planktonic foraminifera in Pelagic sediments and the reliability of Mg/Ca values with Laser Ablation (LA-) ICP-MS", a manuscript submitted to the journal <em>Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology</em></p>
Figure 1 in Using photo by-catch data to reliably estimate spotted hyaena densities over time
Figure 1: Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park's geographic position within Africa and South Africa. The park is separated into two sections, Hluhluwe and iMfolozi. These sections are separated by a paved road known as the R618 (Corridor Road).
Data from: Skin swabbing of amphibian larvae yields sufficient DNA for efficient sequencing and reliable microsatellite genotyping
Skin swabbing, a minimally invasive DNA sampling method recently developed on adult amphibians, was tested on larvae of fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra). The quality and quantity of the sampled DNA was evaluated by (i) measuring DNA concentration in DNA extracts, (ii) sequencing part of the mtDNA cytochrome b gene (692 bp) and (iii) genotyping eight polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci. The multiple-tubes approach was used for calculating allelic dropout (ADO) and false allele (FA) rates to evaluate the reliability of the genotypes. DNA extracts from tissue samples of road-killed individuals were included in the study as positive controls. Our results showed that skin swabs of fire salamander larvae can provide DNA in sufficient quantity and quality, as sequencing was successful and no allelic dropouts or false alleles were detected. This method, tested for the first time on amphibian larvae, has proven to be an efficient and reliable alternative to the controversial tail fin clipping procedure.
Data from: Do aggressive signals evolve toward higher reliability or lower costs of assessment?
It has been suggested that the evolution of signals must be a wasteful process for the signaller, aimed at the maximization of signal honesty. However, the reliability of communication depends not only on the costs paid by signallers but also on the costs paid by receivers during assessment, and less attention has been given to the interaction between these two types of costs during the evolution of signalling systems. A signaller and receiver may accept some level of signal dishonesty by choosing signals that are cheaper in terms of assessment but that are stabilized with less reliable mechanisms. I studied the potential trade-off between signal reliability and the costs of signal assessment in the corncrake (Crex crex). I found that the birds prefer signals that are less costly regarding assessment rather than more reliable. Despite the fact that the fundamental frequency of calls was a strong predictor of male size, it was ignored by receivers unless they could directly compare signal variants. My data revealed a response advantage of costly signals when comparison between calls differing with fundamental frequencies is fast and straightforward, whereas cheap signalling is preferred in natural conditions. These data might improve our understanding of the influence of receivers on signal design because they support the hypothesis that fully honest signalling systems may be prone to dishonesty based on the effects of receiver costs and be replaced by signals that are cheaper in production and reception but more susceptible to cheating.
Data from: Scrutinizing key steps for reliable metabarcoding of environmental samples
1. Metabarcoding of environmental samples has many challenges and limitations that require carefully considered laboratory and analysis pipelines to ensure reliable results. We explore how decisions regarding study design, laboratory work and bioinformatic processing affect the final results, and provide guidelines for reliable study of environmental samples. 2. We evaluate the performance of four primer sets targeting COI and 16S regions characterising arthropod diversity in bat faecal samples, and investigate how metabarcoding results are affected by parameters including: i) number of PCR replicates per sample, ii) sequencing depth, iii) PCR replicate processing strategy (i.e. either additively, by combining the sequences obtained from the PCR replicates, or restrictively, by only retaining sequences that occur in multiple PCR replicates for each sample), iv) minimum copy number for sequences to be retained, v) chimera removal, and vi) similarity thresholds for OTU clustering. Lastly, we measure within- and between-taxa dissimilarities when using sequences from public databases to determine the most appropriate thresholds for OTU clustering and taxonomy assignment. 3. Our results show that the use of multiple primer sets reduces taxonomic biases and increases taxonomic coverage. Taxonomic profiles resulting from each primer set are principally affected by how many PCR replicates are carried out per sample and how sequences are filtered across them, the sequence copy number threshold and the OTU clustering threshold. We also report considerable diversity differences between PCR replicates from each sample. Sequencing depth increases the dissimilarity between PCR replicates unless the bioinformatic strategies to remove allegedly artefactual sequences are adjusted according to the number of analysed sequences. Finally, we show that the appropriate identity thresholds for OTU clustering and taxonomy assignment differ between target markers. 4. Metabarcoding of complex environmental samples ideally requires i) investigation of whether more than one primer sets targeting the same taxonomic group is needed to offset the effect of primer biases, ii) more than one PCR replicate per sample, iii) bioinformatic processing approaches of sequences that balance diversity detection with removal of artificial sequences, and iv) empirical selection of OTU clustering and taxonomy assignment thresholds tailored to each genetic marker and the obtained taxa.
Data from: probing variation in reaction norms in wild populations: the importance of reliable environmental proxies
<p><span>Many traits are phenotypically plastic, i.e., the same genotype expresses different phenotypes depending on the environment. Genotypes and individuals can vary in their response to the environment and this genetic (G×E) and individual (I×E) variation in reaction-norm slopes can have important ecological or evolutionary consequences. Studies on I×E/G×E often fail to show slope variation, potentially due to the choice of the environmental covariate. Identifying the genuine environmental driver of phenotypic plasticity (the cue) is practically impossible and hence only proxies can be used. If the proxy is too weakly correlated with the cue, this may lead researchers to conclude there is little or no (variation in) plasticity, and hence lead to downwardly biased estimates of the potential for plastic responses (or evolutionary change in the slope) in response to environmental change. Alternatively, the Environment-Specific Mean phenotype (ESM) across individuals—which captures all environmental effects on the phenotype—as covariate should be less prone to such bias. We showed by simulation—after verifying the concept analytically—that using weakly correlated proxies indeed biased estimates of slope variation vis-à-vis the true cue downward but that ESM as a covariate held up well, even when multiple sources of I×E or an interaction between environments (I×E×E) existed in the data. Analysis of two real datasets revealed that estimated I×E and G×E, respectively, were more sizeable and precise when using ESM as opposed to reasonably informative environmental proxies. We argue that the ESM approach should be adopted by biologists as a yardstick in the study of (variation in) plasticity in the wild and that it may serve as a useful starting point for the search of better environmental proxies and unravelling complex I×E or G×E patterns.</span></p>
Data from: Reliability of macrofossils in woodrat (Neotoma) middens for detecting low-density tree populations
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Data from: Reliability modelling and analysis of a multi-state element based on a dynamic Bayesian network
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Data from: Extracellular DNA extraction is a fast, cheap and reliable alternative for multi-taxa surveys based on soil DNA
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Data from: The program STRUCTURE does not reliably recover the correct population structure when sampling is uneven: sub-sampling and new estimators alleviate the problem
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Data from: Reliable effective number of breeders/adult census size ratios in seasonal-breeding species: opportunity for integrative demographic inferences based on capture-mark-recapture data and multilocus genotypes
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Data from: Using public surveys to reliably and rapidly estimate the distributions of multiple invasive species on the Andaman archipelago
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Data from: Comparing direct and indirect selfing rate estimates: when are population-structure estimates reliable?
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ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.