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407 results for “Enchytraeida”
FIGURE 12 in Three new enchytraeid species (Enchytraeidae, Annelida) from mountain soils of Korea and ten species new for the country
FIGURE 12. Micrographs of Cernosvitoviella atrata (Bretscher, 1903). A. Brain. B. Anterior bifurcation of dorsal blood vessel in prostomium. C. Coelomocytes (marked with black arrow), chloragogen cells (marked with white arrow). D. Nephridia. E. Sperm funnels and vasa deferentia. F. Spermathecae. All in vivo. Scale bars 50 μm.
FIGURE 4 in Three new enchytraeid species (Enchytraeidae, Annelida) from mountain soils of Korea and ten species new for the country
FIGURE 4. Micrographs of Cognettia koreana sp. n. A–C. Sperm funnels (marked with arrows). D, E. Penial bulbs (marked with arrows). F. Mature eggs. G–J. Spermathecae (ampullae marked with black arrows, ectal gland marked with white arrow). A–D, F–G, J in vivo, E, H–I fixed, stained. Scale bars A, B, D–G 50 μm, C, H–J 20 μm. (H, paratype slide 2786; I, paratype slide 2294).
Data from: Different roles of elevational and local environmental factors on abundance-based beta diversity of the soil Enchytraeidae on the Changbai Mountain
The elevational alpha biodiversity gradient in mountain regions is one of the well-known ecological patterns, but its beta diversity pattern remains poorly-known. Examining the beta diversity and its components could enhance the understanding of community assembly mechanism. We studied the beta diversity pattern of the soil enchytraeids along a distinct elevational gradient (705—2280 m) on the Changbai Mountain, the best-preserved mountain in northeastern China. The overall abundance-based community dissimilarity was relatively high (ca. 0.70), largely due to the balanced-variation component (85%). The overall dissimilarity and its balanced-variation (substitution) component were both related to local environmental heterogeneity and elevational distance, with the environmental relationships being stronger. In contrast, the abundance-gradient (subsets) component was not related to the two gradients. The same important spatial and environmental variables were detected in structuring overall dissimilarity and substitution component, different from that in subsets component. Variation partitioning analysis showed that environmental control played a more important role than spatial (vertical and horizontal) factors in structuring the patterns of overall beta diversity and its two components. The predictive power of multivariate analysis was higher for the substitution component (nearly 50%) and overall dissimilarity (35%), but much lower for subsets components (< 4%). These findings implied that abundance-based beta diversity patterns of the soil enchytraeids were the results of different ecological processes (e.g. environmental sorting and dispersal limitation), operating in the two antithetic components. Our study showed the substitution and loss of individuals reflecting different ecological processes and highlights the importance of partitioning beta diversity in assessing biodiversity patterns and their causes.
FIGURE 9 in Seven new species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from New Caledonia, South Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 9. Grania fiscellata sp. n.. A: Chaetae. B: Clitellar cell pattern. C: Overview of I–VII. D: Penial apparatus. E: Spermatheca.
FIGURE 4 in Seven new species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from New Caledonia, South Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 4. Grania galbina sp. n.. A: Chaetae. B: Clitellar cell pattern. C: Overview of I–VII. D: Penial apparatus. E: Spermatheca.
FIGURE 7 in Seven new species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from New Caledonia, South Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 7. Grania papillata sp. n.. A: Chaetae. B: Clitellar cell pattern. C: Epidermal papilla in V. D: Overview of I– VII. E: Penial apparatus. F: Spermatheca.
FIGURE 5 in Seven new species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from New Caledonia, South Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 5. Grania curta sp. n.. A: Chaetae. B: Clitellar cell pattern. C: Overview of I– VIII. D: Penial apparatus. E: Spermatheca.
FIGURE 6 in Seven new species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from New Caledonia, South Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 6. Grania fustata sp. n.. A: Chaetae. B: Clitellar cell pattern. C: Overview of I– VII. D: Penial apparatus. E: Spermatheca.
FIGURE 2 in Seven new species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from New Caledonia, South Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 2. Grania novacaledonia sp. n.. A: Chaetae. B: Clitellar cell pattern. C: Overview of I– VII. D: Penial apparatus. E: Spermatheca.
FIGURE 1 in Seven new species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from New Caledonia, South Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 1. Map of New Caledonia showing sampling areas from three different expeditions in 1978, 1993 and 2000.
FIGURE 3 in Seven new species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from New Caledonia, South Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 3. Grania cinctura sp. n.. A: Chaetae. B: Clitellar cell pattern. C: Overview of I–VI. D: Penial apparatus. E: Spermatheca.
FIGURE 4 in Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCRRFLP
FIGURE 4. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. A = praeclitellar segments (½ X – ½ XII) (sperm funnels marked with arrows, B = Photograph of bursal slits (marked with arrows) of the male copulatory organs, C = Photograph of the subneural gland in XIV (marked with arrow).
FIGURE 3 in Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCRRFLP
FIGURE 3. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. Photograph of the clitellar glands (dorsal view).
FIGURE 1 in Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCRRFLP
FIGURE 1. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. A = setal bundles of a praeclitellar segment (lateroventral view), B = Photograph of the cutaneous glands of a praeclitellar segment (dorsal view), C = Photograph of the head (head pore marked with arrows), D = Photograph of the head (brain marked with arrows), E = Photograph of the coelomocytes. Each photograph is sized with a black line representing 50 μm length.
FIGURE 6 in Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCRRFLP
FIGURE 6. The gel image BsuRI of restriction digestion. The numbering of samples corresponds with the number in Table 1. The character M nominates the molecular marker, the length of fragments are represented on the left side of the photo (also by Fig. 7–10).
FIGURE 5 in Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCRRFLP
FIGURE 5. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. A = Photograph of the spermatheca. (the diverticle fill with sperm around the ampulla marked with black arrows, the ectal duct with white arrows, ectal gland with asterisk, B = Photograph of the opening of spermathecal ectal duct (glands marked with black arrows, duct with white arrow), C = Photograph of the opening of spermathecal ectal duct three glands marked with black arrows, duct with white arrow).
FIGURE 6 in Mata Atlântica enchytraeids (Paraná, Brazil): The genus Achaeta (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae)
FIGURE 6. Achaeta singularis sp. nov. A. Juvenile specimen with primordial testis (2) and ovary (3), dorsal view. Dotted areas mark perikarya in brain and ventral nerve cord. The perikarya of the ganglia in II and III are concentrated on the lateral sides. Note nephridia in VI and VII, the oesophageal appendage in V, the dorsal blood vessel in VI, and the winding intestine. From XII on the ganglia are fused among segments; 4: posterior growth zone. The outer pair of postpharyngeal bulbs was not distinguished in this specimen (comp. B). B. Anterior end, lateral view. Perikarya of ventral nerve cord, brain, and prostomial epithelial thickenings are drawn in. Ganglia of II and III are not completely separate, but there is no uniform suboesophageal ganglion over II–IV as in other Achaeta species (comp. Fig. 3B). 1: Prostomial papilla. 2: Oesophageal appendage. 3: Dorsal blood vessel origin. C. Prostomium and first segment, dorsal view. Note the brain, deeply incised anteriorly and posteriorly, and the conspicuous prostomial papillae. Here dotted areas mark the perikarya-free areas. Laterally and posteriad, the prostomial epithelial protrusions gradually merge into the lateral line. D. The brain as seen in living specimens. E. Anterior nephridia, lateral view. - F. Posterior nephridia, ventral view. G. Coelomocytes and piles of rod-shaped structures. D and G are freehand sketches from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts.
FIGURE 5 in Mata Atlântica enchytraeids (Paraná, Brazil): The genus Achaeta (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae)
FIGURE 5. Achaeta paranensis sp. nov. A. Anterior body region, lateral view, mature specimen. Spermatheca (1) and nephridium (2) are shaded grey here. The prostomial epithelium is drawn as seen in sagittal optical section; the left prostomial papilla as seen in parasagittal optical section is indicated by a dotted line (3). The region above the dotted line in the brain (4) is filled with perikarya; beneath is the neuropile. Dorsal (5) and ventral (6) epidermal glands are different; lateral glands are not shown here. The circumferal intestinal diverticulum (7) is enclosed by mesodermal tissue and blood lacunae (8); 9: oesophageal appendage; 10: dorsal blood vessel. B. Prostomium with brain and prostomial papillae (1) of a juvenile specimen. C. Coelomocyte, ca. 27 µm long. D, E. Segments IV–VII, lateral view (D) and dorsal view (E), with circumferal intestinal diverticulum and spermathecae. F. Posterior body region with nephridium and pars tumida of midgut epithelium (1); 2: intestinal lumen; 3: ventral nerve cord; 4: chloragocytes. G, H. Hindmost segments with pygidium, in sagittal (G) and parasagittal (H) optical section; sketches from same whole-mounted specimen. I. Clitellar region, lateral view. C–E freehand sketches from living specimens, A, B, F–I from stained whole mounts. Bars =100 µm, bar in A valid also for B, F, I; one bar for G, H. C-E without bar.
FIGURE 1 in Mata Atlântica enchytraeids (Paraná, Brazil): The genus Achaeta (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae)
FIGURE 1. Location of the 'Reserva Natural Rio Cachoeira', study area and type locality of Achaeta hanagarthi, A. paranensis and A. singularis spp. nov.
FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B in Mata Atlântica enchytraeids (Paraná, Brazil): The genus Achaeta (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae)
FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D. A. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1/3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4/5–7/8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3B, 4A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium. B. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description. C. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right. D. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes.
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