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Figure 13. Serial frames from a 120 in Maratus pinniger, a new peacock spider in the vespa group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 13. Serial frames from a 120fps video of courtship display by a male Maratus pinniger. Lateral movement of the elevated fan relative to the preceding frame is indicated with an arrow. Movement was fairly constant, at a rate of ~4.3Hz (12.5 left-right cycles in 2.9s). There was little movement of the extended legs III, or the pedipalps, during this display. For each numbered frame (1-25) in this series (and in other series shown below), the sequential frame number (f), time elapsed since the previous frame (+), and the total elapsed time is shown.

Figure 12. Sequential photographs showing advertisement with a in Maratus pinniger, a new peacock spider in the vespa group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 12. Sequential photographs showing advertisement with a single raised and extended leg III by a male Maratus pinniger. Note the long setae on this leg, and the thick white fringe of the dorsal femur in particular.

Figure 16 in Maratus candens, a new peacock spider in the linnaei group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 16 (continued from previous page). High Fan display of a male Maratus candens based on a 25 fps video.

Figure 11. Female paratype, Maratus pinniger. 1-5 in Maratus pinniger, a new peacock spider in the vespa group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 11. Female paratype, Maratus pinniger. 1-5, Submerged in alcohol. 6, Ventral view of epigynum (anterior toward top of page). 7, Ventral view of living spider.

Figure 10 in Maratus candens, a new peacock spider in the linnaei group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 10. Wave and step display of a male Maratus candens based on a 25 fps video. For each frame in this sequence, frame number and total elapsed time (s) are shown. White arrows indicate alternation between slower lowering or separation of the extended legs III and more rapid raising of these legs to a more vertical position (7 raise+lower cycles/3.96s or 1.8 Hz). Raising of these legs is often accompanied by a quick step to one side or the other side (larger, red arrows), all the time facing the female. This display included some low amplitude (several degrees) movement of the fan from side to side.

Figure 17 in Maratus pinniger, a new peacock spider in the vespa group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 17. Three series (1-3, 4-9, 10) of photographs showing a male Maratus pinniger engaged in the final phase of courtship display. 3, When a flap is displayed at one side, it may be moved up and down, or the flap itself may be extended and then retracted. 4-9, Flaps may be retracted as the fan is rotated from the center position to one side or the other.

Figure 22 in Maratus candens, a new peacock spider in the linnaei group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 22. Detailed view of the elevated fan of the male during the Fan dance shown in Figure 20, showing low amplitude lateral movement of the fan (1-4°, 3 left+right cycles/0.36s or 8.3 Hz), based on selected sequential frames from a 25fps video.

Figure 3 in Maratus pinniger, a new peacock spider in the vespa group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 3 (continued from previous page). Living type males for Maratus pinniger. 13, Advertisement with a single leg III held in a vertical position.

Figure 21 in Maratus candens, a new peacock spider in the linnaei group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 21. Detailed view of the face of the male during the Fan dance shown in Figure 20, showing movement of the chelicerae (selected sequential frames from a 25fps video). When the opisthosoma is moved up or down both chelicerae are rotated to the front, making the long white setae that cover them more conspicuous. In general the chelicerae move together from one side to the other during this display, but the fangs are also extended and retracted during this movement.

Figure 11 in Maratus candens, a new peacock spider in the linnaei group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 11. Wave and step display of a male Maratus candens based on a 25 fps video. For each frame in the sequence, frame number and total elapsed time (s) are shown. The position of the female can be seen, at the lower right corner of each frame (♀). With 7 cycles/2.32s or 3.0 Hz, this display was somewhat faster than the previous example (Figure 10).

Figure 14 in Maratus candens, a new peacock spider in the linnaei group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 14. Successive positions of the female Maratus candens during the courtship shown, in part, in Figure 13. This display, with legs III extended and elevated, and the opisthosoma elevated and bobbed from time to time, is a characteristic of Maratus females, apparently associated with rejection of a courting male.

Figure 16 in Maratus candens, a new peacock spider in the linnaei group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 16 (continued on next page). High Fan display of a male Maratus candens based on a 25 fps video. During this display the male held an elevated position in front of the female, with only low amplitude (2-6°) waves of the fan at a moderate frequency (14.5 left+right cycles/3.32s or 4.4 Hz). Nothing except the fan moved during this display.

Figure 25 in Maratus candens, a new peacock spider in the linnaei group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 25. Two different Fan dance sequences (1-5, 6-8). 1-5, Note the close position of the attending female.

Figure 19 in Maratus pinniger, a new peacock spider in the vespa group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 19. Photographs and sequences (1-2, 3, 4-5, 6, 7-8, 9) of a male Maratus pinniger engaged in the final phase of courtship display.

Figure 1 in Maratus candens, a new peacock spider in the linnaei group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 1. Courtship display by adult males representing five species in the linnaei group. 7-9, Although each is distinct, the male M. Felinus resembles M. candens with respect to the setation of legs III and the pattern of scales on the fan. Each of the two species is known from a single type locality to the west of other members of this group (Figure 2), and these may be sister species. Photo credit: 7-9, © Adam Fletcher, used with permission.

Figure 9 in Maratus candens, a new peacock spider in the linnaei group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 9. Leg wave by a male Maratus candens, from a 25 fps video. Position in the sequence of frames (f), elapsed time since the previous frame (+s) and total elapsed time (s) are shown for each frame. In this display one extended and elevated leg III was moved slowly (3 up+down cycles/2.84s or 1.06 Hz) over a very small amplitude (1-3°).

Figure 8. Female paratypes, Maratus candens. 1-10, 13-14 in Maratus candens, a new peacock spider in the linnaei group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 8. Female paratypes, Maratus candens. 1-10, 13-14, Views of paratypes preserved in alcohol. 11-12, Ventral views of living paratypes. 13-14, Ventral views of epigynum (anterior toward top of page).

Figure 2 in Maratus pinniger, a new peacock spider in the vespa group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 2. Known distribution of members of the Maratus vespa group, all endemic to forested areas with relatively high rainfall in southwestern Australia. To date these species appear to be parapatric, i.e., without any overlap in distribution. Note the proximity of M. fletcheri (5) and M. pinniger (9, highlighted in yellow) type localities. Records for these narrowly endemic species are scarce. For most of this area, no records exist for the group.

Figure 1 in Maratus pinniger, a new peacock spider in the vespa group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 1. Adult males representing eight species in the vespa group. 2-3, Both white and tan versions of M. cristatus were found at the same locality. 4, M. fletcheri most closely resembles M. pinniger, new species (6). 7, M. tortus is the only species in this group that twists the fan to display each "feathered" flap between legs III, as shown here. 8-9, Note the similar pattern on the fan of these two distinct species. M. vespa is the type species for the group. Photo credit: 4, © Adam Fletcher, used with permission.

Figure 18 in Maratus nubilis, a new peacock spider in the chrysomelas group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 18 (continued from previous page, continued on next page). Sequential frames from a 100 fps video of the fan dance of a male Maratus nubilis.