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104 results for “Eusociality”
Data from: Reproductive workers show queen-like gene expression in an intermediately eusocial insect, the buff-tailed bumble bee Bombus terrestris
Bumble bees represent a taxon with an intermediate level of eusociality within Hymenoptera. The clear division of reproduction between a single founding queen and the largely sterile workers is characteristic for highly eusocial species, whereas the morphological similarity between the bumble bee queen and the workers is typical for more primitively eusocial hymenopterans. Also, unlike other highly eusocial hymenopterans, division of labour among worker subcastes is plastic and not predetermined by morphology or age. We conducted a differential expression analysis based on RNA-seq data from 11 combinations of developmental stage and caste to investigate how a single genome can produce the distinct castes of queens, workers and males in the buff-tailed bumble bee Bombus terrestris. Based on expression patterns, we found males to be the most distinct of all adult castes (2411 transcripts differentially expressed compared to nonreproductive workers). However, only relatively few transcripts were differentially expressed between males and workers during development (larvae: 71 and pupae: 162). This indicates the need for more distinct expression patterns to control behaviour and physiology in adults compared to those required to create different morphologies. Among female castes, reproductive workers and their nonreproductive sisters displayed differential expression in over ten times more transcripts compared to the differential expression found between reproductive workers and their mother queen. This suggests a strong shift towards a more queenlike behaviour and physiology when a worker becomes fertile. This contrasts with eusocial species where reproductive workers are more similar to nonreproductive workers than the queen.
Figure 3 in Natural history and behaviour of the primitively eusocial wasp Ropalidia marginata (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): a comparison of the two sexes
Figure 3. Survivorship curve for Ropalidia marginata male (solid line) and female (dashed line).
Data for: Direct evidence for increased disease resistance in polyandrous broods exists only in eusocial
<p><u>Background</u></p> <p>The 'genetic diversity' hypothesis posits that polyandry evolved as a mechanism to increase genetic diversity within broods. One extension of this hypothesis is the 'genetic diversity for disease resistance' hypothesis (GDDRH). Originally designed for eusocial Hymenoptera, GDDRH states that polyandry will evolve as an effect of lower parasite prevalence in genetically variable broods. However, this hypothesis has been broadly applied to several other taxa. It is unclear how much empirical evidence supports GDDRH specifically, especially outside eusocial Hymenoptera.</p> <p><u>Results</u></p> <p>This question was addressed by conducting a literature review and posteriorly conducting meta-analyses on the data available using Hedges's <i>g</i>. The literature review found 10 direct and 32 indirect studies with both having a strong publication bias towards Hymenoptera. Two meta-analyses were conducted and both found increased polyandry (direct tests; <i>n</i> = 8, <i>g</i> = 0.2283, <i>p</i> = <0.0001) and genetic diversity generated by other mechanisms (indirect tests; <i>n </i> = 10, <i>g</i> = 0.21, <i>p</i> = <0.0001) reduced parasite load. A subsequent moderator analysis revealed that there were no differences among Orders, indicating there may be applicability outside of Hymenoptera. However, due to publication bias and low sample size we must exercise caution with these results. </p> <p><u>Conclusion</u></p> <p>Despite the fact that the GDDRH was developed for Hymenoptera, it is frequently applied to other taxa. This study highlights the low amount of direct evidence supporting GDDRH, particularly outside of eusocial Hymenoptera. It calls for future research to address species that have high dispersal rates and contain mixes of solitary and communal nesting.</p>
Data from: Hemimetabolous genomes reveal molecular basis of termite eusociality
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Data from: Multiple molecular data sets suggest independent origins of highly eusocial behavior in bees (Hymenoptera:Apinae)
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Data from: Effective population size in eusocial Hymenoptera with worker-produced males
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Data from: Using social parasitism to test reproductive skew models in a primitively eusocial wasp
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Data from: Evolution of ageing, costs of reproduction and the fecundity–longevity trade-off in eusocial insects
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Data from: An alternative pathway to eusociality: exploring the molecular and functional basis of fortress defense
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Data from: Stable eusociality via maternal manipulation when resistance is costless
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Data for: Direct evidence for increased disease resistance in polyandrous broods exists only in eusocial
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Dominance behaviour and division of labour in the tropical primitively eusocial wasp Ropalidia cyathiformis
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Data from: Phenotypic correlation between queen and worker brood care supports the role of maternal care in the evolution of eusociality
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Data from: Reproductive workers show queen-like gene expression in an intermediately eusocial insect, the buff-tailed bumble bee Bombus terrestris
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The effect of age on non-reproductive division of labour in the tropical primitively eusocial wasp, Ropalidia cyathiformis
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Multi-level social organisation and nest-drifting behaviour in a eusocial insect
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Viral load, not food availability or temperature, predicts colony longevity in an invasive eusocial wasp with plastic life history
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Molecular signatures of plastic phenotypes in two eusocial insect species with simple societies
GEO Series GSE59525. Dinoponera quadriceps; Polistes canadensis. 37 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Methylation profiling by high throughput sequencing.
The molecular basis of socially-mediated phenotypic plasticity in a eusocial paper wasp
GEO Series GSE153532. Polistes dominula. 96 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Data from: The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organisation
Background: The shift from solitary to social behavior is one of the major evolutionary transitions. Primitively eusocial bumblebees are uniquely placed to illuminate the evolution of highly eusocial insect societies. Bumblebees are also invaluable natural and agricultural pollinators, and there is widespread concern over recent population declines in some species. High-quality genomic data will inform key aspects of bumblebee biology, including susceptibility to implicated population viability threats. Results: We report the high quality draft genome sequences of Bombus terrestris and Bombus impatiens, two ecologically dominant bumblebees and widely utilized study species. Comparing these new genomes to those of the highly eusocial honeybee Apis mellifera and other Hymenoptera, we identify deeply conserved similarities, as well as novelties key to the biology of these organisms. Some honeybee genome features thought to underpin advanced eusociality are also present in bumblebees, indicating an earlier evolution in the bee lineage. Xenobiotic detoxification and immune genes are similarly depauperate in bumblebees and honeybees, and multiple categories of genes linked to social organization, including development and behavior, show high conservation. Key differences identified include a bias in bumblebee chemoreception towards gustation from olfaction, and striking differences in microRNAs, potentially responsible for gene regulation underlying social and other traits. Conclusions: These two bumblebee genomes provide a foundation for post-genomic research on these key pollinators and insect societies. Overall, gene repertoires suggest that the route to advanced eusociality in bees was mediated by many small changes in many genes and processes, and not by notable expansion or depauperation.
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