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116 results for “Floral trait”
Data from: The independent and combined effects of floral traits distinguishing two pollination ecotypes of a moth-pollinated orchid
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Data from: Quantifying hummingbird preference for floral trait combinations: the role of selection on trait interactions in the evolution of pollination syndromes
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Data from: Asymmetric effects of loss and gain of a floral trait on pollinator preference
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Data from: Resource- and pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits
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Data from: Selection by pollinators on floral traits in generalized Trollius ranunculoides (Ranunculaceae) along altitudinal gradients
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Global gradients in intraspecific variation in vegetative and floral traits are partially associated with climate and species richness
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Data from: Correlated evolution of mating system and floral display traits in flowering plants and its implications for the distribution of mating system variation
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Simulated pollinator declines intensify selection on floral traits that facilitate selfing and outcrossing in Impatiens capensis
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Data from: Floral trait differentiation in Anacamptis coriophora: phenotypic selection on scents, but not on colour
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Data from: Genotype-specific effects of ericoid mycorrhizae on floral traits and reproduction in Vaccinium corymbosum
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Data from: Floral traits of mammal-pollinated Mucuna macrocarpa (Fabaceae): implications for generalist-like pollination systems
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Data from: Association between inbreeding depression and floral traits in a generalist-pollinated plant
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Do visual traits honestly signal floral rewards at community level?
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Data from: The genetic architecture of floral traits in Iris hexagona and Iris fulva
The formation of hybrids among closely related species has been observed in numerous plant taxa. Selection by pollinators on floral traits can act as an early reproductive isolating barrier and may be especially important when there is overlap in distribution and flowering time. In this study, we use Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping based on 293 codominant SNP markers in an F2 population (n = 328) to assess the size, magnitude, and location of the genetic regions controlling floral traits known to be important for pollinator attraction in 2 species of Lousiana Irises, Iris fulva and Iris hexagona. We also evaluate correlations among F2 traits and identify transgression in the hybrid population. Overall, we observe that differences in most floral traits between I. fulva and I. hexagona are controlled by multiple QTLs and are distributed across several linkage groups. We also find evidence of transgression at several QTL, suggesting that hybridization can contribute to generating phenotypic variation, which may be adaptive in rapidly changing environments.
Data from: Floral trait evolution associated with shifts between insect and wind pollination in the dioecious genus Leucadendron (Proteaceae)
Transitions between animal and wind pollination have occurred in many lineages and have been linked to various floral modifications, but these have seldom been assessed in a phylogenetic framework. In the dioecious genus Leucadendron (Proteaceae), transitions from insect to wind pollination have occurred at least four times. Using analyses that controlled for relatedness among Leucadendron species, we investigated how these transitions shaped the evolution of floral structural and signaling traits, including the degree of sexual dimorphism in these traits. Pollen grains of wind-pollinated species were found to be smaller, more numerous, and dispersed more efficiently in wind than were those of insect-pollinated species. Wind-pollinated species also exhibited a reduction in spectral contrast between showy subtending leaves and background foliage, reduced volatile emissions, and a greater degree of sexual dimorphism in color and scent. Uniovulate flowers and inflorescence condensation are conserved ancestral features in Leucadendron and likely served as exaptations in shifts to wind pollination. These results offer insights into the key modifications of male and female floral traits involved in transitions between insect and wind pollination.
Data from: Evolution of floral traits and impact of reproductive mode on diversification in the phlox family (Polemoniaceae)
Pollinator-mediated selection is a major driver of evolution in flowering plants, contributing to the vast diversity of floral features. Despite long-standing interest in floral variation and the evolution of pollination syndromes in Polemoniaceae, the evolution of floral traits and known pollinators has not been investigated in an explicit phylogenetic context. Here we explore macroevolutionary patterns of both pollinator specificity and three floral traits long considered important determinants of pollinator attraction across a nearly complete species-level phylogenetic tree for the family. This phylogenetic tree is the most comprehensive yet produced for Polemoniaceae. The presence of floral chlorophyll is reconstructed as the ancestral character state of the family, even though the presence of floral anthocyanins is the most prevalent floral pigment in extant taxa. Mean corolla length and width of the opening of the floral tube are correlated, and both appear to vary with pollinator type. The evolution of pollination systems appears labile, with multiple gains and losses of selfing and conflicting implications for patterns of diversification. Explicit testing of diversification models rejects the hypothesis that selfing is an evolutionary dead-end. This study begins to disentangle the individual components that comprise pollination syndromes and lays the foundation for future work on the genetic mechanisms that control each trait.
Data from: A meta-analysis of the agents of selection on floral traits
Floral traits are hypothesized to evolve primarily in response to selection by pollinators. However, selection can also be mediated by other environmental factors. To understand the relative importance of pollinator-mediated selection and its variation among trait and pollinator types, we analyzed directional selection gradients on floral traits from experiments that manipulated the environment to identify agents of selection. Pollinator-mediated selection was stronger than selection by other biotic factors (e.g. herbivores), but similar in strength to selection by abiotic factors (e.g. soil water), providing partial support for the hypothesis that floral traits evolve primarily in response to pollinators. Pollinator-mediated selection was stronger on pollination efficiency traits than on other trait types, as expected if efficiency traits affect fitness via interactions with pollinators, but other trait types also affect fitness via other environmental factors. In addition to varying among trait types, pollinator-mediated selection varied among pollinator taxa: selection was stronger when bees, long-tongued flies, or birds were the primary visitors than when the primary visitors were Lepidoptera or multiple animal taxa. Finally, reducing pollinator access to flowers had a relatively small effect on selection on floral traits, suggesting that anthropogenic declines in pollinator populations would initially have modest effects on floral evolution.
A sit-and-wait predator, but not an active-pursuit predator, alters pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits
<p>Indirect species interactions are ubiquitous in nature, often outnumbering direct species interactions. Yet despite evidence that indirect interactions have strong ecological effects, relatively little is known about whether they can shape adaptive evolution by altering the strength and/or direction of natural selection. We tested whether indirect interactions affect the strength and direction of pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits of the bumble-bee pollinated wildflower Lobelia siphilitica. We estimated the indirect effects of two pollinator predators with contrasting hunting modes: dragonflies (Aeshnidae and Corduliidae) and ambush bugs (Phymata americana, Reduviidae). Because dragonflies are active pursuit predators, we hypothesized that they would strengthen pollinator-mediated selection by weakening plant-pollinator interactions (i.e. a density-mediated indirect effect). In contrast, because ambush bugs are sit-and-wait predators, we hypothesized that they would weaken or reverse the direction of pollinator-mediated selection by altering pollinator foraging behavior (i.e. a trait-mediated indirect effect). Specifically, if ambush bugs hunt from plants with traits that attract pollinators (i.e. prey), then pollinators will spend less time visiting those plants, weakening or reversing the direction of selection on attractive floral traits. We did not find evidence that high dragonfly abundance strengthened selection on floral traits via a density-mediated indirect effect: neither pollen limitation (a proxy for the strength of plant-pollinator interactions) nor directional selection on floral traits of L. siphilitica differed significantly between high- and low-dragonfly abundance treatments. In contrast, we did find evidence that ambush bug presence affected selection on floral traits via a trait-mediated indirect effect: ambush bugs hunted from L. siphilitica plants with larger daily floral displays, reversing the direction of pollinator-mediated selection on daily display size. These results suggest that indirect species interactions have the potential to shape adaptive evolution by altering natural selection.</p>
Floral traits differentiate pollination syndromes and taxa but fail to predict the identity of floral visitors to Castilleja
<p><b>Premise of the Study: </b>Animal pollination is critical to plant reproduction and may cause convergent evolution of pollination syndromes. Pollination syndromes in <i>Castilleja</i> are hypothesized based on floral traits and historical observations of floral visitors. Here we address these questions: (i) Can pollination syndromes be distinguished using floral morphological traits or volatile organic compound emissions? (ii) Is there significant variation in floral traits within a pollination syndrome, at the level of populations or species? and (iii) Do pollination syndromes predict the most frequent floral visitor to <i>Castilleja</i>?</p> <p><b>Methods:<i> </i></b>Floral traits and visitation were measured for five co-occurring <i>Castilleja</i> species (<i>C. applegatei, C. linariifolia, C. miniata, C. nana, and C. peirsonii</i>), representing three pollination syndromes (bee, fly, and hummingbird), at four sites in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and multiple linear regressions to address key questions in the differentiation of <i>Castilleja </i>and floral visitors.</p> <p><b>Key Results: </b>Our analyses revealed that both morphological traits and floral VOCs distinguish between some pollination syndromes and <i>Castilleja</i> species. Morphological traits defined pollination syndromes reliably, but within the hummingbird syndrome, there was also significant variation among populations and species. Pollination syndrome was a poor predictor of visitors to <i>Castilleja</i>.</p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>Floral trait differentiation among <i>Castilleja</i> individuals reflects both taxonomy and pollination syndromes. Differentiation was generally more evident in morphological traits compared to VOCs. Furthermore, <i>a priori</i> notions of pollination syndromes in this system are overly simplistic and fail to predict which animals most frequently visit <i>Castilleja</i> in natural populations.</p>
Floral traits and pollinator visit data of the manuscript "Inbreeding in Solanum carolinense alters floral attractants and rewards and adversely affects pollinator visitation"
<p>The manuscript Inbreeding in Solanum carolinense alters floral attractants and rewards and adversely affects pollinator visitation has both field and lab data.</p> <p>This data file has the raw data for pollinator visit, flower diameter, and pollen count. Floral volatiles data set is in the form of a table in the manuscript.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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