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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Fig. 3 in Richness of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) depends on the area and habitat structure in semideciduous forest remnants

Fig. 3. Path diagram showing the direct and indirect effects of the variables on the Chrysomelidae species richness from remnant forest fragments in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The directions of the arrows indicate the direction of effects and the width of arrows is proportional to the effect size. The black arrows indicate significant effects (alpha ≤ 0.05) and the gray arrows indicate insignificant effects.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Fig. 2 in Helminths of sigmodontine rodents in an agroforestry mosaic in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Patterns and processes of the metacommunity structure

Fig. 2. Ordinated matrices for the helminths metacommunity at Pratigi Environmental Protection Area, municipality of Igrapiúna, state of Bahia, northeast Brazil. A) Infracommunities and B) Component Communities.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Fig. 1 in Helminths of sigmodontine rodents in an agroforestry mosaic in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Patterns and processes of the metacommunity structure

Fig. 1. The bipartite network analysis illustrating the rodent–helminth association at Pratigi Environmental Protection Area, municipality of Igrapiúna, state of Bahia, northeast Brazil. The brackets separate the rodent tribes.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

High-Resolution Pan-European Forest Structure Maps: An Integration of Earth Observation and National Forest Inventory Data

We developed Pan-European maps of timber volume (V), above-ground biomass (AGB), and deciduous-coniferous proportion (DCP) with a pixel size of 10 x 10 m2 for the reference year 2020 using a combination of a Sentinel 2 mosaic, Copernicus layers, and National Forest Inventory (NFI) data. For mapping, we used the k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN, k=7) approach with a harmonized database of species-specific V and AGB from 14 NFIs across Europe. This database encompasses approximately 151,000 sample plots, which were intersected with the above-mentioned Earth observation data. The maps cover 40<a> European countries, </a>forming a continuous coverage of the western part of the European continent. A sample of 1/3 of NFI plots was left out for validation, whereas 2/3 of the plots were used for mapping. Maps were created independently for 13 multi-country processing areas. Root-mean-squared-errors (RMSEs) for AGB ranged from 53 % in the Nordic processing area to <a>73 % </a>the South-Eastern area. The created maps are the first of their kind as they are utilizing a huge amount of harmonized NFI observations and consistent remote sensing data for high-resolution forest attribute mapping. While the published maps can be useful for visualization and other purposes, they are primarily meant as auxiliary information in model-assisted estimation where model-related biases can be mitigated, and field-based estimates improved. Therefore, additional calibration procedures were not applied, and especially high V and AGB values tend to be underestimated. Summarizing map values (pixel counting) over large regions such as countries or whole Europe will consequently result in biased estimates that need to be interpreted with care. The author list is sorted by last name except for the first and last authors who also serve as corresponding authors. Corresponding authors: <a href="mailto:Jukka.Miettinen@vtt.fi">Jukka.Miettinen@vtt.fi</a>, <a href="mailto:Johannes.Breidenbach@nibio.no">Johannes.Breidenbach@nibio.no</a>

Figure 1 in 'Mainland-island' population structure of a terrestrial salamander in a forest-bocage landscape with little evidence for in situ ecological speciation

Figure 1. ContinentalFrancewiththedepartmentMayennehighlighted (A) andhabitatmodelforthe Fire salamander indepartment Mayenne (B). Themap representsthe habitat suitability model Ps = (1/ (1 + exp(−0.0303*percent_forest_cover-0.00562*altitude-0.0299*percent_hedgerow_cover + 1.769))) and was visualized with ILWIS 3.6 software58, available at https://52north.org/software/software-projects/ilwis/. Habitat suitability increases from deep blue with a probability of occurrence of zero to deep red with a probability of occurrence at unity (see colour bar). Prime fire salamander habitats are found at higher altitudes and are forested (in black) or with a dense hedgerow cover. Populations genetically investigated are located in and around the largely deciduous forests Forêt de Bourgon (FB) and Bois de Hermet (BH) and listed in Table 1.The outer geographicalcoordinates of the department are 1.239–0.049W and 47.733–48.568N.

Figure 3 in 'Mainland-island' population structure of a terrestrial salamander in a forest-bocage landscape with little evidence for in situ ecological speciation

Figure 3. (A) Clustering of pairwise Fst-values of Kottenforstfire salamanderpopulations (localities K01-K47) with the UPGMA-method. Numbers K01-K27 represent populations in the western section of the forest and K28-K47 represent populationsin the eastern section of the forest. The basal cluster at Fst <0.04 is composed of two groups (shaded) composed of mostly eastern (14/16 = 88%) or mostlywestern localities (14/15 = 93%). Populations breeding in streams are shown by the letter S. Note that populations that join the dendrogram at higher Fst-values are characterized by mostlysmall effectivepopulation sizes (Ňe ≤ 10, indicated by small open dots; X – Ňe not determined). B top panel - Populationsplotted along the firstand second axis of a principal component analysis. Middle panel - Ellipses represent means ± standarddeviation for sevenstream populations (left ellipse) and 40 non-streampopulations (right ellipse). Lower panel - Ellipsesrepresent means ± standard deviation forthe western (left) and eastern (right) sectionof the Kottenforst, forsmall populations (Ňe ≤ 10) shown by interruptedlines andfor larger populations (Ňe> 10) shown by uninterrupted lines. Notethat for the larger populations the ellipses for western and eastern localities do not overlap.

Figure 4. MicrosatellitepopulationgeneticdataforthefiresalamanderintheKottenforst, Germany21,24 in 'Mainland-island' population structure of a terrestrial salamander in a forest-bocage landscape with little evidence for in situ ecological speciation

Figure 4. MicrosatellitepopulationgeneticdataforthefiresalamanderintheKottenforst, Germany21,24 analyzed in the framework of allopatric speciation, i.e. a secondary spatial contact of a western pond-breeding lineage and an eastern stream-breeding lineage. The 95% credible cline regions are shown by grey shading. Solid and open round symbolsrepresent larger (Ňe> 10) andsmall populations (Ňe ≤ 10), respectively. Note that the stream-breeding populations that gave the composite genotype its name are all located in the eastern section of the Kottenforst (six data points indicated with a forward slash (/). One 'intermittent stream' in the western section is indicated by a backward slash. Also note the paucity of data at and around the steepest part of the clines. A – loadings on the first PC axis versus geographical distance. The clinecentre is at km 365.3 of the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid. Cline width is 3952 m. B – frequency of the stream-breeding genotype versus distance (after21). Thecline centre is at UTM km 365.1 and the cline widthis 1108 m. For model details see Supplementary Information VI.

Figure 2 in 'Mainland-island' population structure of a terrestrial salamander in a forest-bocage landscape with little evidence for in situ ecological speciation

Figure 2. (A) Clustering of pairwise Fst-values of firesalamander populations (Mayenne localities 1–41) with the UPGMA-method. The basal cluster at Fst <0.010 is mostly composed of forest populations (F, 17/21 = 81%) whereas populationsthat jointhe dendrogramat higher Fst-values are mostly fromthe bocage (B, 14/20 = 70%). At Fst> 0.025 the contribution of the bocage populations is eightout of eight. Notethat populations thatjoin the dendrogram at the highest Fst-values are characterizedby mostly small effective population sizes (Ňe ≤ 10, indicated by small open dots). (B) Populations plotted along the first and second axis of a principal component analysis. The 23 forest populations are shown by small solid round symbols and the solid ellipse represents the mean ± standard deviation. Eighteenpopulations from the bocageare shown by large open round symbols, with the mean ± standard deviation shown bythe widerellipse with the interrupted line.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2012View details →

Image 1 in Ecology and population structure of a terrestrial mycoheterotrophic orchid, Aphyllorchis montana Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae) in Soppinabetta forests of the Western Ghats, India

Image 1. Morphology of Aphyllorchis montana. © P.A. Sinu A - a clump of the orchid; B - a single flower; C - terminal part of an inflorescence with mature capsules.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2014View details →

Fig. 2 in Community structure of termites in a hill dipterocarp forest of Belum- Temengor Forest Complex, Malaysia: emergence of pest species

Fig. 2. The composition of termite assemblages in the natural forest and disturbed forest areas of the Belum–Temengor Forest Complex.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2014View details →

Fig. 1 in Community structure of termites in a hill dipterocarp forest of Belum- Temengor Forest Complex, Malaysia: emergence of pest species

Fig. 1. Map of Belum–Temengor Forest Complex and location of study sites. Sites: SK = Sungai [=River] Kejar; SM = Sungai Mes; ST = Sungai Telang; SG = Sungai Gadong; SKJBC = Sungai Kejar Base Camp; SKNBC = Sungai Kenarong Base Camp; PB = Pulau [=Island] Bendong; PP = Pulau Pertanian.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2014View details →

Fig. 3 in Community structure of termites in a hill dipterocarp forest of Belum- Temengor Forest Complex, Malaysia: emergence of pest species

Fig. 3. The different compositions of termite feeding groups in natural forest and disturbed forest areas within the Belum–Temengor Forest Complex.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2019View details →

Text-fig. 6. The riparian/swamp forest structure of the village of Sakarcaören in the late Miocene, location within the east part of GVP, and comparison with the other forest types from early Miocene of GVP (Akkemik et al. 2009, 2016, 2017, Bayam et al. 2018). in The First Glyptostroboxylon And Taxodioxylon Descriptions From The Late Miocene Of Turkey And Palaeoclimatological Evaluation

Text-fig. 6. The riparian/swamp forest structure of the village of Sakarcaören in the late Miocene, location within the east part of GVP, and comparison with the other forest types from early Miocene of GVP (Akkemik et al. 2009, 2016, 2017, Bayam et al. 2018).

Fig. 4 in Canopy crane survey of the hemipteran assemblage structure in a Bornean forest

Fig. 4. NMDS ordination plots for (a) all species based on the Sørensen similarity index and (b) abundant species based on the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index. White circle indicates the GF period and black circle indicates the non-GF period.

Fig. 3 in Canopy crane survey of the hemipteran assemblage structure in a Bornean forest

Fig. 3. Log-transformed numbers of (a) adult species, (b) adult individuals and (c) nymphs during each sampling period. Different letters indicate significant differences in abundance (Kruskal–Wallis with post hoc tests, p <0.01). Box plots indicate the range of the data within the ends of the whiskers; the middle two quartiles are within the box; and the median value is indicated by the bold line. The end of the whisker indicates Q3 + 1.5×(Q3 – Q1) and the outliner is above it.

Fig. 2 in Canopy crane survey of the hemipteran assemblage structure in a Bornean forest

Fig. 2. Species accumulation curves (Sobs, Mao Tau) for adult hemipteran species during each sampling period. The curves are the result 50 randomisations.

Fig. 1 in Canopy crane survey of the hemipteran assemblage structure in a Bornean forest

Fig. 1. Proportions of target canopy tree individuals with mature leaves, immature leaves, buds, flowers or seeds (see text for definitions). Numbers above bars represent the number of target trees during each sampling period.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Data from: Plant Community Structure in Tropical Rain Forest Fragments of the Western Ghats, India

DESCRIPTIONThis dataset includes vegetation plot data on trees, lianas, understorey plants, and regeneration, and related data and species name matching files in five rainforest sites collected in 2003 as part of the following study:MUTHURAMKUMAR, S., AYYAPPAN, N., PARTHASARATHY, N., MUDAPPA, D., RAMAN, T. R. S., SELWYN, M. A. & PRAGASAN, L. A. 2006. <a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x">Plant community structure in tropical rain forest fragments of the Western Ghats, India</a>. Biotropica 38: 143–160. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.xThe regeneration data were analysed and presented in the following publication and related dataset:OSURI, A. M., CHAKRAVARTHY, D., MUDAPPA, D., RAMAN, T. R. S., AYYAPPAN, N., MUTHURAMKUMAR, S. & PARTHASARATHY, N. 2017. Successional status, seed dispersal mode and overstorey species influence tree regeneration in tropical rain-forest fragments in Western Ghats, India. Journal of Tropical Ecology 33(4): 270-284. DOI: <a href="http://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219">10.1017/S0266467417000219</a>OSURI, A. M., CHAKRAVARTHY, D., MUDAPPA, D., RAMAN, T. R. S., AYYAPPAN, N., MUTHURAMKUMAR, S. & PARTHASARATHY, N. 2017. <a href="http://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn">Data from: Successional status, seed dispersal mode and overstorey species influence tree regeneration in tropical rain-forest fragments in Western Ghats, India</a>, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn CONTACTSCONTACT #1 1. Name: <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953">T. R. Shankar Raman</a> 2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India 3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601 4. Email address: trsr@ncf-india.org 5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953CONTACT #2 1. Name: <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826">Divya Mudappa</a> 2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India 3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601 4. Email address: divya@ncf-india.org 5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826CONTACT #3 1. Name: <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-5633">Anand M. Osuri</a> 2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India 3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601 4. Email address: aosuri@ncf-india.org 5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-5633CONTACT #4 1. Name:  <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-557X">N. Ayyappan</a> 2. Work Address: French Institute of Pondicherry, No. 11, Post Box No. 33, Saint Louis Street, Pondicherry – 605 001, India. 3. Work Phone: + 91- 413-2231616 4. Email address: ayyappan.n@ifpindia.org 5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-557XCONTACT #5 1. Name:  <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-8499">S. Muthuramkumar</a> 2. Work Address: V.H.N.S.N. College, 3/151-1, College Road, Virudhunagar - 626001, Tamil Nadu, India. 3. Work Phone: + 91-4562-280154 4. Email address: muthuramkumar@vhnsnc.edu.in 5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-8499CONTACT #6 1. Name:  <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4172-5441">N. Parthasarathy</a> 2. Work Address: Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, R Venkat Raman Nagar, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India 3. Work Phone: + 91-413-2654326 4. Email address: parthapu@yahoo.com 5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4172-5441 KEYWORDSAnamalai hills; biodiversity hotspot; disturbance; endemics; fragmentation; lianas; plant conservation; tree diversity; tropical rain forest; understory plants. GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE1. Location/Study Area: Valparai Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India; Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India2. GPS coordinates: Valparai Plateau (10°15'- 10°22'N, 76°52' - 76°59'E); Anamalai Tiger Reserve (10°12' - 10°35'N, 76°49' - 77°24'E) TEMPORAL COVERAGE1. Begins: 2003-03-01 (Year, Month, Day) 2. Ends: 2003-04-30 (Year, Month, Day) METHODSMethods involved systematic vegetation plots for trees, lianans and understorey plants as described in Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 (Biotropica 38: 143–160. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x) and for tree and woody regeneration as described in Osuri et al. 2017 (Journal of Tropical Ecology 33(4): 270-284. DOI: 10.1017/S0266467417000219). The vegetation sampling methods are briefly described below.The present study was conducted in five tropical wet evergreen forest fragments located on the Valparai plateau (Fig. 1): Akkamalai (AK, 2600 ha), Upper Manamboli (UM, 100 ha), Lower Manamboli (LM, 100 ha), Tata Finlay (TF, 32 ha), and Injipara (IP, 18 ha).In each site, vegetation was sampled in randomly placed noncontiguous plots of 20 × 20 m located at least 50 m apart and at least 20 m into the fragment interior from the edges, major trails, or roads. We sampled 20 plots each in IP, TF, and LM, and 25 plots each in UM and AK. Within each plot, all trees ≥30cm girth at breast height (gbh, at 1.3 m; corresponding to DBH of 9.55 cm) and lianas ≥1 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) were identified to species, counted, and their girth/diameter measured. For multi-stemmed trees bole girths were measured separately, basal area calculated and summed. Each 20 x 20 m plot was divided into four 10 × 10 m quarters.For understory plants, 2 × 2 m quadrats were laid at the four corners of the 20 × 20 m plot (one in each of the corresponding four quarters) and all shrubs, undershrubs, herbs, ferns, and small twiners found within the quadrats were enumerated and identified. The regeneration sampling was done in a 5 × 5-m plot (0.0025 ha) placed at the outer corner of the first (south-west) quarter of the 20 x 20 m plot. Within each regeneration plot, we identified, counted and measured all tree saplings >1 cm diameter at breast height (dbh, at 1.3 m) and <9.55 cm dbh (equivalent to <30 cm girth at breast height, gbh). Woody shrubs of 1–9.55 cm dbh were alsorecorded in the regeneration plots (but these were excluded in the Osuri et al. 2017 analysis).For vegetatively propagating plants a clump of stems that is basally connected was considered as one individual. Canopy height was measured with a range finder and canopy closure was measured using a spherical densiometer. Vouchers were identified with regional flora and confirmed with the Western Ghats collections available in the herbarium of Salim Ali School of Ecology, Pondicherry University, from our previous works in the region. ACKNOLWEDGEMENTSFunders and other supporters of the research are acknowledged in the original publications. The compilation and publication of this dataset was carried out as part of an NCF project supported by Fondation Franklinia. FILES INCLUDEDBesides the 00_README.txt file that contains this metadata, the dataset includes the following 11 files, whose details and contents are explained below. 01_all_sites.csvDescription: The file contains details of the five study sites (three continuous forest and two forest fragment sites).   Note: Current Name of TF (Tata Finlay) site is Old Valparai, current name of Akkamalai (AK) is Iyerpadi-Akkamalai complex. Sites and codes correspond to the Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 paper (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x).Column names and descriptions: eventDate: Date range when sampling was carried out in the sites old_sitename: Name of the site as used in the Muthuramkumar et al. (2006) paper (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x) sitecode: Site code as used in the Muthuramkumar et al. (2006) paper (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x) site: Site name as at present and used in this dataset decimalLatitude: latitude in decimal degrees North decimalLongitude: longitude in decimal degrees East geodeticDatum: Geodetic Datum WGS 84 coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: Uncertainty in metres of the GPS location (as only one location available for entire site where points were distributed) type: Indicates whether site was continuous rainforest or rainforest fragment Area_ha: Area in hectares Altitude_min_m: Minimum altitude in metres of sampled plots Altitude_max_m: Maximum altitude in metres of sampled plots Ownership: Whether site is in privately owned land or within state-protected reserve Average_canopy_height_m: average canopy height in metres Canopy_closure_%: estimated canopy closure in percentage Nearby_plantations: Adjoining plantations 02_all_trees_adult_data.csvDescription: The file contains records of all adult trees >= 30 cm girth at breast height of 1.3 m (gbh) recorded within 20 m x 20 m plots across three continuous forests and two forest fragments.Note: Same as in the Osuri et al. (2017) dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn), with Tithonia diversifolia added back in Injipara and data from one additional site (Manamboli Lower) added back from the original dataset corresponding to the Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 paper (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x).   Column names and descriptions: x: Row index site: Name of forest site plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m adult tree plot within each site q_no: An unique number assigned to each of four 10m x 10m quarters within each adult plot t_no: An unique number assigned to each individual tree within each site. old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (refer to Appendix A of the main paper for full species names, and the 06_all_species_names.csv file with this dataset) osuri_code: Revised species codes used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in Journal of Tropical Ecology 33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn) current_code: Species codes used at present gbh_1 to gbh_16: Girth at breast height of single- (gbh_1) and multi-stemmed (gbh_2 – gbh_16) individuals, measured in centimetres (cm) P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no 03_all_liana_data.csvDescription: The file contains records of all lianas >= 1 cm diameter at breast height of 1.3 m (dbh) recorded within 20 m x 20 m plots across three continuous forests and two forest fragments.Note: Lianas were not included in the Osuri et al. (2017) dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn).Column names and descriptions: x: Row index site: Name of forest site plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m adult tree plot within each site q_no: An unique number assigned to each of four 10m x 10m quarters within each adult plot t_no: An unique number assigned to each individual tree within each site. old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (refer to Appendix A of the main paper for full species names, and the 06_all_species_names.csv file with this dataset) osuri_code: Indicated as NA since these data were not used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in Journal of Tropical Ecology 33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn) current_code: Species codes used at present dbh_1 to dbh_11: Diameter at breast height of single- (dbh_1) and multi-stemmed (dbh_2 – dbh_11) individuals, measured in centimetres (cm)     P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no 04_all_herbs_data.csvDescription: The file contains records of all understorey plants (shrubs, undershrubs, herbs, ferns, and small twiners) recorded in 2 m × 2 m quadrats laid at the four corners of each 20 m × 20 m plot in three continuous forests and two forest fragments.Note: Understorey plants were not included in the Osuri et al. (2017) dataset (https: //doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn).Column names and descriptions: x: Row index site: Name of forest site plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m plot within each site corner_no: An unique number assigned to each of four 2 m x 2 m quadrat laid at the four corners of the 20 m x 20 m plot t_no: A number assigned to each individual species recorded within the corner plot. old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (refer to Appendix A of the main paper for full species names, and the 06_all_species_names.csv file with this dataset) osuri_code: Indicated as NA since these data were not used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in Journal of Tropical Ecology 33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn) current_code: Species codes used at present count: Number of individuals counted (for vegetatively propagating plants a clump of stems that was basally connected was considered as one individual) P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no 05_all_regeneration_data.csvDescription: The file contains records of woody seedlings and saplings (1-5 cm diameter at breast height at 1.3 m, dbh) and larger-stemmed trees (>5 cm dbh) recorded within single 5 m x 5 m regeneration plots nested within 20 m x 20 m plots. Plots were located in three continuous forests and two forest fragments. Data were filtered during analysis in Osuri et al. (2017, Journal of Tropical Ecology) to retain only seedling and saplings, defined as individuals with effective diameter <=5 cm.Note: Same as in the Osuri et al. (2017) dataset, with Tithonia diversifolia added back in Injipara from original dataset; and data from one additional site (Manamboli Lower) added back from the Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 dataset.   Column names and descriptions: x: Row index site: Name of forest site plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m adult tree plot within each site q_no: The 5 m x 5 m plot was placed in the SW corner of the 20 m x 20 m plot in this q_no which indicates one of the four 10 m x 10 m quarters of the 20 m x 20 m plot, where each quarter was given a unique number in each site t_no: An unique number assigned to each individual seedling, sapling or tree within each site. old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (for full species names refer to 06_all_species_names.csv file with this dataset) osuri_code: Revised species codes used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in Journal of Tropical Ecology 33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn) current_code: Species codes used at present dbh_1 to dbh_12: Diameter at breast height of single- (dbh_1) and multi-stemmed (dbh_2 – dbh_12) individuals, measured in centimetres (cm)     eff_dbh: Effective diameter at breast height (cm)- calculated as ((dbh)^2 +(dbh_1)^2 +...+(dbh_12)^2)^(1/2), P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no 06_all_canopy_readings.csvDescription: The file contains canopy-related measurements taken in each 20 m × 20 m plot in three continuous forests and two forest fragments.Note: Units of light meter reading were not recordedColumn names and descriptions: site: Name of forest site plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m adult tree plot within each site reading: A number assigned to the 1 to 4 readings taken in each plot light: Light measurement taken with a light meter in the plot canopy_openness: Canopy openness (scored from 0-100%) using a spherical densiometer (Canopy cover = 100 - canopy openness) P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no 07_all_extracanopy_trees_data.csvDescription: The file contains records of additional trees outside the 5 x 5 m plot whose canopy was overhead of the plot.Note: Species codes are used to denote presence (not count of stems) of that species in the overhead canopy.Column names and descriptions: site: Name of forest site plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m adult tree plot within each site q_no: The 5 m x 5 m plot was placed in the SW corner of the 20 m x 20 m plot in this q_no which indicates one of the four 10 m x 10 m quarters of the 20 m x 20 m plot, where each quarter was given a unique number in each site old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (for full species names refer to 06_all_species_names.csv file with this dataset) osuri_code: Revised species codes used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in Journal of Tropical Ecology 33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn) current_code: Species codes used at present P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no 08_all_species_names.csvDescription: This file provides species codes and species scientific names as originally used in the Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 paper (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x), and as matched with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) species name matching toolNote: For plots that had no species occurrences (old_code = No herbs, Noliana), NA has been used for other columnsColumn names and descriptions: group: Code indicating main dataset group where species occurs (tree and regeneration data, liana data, understorey plants data) old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (refer to traits data file for full species names) osuri_code: Revised species codes if used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in Journal of Tropical Ecology 33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn) or else indicated as NA current_code: Species codes used at present original_name: Scientific name of plant species as used at the time of the original publication (Muthuramkumar et al. 2006) original_fullname: Scientific name and authorship of plant species as used at the time of the original publication (Muthuramkumar et al. 2006) original_family: Family of the plant species as used at the time of original publication GBIFname: Scientific name as matched by GBIF species name matching tool key: GBIF name matching tool key number matchType: Type of match confidence: Confidence returned by name matching tool status: Whether accepted name or synonym rank: Taxanomic rank (level) to which identified kingdom: Taxonomic Kingdom phylum: Taxonomic Phylum class: Taxonomic Class order: Taxonomic Order family: Taxonomic Family genus: Taxonomic Genus species: Taxonomic Species canonicalName: Canonical part of scientific name matched by GBIF authorship: Authorship of scientific name matched by GBIF scientificName: Current scientific name (from species, genus, or family columns) 09_tabula_Biotropica_appendix1.csvDescription: This file contains tabled values extracted from Appendix 1 of Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 paper in Biotropica (DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x); extraction from PDF carried out using Tabula software (https://tabula.technology/)Note: Last 5 columns contain total abundance (count of individuals/stems) in the corresponding site.Column names and descriptions: slno: serial number habit: Plant habit indicating trees, lianas, or understorey plants species: species name as used in Appendix 1 of Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 asterisk: species endemic to Western Ghats are indicated by an asterisk (∗ ), and invasive species by double asterisk (∗∗ ). voucher_number: voucher number of herbarium specimen deposited in the herbarium of Salim Ali School of Ecology, Pondicherry University, India. family: plant family as in Appendix 1 Iyerpadi-Akkamalai: abundance (total number of individuals counted) in this site Manamboli_Upper: abundance (total number of individuals counted) in this site Manamboli_Lower: abundance (total number of individuals counted) in this site Old_Valparai: abundance (total number of individuals counted) in this site Injipara: abundance (total number of individuals counted) in this site 10_Muthuramkumar et al 2006_Abstract and Appendix 1_extract_Biotropica.pdfExtracted PDF of first page with Abstract and Appendix 1 of Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 (DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x). 11_figure_1_Biotropica_paper.jpgJPEG image of Figure 1 (map of study area) from the following publication: MUTHURAMKUMAR, S., AYYAPPAN, N., PARTHASARATHY, N., MUDAPPA, D., RAMAN, T. R. S., SELWYN, M. A. & PRAGASAN, L. A. 2006. Plant community structure in tropical rain forest fragments of the Western Ghats, India. Biotropica 38: 143–160. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x

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Figs 1–2 in The population structure of Leptoiulus proximus (Nĕmec, 1896) (Diplopoda, Julidae) in floodplain forests after summer flooding

Figs 1–2. Changes in abundance of individual stadia in the population of L. proximus. 1. Changes in epigeic activity (numbers of individuals per 18 pitfall traps) at four-week intervals over the four years after flooding. 2. Changes in density (individuals/m2) at four-week intervals over the four years after flooding (animals extracted from soil samples by Tullgren funnels).