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Fig. 3 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 3. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov., living animals. A. Hluhluwe Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 16.0 mm (paratype, NMSA V2279/T4059). B. Mariepskop, Mpumalanga, shell diameter 13.3 mm (paratype, NMSA P0229/T4051).

Fig. 1 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 1. Illustrations of characters mentioned in key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. A. Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov., epiphallus, caecum and flagellum (paratype, NMSA V4725/T4062). B. Microkerkus burnupi (Godwin-Austen, 1914), epiphallus and caecum (NMSA W3660). C. Sheldonia fingolandensis sp. nov., epiphallus, caecum and flagellum (paratype, NMSA W4169/T3385). D. Ptilototheca soutpansbergensis Herbert, 2016, epiphallus, caecum and flagellum (paratype, NMSA P0304/T4060). E. Ptilototheca soutpansbergensis, spermatophore (paratype, NMSA W2259/T4067). F. Kerkophorus poeppigii (Pfeiffer, 1846), spermatophore (NMSA W4911). G. Microkerkus arnotti (Benson, 1864), spermatophore (NMSA W6082). H. Sheldonia capsula (Benson, 1864), spermatophore, arrow indicates short, stout projections on both sides of the subterminal region of the tail, enlarged in inset (NMSA W4686). I. Selatodryas luteosoma gen. et sp. nov., spermatophore, arrow indicates non-spinose distal portion of tail (paratype, NMSA W9691/T3874).

Fig. 2 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 2. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov. A–D. Holotype, diameter 18.6 mm (NMSA A8172/T4057). E. Hluhluwe Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.4 mm (paratype, NMSA V2360/T4055). F. Ngome Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.8 mm (paratype, NMSA V2250/T4056). G. Mariepskop, Mpumalanga, diameter 13.0 mm (paratype, NMSA W9365/T4049). H. Possible K. piperatus × vittarubra hybrid, Nkandla Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.8 mm (NMSA W1116).

Fig. 20 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 20. Microkerkus sibaya sp. nov., holotype, diameter 10.0 mm (NMSA V6958/T4169), four views of shell and detail of pattern of white lines on body whorl, scale bar = 2.0 mm.

Fig. 30 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 30. Selatodryas luteosoma gen. et sp. nov., genitalia and spermatophore. A. Entire genital tract. B. Flagellum. C. Penis extracted from its sheath. D. Spermatophore. A–C. Holotype (NMSA W3925/ T3873). D. Paratype (NMSA W9691/T3874).

Fig. 12 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 12. Kerkophorus scrobicolus sp. nov., living animal, Mkambati Nature Reserve, E Cape, shell diameter 14.1 mm (paratype, NMSA V8911/T4163).

Fig. 9 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 9. Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov., radula (paratype, NMSA V4725/T4062). A. Rachidian and left lateral teeth. B. Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. C. Inner left marginal teeth. D. Outer left marginal teeth. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B–D = 100 μm.

Fig. 5 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 5. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov., genitalia and spermatophore. A–B. Genitalia, Mariepskop, Mpumalanga (paratype, NMSA W4433/T4050). A. Entire genital tract. B. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath. C. Spermatophore, Mariepskop, Mpumalanga (NMSA W3906).

Fig. 16 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 16. Kerkophorus terrestris sp. nov. A–D. Holotype, diameter 13.1 mm (NMSA W3979/T3862). E. Close-set microspiral sculpture on protoconch, scale bar = 200 μm (paratype, NMSA W2933/T3863).

Fig. 10 in A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s.l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)

Fig. 10. Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov., genitalia and spermatophore (paratype, NMSA V4725/T4062). A. Genital tract (minus ovotestis). B. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath revealing stimulator and sinuous penis. C. Spermatophore.

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Fig. 2 in A new species of Novastoa Finlay, 1926 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vermetidae) from coral reefs of the Pacific Ocean

Fig. 2. Novastoa rapaitiensis sp. nov. A–D. Pre-hatching larval shells from egg mass of Fig. 1M. E–F. Operculum of specimen from Rapa Iti (not from the type series). G. SEM image of lateral view of operculum, with lamina stripped away to expose underlying structure (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). H. SEM image of exterior surface of operculum (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). I. Radula of specimen from Rapa Iti. L. Central section of radula (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). M. SEM image of teleoconch sculpture after removal of surrounding substrate (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia).

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Fig. 1 in A new species of Novastoa Finlay, 1926 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vermetidae) from coral reefs of the Pacific Ocean

Fig. 1. Novastoa rapaitiensis sp. nov. A. Living specimens embedded in coral substrate with only apertures and heavily encrusted opercula visible (UF 400847, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, photographs by G. Paulay). B–C. Preserved specimen fractured in plane perpendicular to surface, showing both halves of broken shell and animal embedded in coral (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia). D–E. Living specimen from Rapa Iti (MNHN IM-2000-31685) just after extraction from the shell. F. Living specimen embedded in coral that has been fractured in plane perpendicular to surface (UF 400849). – G–L. Lateral views of opercula. G. Operculum from Rapa Iti as photographed in the field just after dissection (not from the type series). H. Operculum from the Moorea Island population, French Polynesia (UF 436684). I. Operculum from the Rapa Iti Island population, French Polynesia (MNHN IM-2000-31684). L. Operculum from the Yonge Reef population, Australia (AM C.464342). – M. Egg capsule after removal from interior shell wall (more developed embryos shown in Fig. 2A–D).

Fig. 10. A in The genus Diplommatina Benson, 1849 (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Diplommatinidae) in Nepal, with the description of seven new species

Fig. 10. A. Scanning electron micrograph of Diplommatina folliculus (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) collected by T. Hutton at Simla, India (NHMUK no. 1856.9.15.22), scale bar 1 mm (Naggs 1997, fig. 10). B. Shell collected by W. Boys at Landour, India, showing the columellaris, the operculum and the inner parietalis (Prt1) (NHMUK no. 1842.7.4.492), scale bar 1 mm (Naggs 1997: fig. 11). C. T. Hutton's shell from Simla, India (NHMUK no. 1856.9.15.22), showing the columellaris.

Fig. 8. A in The genus Diplommatina Benson, 1849 (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Diplommatinidae) in Nepal, with the description of seven new species

Fig. 8. A. Diplommatina silvicola Godwin-Austen, 1886 (CDZMTU050). B. D. sperata W.T. Blanford, 1862 (CDZMTU062). C. D. syabrubesiensis sp. nov., holotype (CDZMTU051). The yellow arrow indicates the dorsal fold. Scale bar in images A2, A4, B2, B4, C2, C4 is 500 µm.

Fig. 9 in The genus Diplommatina Benson, 1849 (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Diplommatinidae) in Nepal, with the description of seven new species

Fig. 9. Palatal lamellae (palatalis) of species of Diplommatina. Dotted lines indicate the position of the constriction. Dark lines indicate the palatalis. A. D. abiesiana sp. nov. B. D. exserta Godwin- Austen, 1886. C. D. fistulata sp. nov. D. D. folliculus (L. Pfeiffer, 1846). E. D. godawariensis sp. nov. F. D. maipokhariensis sp. nov. G. D. miriensis Godwin-Austen, 1917. H. D. munipurensis Godwin- Austen, 1892. I. D. oviformis Fulton, 1901. J. D. regularis Fulton, 1901. K. D. salgharica sp. nov. L. D. shivapuriensis sp. nov. M. D. silvicola Godwin-Austen, 1886. N. D. sperata W.T. Blanford, 1862. O. D. syabrubesiensis sp. nov.

Fig. 7. Diplommatina Benson, 1849 in The genus Diplommatina Benson, 1849 (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Diplommatinidae) in Nepal, with the description of seven new species

Fig. 7. Diplommatina Benson, 1849 of Nepal. A. D. regularis Fulton, 1901 (CDZMTU045). B. D. salgharica sp. nov., holotype (CDZMTU046). C. D. shivapuriensis sp. nov., holotype (CDZMTU048). Scale bar in images A2, A4, B2, B4, C2, C4 is 500 µm.

Fig. 5. Diplommatina Benson, 1849 in The genus Diplommatina Benson, 1849 (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Diplommatinidae) in Nepal, with the description of seven new species

Fig. 5. Diplommatina Benson, 1849 of Nepal. A. D. miriensis Godwin-Austen, 1917 (CDZMTU036). B. D. munipurensis Godwin-Austen, 1892 (CDZMTU039). C. D. oviformis Fulton, 1901 (CDZMTU042). Scale bar in images A2, A4, B2, B4, C2, C4 is 500 µm.

Fig. 6. Diplommatina pachycheilus Benson, 1857 in The genus Diplommatina Benson, 1849 (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Diplommatinidae) in Nepal, with the description of seven new species

Fig. 6. Diplommatina pachycheilus Benson, 1857, specimen from Darjiling (one shell among five possible syntypes), [Teste H. Blanford] (UMZC I.102595, NHM). Image reproduced from Raheem et al. 2010)

Fig. 3. Diplommatina Benson, 1849 in The genus Diplommatina Benson, 1849 (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Diplommatinidae) in Nepal, with the description of seven new species

Fig. 3. Diplommatina Benson, 1849 of Nepal. A. D. abiesiana sp. nov., holotype (CDZMTU020). B. D. exserta Godwin-Austen, 1886 (CDZMTU024). C. D. fistulata sp. nov., holotype (CDZMTU025). The yellow arrow indicates the dorsal fold. Scale bar in images A2, A4, B2, B4, C2, C4 is 500 µm.

Fig. 2. Shell terminology. A. D. regularis Fulton, 1901. B. D in The genus Diplommatina Benson, 1849 (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Diplommatinidae) in Nepal, with the description of seven new species

Fig. 2. Shell terminology. A. D. regularis Fulton, 1901. B. D. folliculus (L. Pfeiffer, 1846). C. General outline of the lower part of a shell from Diplommatina species. Abbreviations: Prt = Parietalis (Prt1 = inner parietalis, Prt2 = outer parietalis); Pt = Palatalis; Hpt = Horizontal palatalis (Hpt1 = lower, Hpt2 = upper in case of two); Vpt = Vertical palatalis (Vpt1 = left side, Vpt2 = right side in case of two).