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865 results for “Geographic data”
Data from: Rarity does not limit genetic variation or preclude subpopulation structure in the geographically restricted desert forb Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinensis
Premise of the study: Characteristics of rare taxa include small population sizes and limited geographical ranges. The genetic consequences of rarity are poorly understood for most taxa. A small geographical range could result in reduced opportunity for isolation by distance or environment, thereby limiting genetic structure and variation, but few studies explore genetic structure at small spatial scales with sufficient resolution to test this hypothesis. Moreover, few comparative genetic studies exist among infrataxa differing in rarity. Here, we compare genetic variation among varieties of Astragalus lentiginosus differing in range size. Additionally, we ask if genetic structure exists in A. l. var. piscinensis, a rare taxon consisting of several thousand individuals that persist on ~8 km2 of alkaline soil. Methods: We compared genetic variation among 11 varieties of A. lentiginosus differing in range size using a genotyping by sequencing (GBS) approach, which generated 11,475 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We characterized genetic structure among subpopulations of A. l. var. piscinensis using a second GBS dataset of 7,274 SNPs and explored associations between genetic structure and environmental variation. Key results: We found no association between genetic variation and range size among varieties of A. lentiginosus. Additionally, despite the extremely small range of A. l. var. piscinensis, we report a well-defined genetic structure among subpopulations associated with microhabitat variation in soil composition. Conclusion: Our results suggest that fine scale genetic structure may exist within other rare Astragalus taxa and that rarity does not preclude the maintenance of genetic diversity in this genus. In compliance with data protection regulations, please contact the publication office if you would like to have your personal information removed from the database.
Data from: Does sex-biased dispersal account for the lack of geographic and host-associated differentiation in introduced populations of an aphid parasitoid?
Host recognition and use in female parasitoids strongly relies on host fidelity, a plastic behavior which can significantly restrict the host preferences of parasitoids, thus reducing the gene flow between parasitoid populations attacking different insect hosts. However, the effect of migrant males on the genetic differentiation of populations has been frequently ignored in parasitoids, despite its known impact on gene flow between populations. Hence, we studied the extent of gene flow mediated by female and male parasitoids by assessing sibship relationships among parasitoids within and between populations, and its impact on geographic and host-associated differentiation in the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi. We report evidences of a high gene flow among parasitoid populations on different aphid hosts and geographic locations. The high gene flow among parasitoid populations was found to be largely male mediated, suggested by significant differences in the distribution of full-sib and paternal half-sib dyads of parasitoid populations.
Data from: Dense geographic and genomic sampling reveals paraphyly and a cryptic lineage in a classic sibling species complex
Incomplete or geographically biased sampling poses significant problems for research in phylogeography, population genetics, phylogenetics, and species delimitation. Despite the power of using genome-wide genetic markers in systematics and related fields, approaches such as the multispecies coalescent remain unable to easily account for unsampled lineages. The Empidonax difficilis / E. occidentalis complex of small tyrannid flycatchers (Aves: Tyrannidae) is a classic example of widely-distributed species with limited phenotypic geographic variation that was broken into two largely cryptic (or "sibling") lineages following extensive study. Though the group is well-characterized north of the U.S. Mexico border, the evolutionary distinctiveness and phylogenetic relationships of southern populations remain obscure. In this paper, we use dense genomic and geographic sampling across the majority of the range of the E. difficilis / E . occidentalis complex to assess whether current taxonomy and species limits reflect underlying evolutionary patterns, or whether they are an artifact of historically biased or incomplete sampling. We find that additional samples from Mexico render the widely recognized species-level lineage E. occidentalis paraphyletic, though it retains support in the best-fit species delimitation model from clustering analyses. We further identify a highly divergent unrecognized lineage in a previously unsampled portion of the group's range, which a cline analysis suggests is more reproductively isolated than the currently recognized species E. difficilis and E. occidentalis. Our phylogeny supports a southern origin of these taxa. Our results highlight the pervasive impacts of biased geographic sampling, even in well-studied vertebrate groups like birds, and illustrate what is a common problem when attempting to define species in the face of recent divergence and reticulate evolution.
Data from: Global geographic patterns in the colours and sizes of animal‐dispersed fruits
Aim. Fruit colours attract animal seed dispersers, yet the causes of fruit colour diversity remain controversial. The lack of knowledge of large-scale spatial patterns in fruit colours has limited our ability to formulate and test alternative hypotheses to explain fruit colour, fruit size, and fruit colour diversity. We describe spatial (especially latitudinal) variation in fruit colour, colour diversity, and length, and test for correlations between fruit colour, length, and plant habit. Location. Global. Time period. Present-day. Major taxa studied. Seed plants. Methods. We assembled a database of fruit traits for 13,178 fleshy-fruited plant species spanning 136 sites around the world. To assess whether fruit colour categories correspond with spectral reflectances, we tested for clustering of hue, chroma, and saturation for 236 species for which we had reflectance data. We then quantified latitudinal gradients in fruit colour, fruit length, and fruit colour diversity while controlling for the effects of plant habit, and whether colour categories varied with respect to average fruit size. Results. Colour categories corresponded well with reflectance data. The tropics show high colour diversity, while red fruits progressively constitute a higher proportion of the fleshy-fruited plant community towards high latitudes. All mammal-associated colours (green, orange, brown, and yellow) are more common in the tropics than at high latitudes. Fruit length also increases towards the tropics. Main conclusions. Tropical communities tend to have diverse fruit colours, including many mammal-associated fruit colours, while high latitude communities contain a higher percentage of red-fruited species. The correlation between colour and size is strong, and some latitudinal patterns may be partly driven by changes in fruit size. Differences in geography and in the history of plant lineages in the southern versus the northern hemisphere may help to explain some biogeographic patterns, but alternative hypotheses related to fruit defence, development, and metabolic costs are plausible.
Data from: Geographic variation in adult and embryonic desiccation tolerance in a terrestrial-breeding frog
<p>Intra-specific variation in the ability of individuals to tolerate environmental perturbations is often neglected when considering the impacts of climate change. Yet this information is potentially crucial for mitigating deleterious effects of climate change on threatened species. Here we assessed patterns of intra-specific variation in desiccation tolerance in the frog <i>Pseudophryne guentheri</i>, a terrestrial-breeding species experiencing a drying climate. Adult frogs were collected from six populations across a rainfall gradient and their dehydration and rehydration rates were assessed. We also compared desiccation tolerance of embryos and hatchlings originating from within-population parental crosses from four of the populations. Embryos were reared on soil at three soil-water potentials and their desiccation tolerance was assessed across a range of traits. We found significant and strong patterns of intra-specific variation in almost all traits, both in adults and first-generation offspring. Adult frogs exhibited clinal variation in their water balance responses, with populations from drier sites both dehydrating and rehydrating more slowly compared to frogs from more mesic sites. Similarly, desiccation tolerance of first-generation offspring was significantly greater in populations from xeric sites. Our findings suggest that populations within this species will respond differently to the regional reduction in rainfall predicted by climate change models.</p>
Data from: Geographic patterns of song variation in four species of Malurus fairy-wrens
Geographic variation in song is widespread among birds, particularly in species that learn vocalizations. The relationship between geographic distance and song variation is likely related to the degree of isolation between populations. To assess this effect of geographic isolation on song divergence, we examined patterns of geographic song variation in four species of Australian fairy-wrens (Malurus), two with suspected histories of geographic isolation and two without. Song variation in all four species was consistent with patterns of isolation by distance, and allopatric subspecies in two species were more divergent in song than predicted by distance alone. Each species' pattern was unique, and some interspecific variation could not be explained by geographic distance. These results indicate that patterns of geographic variation can be influenced by more than geographic distance and historical isolation alone. We suggest that morphological constraints, environmental influences, and sexual selection may all contribute to the variation observed for each species.
Data from: Patterns of divergence across the geographic and genomic landscape of a butterfly hybrid zone associated with a climatic gradient
Hybrid zones are a valuable tool for studying the process of speciation and for identifying the genomic regions undergoing divergence and the ecological (extrinsic) and non-ecological (intrinsic) factors involved. Here, we explored the genomic and geographic landscape of divergence in a hybrid zone between Papilio glaucus and Papilio canadensis. Using a genome scan of 28,417 ddRAD SNPs, we identified genomic regions under possible selection and examined their distribution in the context of previously identified candidate genes for ecological adaptations. We showed that differentiation was genome-wide, including multiple candidate genes for ecological adaptations, particularly those involved in seasonal adaptation and host plant detoxification. The Z-chromosome and four autosomes showed a disproportionate amount of differentiation, suggesting genes on these chromosomes play a potential role in reproductive isolation. Cline analyses of significantly differentiated genomic SNPs, and of species diagnostic genetic markers, showed a high degree of geographic coincidence (81%) and concordance (80%) and were associated with the geographic distribution of a climate-mediated developmental threshold (length of the growing season). A relatively large proportion (1.3%) of the outliers for divergent selection were not associated with candidate genes for ecological adaptations and may reflect the presence of previously unrecognized intrinsic barriers between these species. These results suggest that exogenous (climate-mediated) and endogenous (unknown) clines may have become coupled and act together to reinforce reproductive isolation. This approach of assessing divergence across both the genomic and geographic landscape can provide insight about the interplay between the genetic architecture of reproductive isolation and endogenous and exogenous selection.
Data from: Declining demographic performance and dispersal limitation influence the geographic distribution of the perennial forb, Astragalus utahensis (fabaceae)
1. A central goal of ecology is understanding the determinants of species' distributions. 'Metapopulation' models for the existence of distributional boundaries predict that species' geographic ranges arise from the landscape-scale deterioration of habitat suitability towards the range edge (i.e. niche mechanisms), which simultaneously hinders demographic performance and limits dispersal to suitable habitat beyond the edge (i.e. dispersal limitation). However, few studies have examined both of these mechanisms for the same species by examining abundance and comprehensive measures of demographic performance across the distribution and beyond its boundary. 2. We tested the predictions of metapopulation models for range limits by contrasting abundance, demographic performance, and population growth (λ) of the perennial forb Astragalus utahensis in central and northern range edge populations. We tested for dispersal limitation by transplanting individuals at and beyond the northern range boundary and monitoring their demographic performance. 3. Astragalus abundance and stochastic λ decreased from the range center to the northern range edge, with stochastic λ falling to or below replacement in range edge populations. However, transplants at some sites beyond the northern range edge survived and reproduced at levels similar to transplants within the range. Thus, in addition to deteriorating conditions at the range edge, dispersal limitation appears to contribute to limiting A. utahensis' northern distribution. 4. Synthesis: Our results support metapopulation models for range limits by suggesting that decreased demographic performance constrains the viability of range edge populations while contributing to dispersal limitation of A. utahensis' distribution. Thus, the tandem action of niche and dispersal processes appears to play an important role in constraining this species' northern latitudinal range.
Data from: Seasonality determines patterns of growth and age structure over a geographic gradient in an ectothermic vertebrate
<p>Environmental variation connected with sea- sonality is likely to affect the evolution of life-history strategies in ectotherms, but there is no consensus as to how important life-history traits like body size are influ- enced by environmental variation along seasonal gradients. We compared adult body size, skeletal growth, mean age, age at first reproduction and longevity among 11 common frog (<em>Rana temporaria</em>) populations sampled along a 1,600-km-long latitudinal gradient across Scandinavia. Mean age, age at first reproduction and longevity increased linearly with decreasing growth season length. Lifetime activity (i.e. the estimated number of active days during life-time) was highest at mid-latitudes and females had on average more active days throughout their lives than males. Variation in body size was due to differences in lifetime activity among populations—individuals (especially females) were largest where they had the longest cumula- tive activity period—as well as to differences between populations in skeletal growth rate as determined by skel- etochronological analyses. Especially, males grew faster at intermediate latitudes. While life-history trait variation was strongly associated with latitude, the direction and shape of these relationships were sex- and trait-specific. These context-dependent relationships may be the result of life- history trade-offs enforced by differences in future reproductive opportunities and time constraints among the populations. Thus, seasonality appears to be an important environmental factor shaping life-history trait variation in common frogs.</p>
Data from: Distributional shifts – not geographic isolation – as a probable driver of montane species divergence
As biodiversity hotspots, montane regions have been a focus of research to understand the divergence process. Like their oceanic counterparts, the diversity of the "sky islands" might be ascribed to geographic isolation of mountaintops. However, because the sky islands, and especially those in northern latitudes, are subject to extreme climatic events such as the glacial cycles that drove both altitudinal and geographical shifts in species' distributions, the dynamic colonization process is also a possible factor driving divergence. Here we test these two hypotheses (i.e., isolation versus colonization) in a flightless montane grasshopper, Melanoplus oregonensis, which is a member of a diverse group that radiated across the Rocky Mountains of North America. Using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) and spatially explicit simulations that account for spatial heterogeneity and temporal shifts in species distributions, we show that a colonization model of the sky islands from refugial populations provides a significantly better fit to the empirical genetic data than a model of the geographic isolation among sky islands. Moreover, support for the colonization model holds irrespective of whether the movement of individuals was modeled as a diffusion process or was informed by differences in habitat suitabilities across the landscape. With validation analyses to confirm the models provide a good fit to the data, as well as general power and quality analyses, the research not only adds to a growing body of work on the complex dynamics underlying montane biodiversity, but it also provides much needed evaluation of competing hypotheses based on explicit models of the divergence process, as opposed to inferences about diversification drivers from species diversity patterns.
Data from: Ecological and geographic dimensions of diversification in Piper subgenus Ottonia: a lineage of neotropical rainforest shrubs
The Neotropics are home to incomparable plant diversity. To evaluate the potential roles of geography and ecology on speciation in Neotropical plants we selected a small, tractable lineage of shrubby angiosperms, Piper subgenus Ottonia. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny and provided insights into the species divergence times based on fossil calibration of the molecular clock. We support the monophyly of Piper subg. Ottonia and the two main lineages: Amazonian and Atlantic Forest, the latter containing the non-Atlantic species pair P. darienense‐P. piscatorum. We also propose the origin of Piper subg. Ottonia in the early Eocene and suggest that the diversification of Piper subg. Ottonia was influenced by geo-historical events such as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and the uplift of the Andes in the Miocene, as is the case for other angiosperms. Furthermore, we combined our phylogeny with geographic and environmental data in order to evaluate geographical and ecological contexts for speciation. We indicate that neither climatic/edaphic divergence nor geographic isolation appears to be needed to explain speciation in this lineage.
Data from: Genomic diversity of a nectar yeast clusters into metabolically, but not geographically, distinct lineages
Both dispersal limitation and environmental sorting can affect genetic variation in populations, but their contribution remains unclear, particularly in microbes. We sought to determine the contribution of geographic distance (as a proxy for dispersal limitation) and phenotypic traits (as a proxy for environmental sorting), including morphology, metabolic ability, and interspecific competitiveness, to the genotypic diversity in a nectar yeast species, Metschnikowia reukaufii. To measure genotypic diversity, we sequenced the genomes of 102 strains of M. reukaufii isolated from the floral nectar of hummingbird-pollinated shrub, Mimulus aurantiacus, along a 200-km coastline in California. Intraspecific genetic variation showed no detectable relationship with geographic distance, but could be grouped into three distinct lineages that correlated with metabolic ability and interspecific competitiveness. Despite ample evidence for strong competitive interactions within and among nectar yeasts, a full spectrum of the genotypic and phenotypic diversity observed across the 200-km coastline was represented even at a scale as small as 200 m. Furthermore, more competitive strains were not necessarily more abundant. These results suggest that dispersal limitation and environmental sorting might not fully explain intraspecific diversity in this microbe and highlight the need to also consider other ecological factors such as trade-offs, source-sink dynamics, and niche modification.
Data from: Geographic variations in eco-evolutionary factors governing urban birds: the case of university campuses in China
<ol> <li><span>Urbanization alters natural habitats, restructures biotic communities, and serves as a filter for selecting species from regional species pools. However, empirical evidence of the specific traits that allow species to persist in urban areas yields mixed results. More importantly, it remains unclear which traits are widespread for species utilizing urban spaces (urban utilizers) and which are environment-dependent traits. </span></li> <li><span>Using 745 bird species from 287 university/institute campuses in 74 cities and their species pools across China, we tested whether species that occur in urban areas are correlated with regards to their biological (body mass, beak shape, flight capacity, and clutch size), ecological (diet diversity, niche width, and habitat breadth), behavioral (foraging innovation), and evolutionary (diversification rate) attributes. </span></li> <li><span>We used Bayesian phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models to disentangle the relative roles of these predictors further and to determine the extent to which the effects of these predictors varied among different cities. </span></li> <li><span>We found that urban birds were more phylogenetically clustered than expected by chance, and were generally characterized by a larger habitat breadth, faster diversification rate, more behavioral innovation, and smaller body size. Notably, the relative effects of the attributes in explaining urban bird communities varied with city temperature and elevation, indicating that the filters used to determine urban species were environment-dependent. </span></li> <li><span>We conclude that, while urban birds are typically small-sized, generalists, innovative, and rapidly-diversifying, the key traits that allow them to thrive vary spatially, depending on the climatic and topographic conditions of the city. These findings emphasize the importance of studying species communities within specific cities to better understand the contextual dependencies of key traits that are filtered by urban environments.</span></li> </ol>
Climate data and geographic data from Madagascar for learning multi-criteria analysis in GIS courses
<p>Climate data and geographic data from Madagascar for learning multi-criteria analysis in GIS courses. </p> <ul> <li><strong>MultiCriteriaAnalysis_ENG_v2023_v4.pdf</strong> - summary of Multi-Criteria Analysis methods for suitability of mango tree fruitculture.</li> <li><strong>MultiCriteriaAnalysis_simple_ENG_v2023_v4.xlsx</strong> - sheets with support material fromPDF and videos in lecture channel</li> <li><strong>Country borders</strong>: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/50m-cultural-vectors/50m-admin-0-countries-2/</li> <li><strong>Rivers</strong>: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-physical-vectors/</li> <li><strong>Roads</strong>: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/50m-cultural-vectors/ </li> <li><strong>Global land cover classes - GLOBCOVER</strong>: http://due.esrin.esa.int/page_globcover.php</li> <li><strong>Temperature and precipiatation </strong>- climate variables: clipped from WorldClim database rasters (see http://www.worldclim.org/) </li> <li><strong>Digital Elevation Model - DEM </strong>from EarthExplorer web portal (see https://www.cirgeo.unipd.it/didattica/GIS/01x_access_geodata.html#USGS:_EarthExplorer<br> </li> </ul>
Data from: Geographic and seasonal variation of the for gene reveal signatures of local adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>In the early 1980s, the observation that <em>Drosophila melanogaster </em>larvae differed in their foraging behavior laid the foundation for the work that would later lead to the discovery of the foraging gene (<em>for</em>) and its associated foraging phenotypes, rover and sitter. Since then, the molecular characterization of the <em>for</em> gene and our understanding of the mechanisms that maintain its phenotypic variants in the laboratory have progressed enormously. However, the significance and dynamics of such variation are yet to be investigated in nature. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, it is now possible to identify loci underlying adaptation of populations in response to environmental variation. Here, I present results of a genotype-environment association analysis that quantifies variation at the <em>for</em> gene among samples of <em>D. melanogaster</em> structured across space and time. These samples consist of published genomes of adult flies collected worldwide, and at least twice per site of collection (during spring and fall). Both an analysis of genetic differentiation based on Fst values, and an analysis of population structure revealed an east-west gradient in allele frequency. This gradient may be the result of spatially varying selection driven by the seasonality of precipitation. These results support the hypothesis that different patterns of gene flow as expected under models of isolation by distance and potentially isolation by environment are driving genetic differentiation among populations. Overall, this study is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying the evolution of foraging behavior in <em>D. melanogaster</em>.</p>
Data from: Geographic source of bats killed at wind-energy facilities in the eastern United States
<p>Bats subject to high rates of fatalities at wind-energy facilities are of conservation concern, but the impact on broader bat populations is difficult to assess. One reason is the poor understanding of the geographic source of individual fatalities and whether they constitute local resident individuals or migrants. Here, we used stable hydrogen isotopes, trace elements and species distribution models to determine the summer geographic origins of three different bat species (<em>Lasiurus borealis</em>, <em>L. cinereus</em>, and <em>Lasionycteris noctivagans</em>) killed at wind-energy facilities in Ohio and Maryland in the eastern United States. In Ohio, 58.4%, 78.7%, and 97.8% of all individuals of <em>L. borealis</em>, <em>L. cinereus</em>, and <em>L. noctivagans</em>, respectively, lacked evidence of movement and were likely residents. In contrast, in Maryland 22.7%, 62.9% and 72.7% of these same species were classified as residents. Our results suggest that a substantial portion of bats killed at a given wind facility are likely derived from resident populations. Finally, there is variation in the proportion of residents killed between seasons for some species and evidence of philopatry to summer roosts. Overall, these results indicate that impact of wind-energy facilities on resident bat populations may be greater than previously appreciated, but this impact is likely to vary across species and sites. Similar studies should be conducted across a boarder geographic scale to understand the impacts on bat populations from wind-energy facilities.</p>
Data from: Coyote diet in North America: geographic and ecological patterns during range expansion
<p>This dataset was used to review and analyze coyote diets across North America in "Coyote diets in North America: geographic and ecological patterns during range expansion" by Jensen et al. in Mammal Review. We only include data from studies that reported data as percent frequency of occurrence and from multiple seasons. We ultimately used 93 of the included studies (294 seasonal records) in our analyses.</p>
Ecological and geographical marginality in rear edge populations of Palaearctic forest birds (data)
<p>The centre–periphery hypothesis predicts that habitat suitability will decrease at the edge of a species' range, a pattern often questioned by empirical data. Here we explore if habitat suitability decreases southwards and shapes the abundance distribution of rear edge populations of forest birds within the restricted geographical setting of the south-western Palaearctic. We also test if birds endemic to the area fit more poorly to the latitudinal decrease of habitat suitability due to the putative effect of adaptations to regional conditions. Location: North-western Africa (Morocco) Time period: Present day Major taxa studied: Passerines (11 species) Methods: Bird occurrences were used to model species distribution and line transects were used to estimate bird abundance. Occurrence probabilities provided by species distribution models were used to display the spatial patterning of habitat suitability. Habitat suitability was employed to predict abundance after controlling for the effect of the distance to some regional source areas of forest birds (tree covered large areas). The species were classified as North African endemic according to an updated review of their taxonomic status. Results: Habitat suitability decreased southwards, supporting the predicted relationship between ecological and geographical marginality in most species. Abundance was positively correlated to habitat suitability and negatively correlated to distance to source areas. The taxonomic status of birds did not affect the patterns. Main conclusions: The southward decrease of habitat suitability predicted by the centre–periphery hypothesis shapes the distribution of rear edge populations of forest birds within the south-western Palaearctic. As most of these populations are endemic, the results suggest that they track the gradients in isolation within the geographical setting of north-western Africa. These results support the vulnerability of these isolated, peripheral populations of forest birds to large-scale environmental changes in a region under the effect of increasing drought and temperature.</p>
Data from: Population genomics reveal deep divergence and strong geographical structuring in the Hengduan Mountains
<p>We used restriction site-associated DNA sequencing to generate 1,907 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and four-kb of plastid sequence in species of the <em>Gentiana hexaphylla</em> complex (Gentianaceae). We performed genetic clustering with spatial and non-spatial models, phylogenetic reconstructions, and ancestral range estimation, with the aim of addressing the processes influencing the diversification of <em>G</em>. <em>hexaphylla</em> in the HM. Here, the SNP data and plastid sequence alignments are provided.</p>
Data for: (Epi)genomic adaptation driven by fine geographical scale environmental heterogeneity after recent biological invasions
<p><span>Elucidating processes and mechanisms involved in rapid local adaptation to varied environments is a poorly understood but crucial component in management of invasive species. Recent studies have proposed that genetic and epigenetic variation could both contribute to ecological adaptation, yet it remains unclear on the interplay between these two components underpinning rapid adaptation in wild animal populations. To assess their respective contributions to local adaptation, we explored epigenomic and genomic responses to environmental heterogeneity in eight recently colonized ascidian (<em>Ciona intestinalis</em>) populations at a relatively fine geographical scale. Based on MethylRADseq data, we detected strong patterns of local environment-driven DNA methylation divergence among populations, significant epigenetic isolation by environment (IBE), and a large number of local environment-associated epigenetic loci. Meanwhile, multiple genetic analyses based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed genomic footprints of </span><span>divergent selection</span><span>. </span><span>In addition, for five genetically similar populations, we detected significant methylation divergence and local environment-driven methylation patterns, indicating strong effects of local environments on epigenetic variation. From a functional perspective, a majority of functional genes, gene ontology (GO) terms, and biological pathways were largely specific to one of these two types of variation, suggesting partial independence between epigenetic and genetic adaptation. The methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL) analysis showed that the genetic variation explained only 18.67% of methylation variation, further confirming the autonomous relationship between these two types of variation. Altogether, we highlight the complementary interplay of genetic and epigenetic variation involved in local adaptation, which may jointly promote populations' rapid adaptive capacity and successful invasions in different environments. The findings here provide valuable insights into interactions between invaders and local environments to allow invasive species to rapidly spread, thus contributing to better prediction of invasion success and development of management strategies.</span></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.