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FIGURE 3 in A new giant anole (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southwestern Ecuador

FIGURE 3. Variation of color in life of Anolis nemonteae sp. nov. Adult female QCAZ 14595 (holotype, A, B, C); adult female JMG 0485 (D); juvenile female QCAZ 14431 (E); hatchling female QCAZ 14660 (F); adult male QCAZ 14596 (G, H, I); adult male JMG 0484 (J, K). Photographs by AEN (A, B, C, G, H, I), FAV (E), P. Pintanel (F) and P. Romero (D, J, K).

FIGURE 4 in A new giant anole (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southwestern Ecuador

FIGURE 4. Variation of color in preservative of Anolis nemonteae sp. nov. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of males (SVL = 98.4 mm, QCAZ 14596 left; SVL = 104.6 mm, JMG 0484 center; SVL = 115.2 mm, DHMECN 7687 right); and dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of females (SVL = 35.5 mm, QCAZ 14660 left; SVL = 88.4 mm, JMG 0485 center; SVL = 101.5 mm, QCAZ 14432 right). Photographs by M. Masache. Scale bars = 10 mm.

FIGURE 6 in A new giant anole (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southwestern Ecuador

FIGURE 6. Hemipenes of Anolis nemonteae sp. nov. (DHMECN 7687, SVL = 107.7 mm, left column) and A. fraseri (QCAZ 10212, SVL = 111.3 mm, right column) in sulcate (top), asulcate (middle) and lateral (bottom) views. Abbreviations: Ca = calyces, CF = crotch flap, SS = sulcus spermaticus. Photographs by MYM. Scale bars = 5 mm.

FIGURE 2 in A new giant anole (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southwestern Ecuador

FIGURE 2. Preserved holotype of Anolis nemonteae sp. nov. (QCAZ 14595) in dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views, with close-ups of dewlap (D), pelvic region (E), and right foot (F). Photographs by M. Masache. Scale bars = 10 mm (A, B, C) and 5 mm (D, E, F).

FIGURE 1 in A new giant anole (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southwestern Ecuador

FIGURE 1. Head of the preserved holotype (QCAZ 14595) of Anolis nemonteae sp. nov. in dorsal (top), lateral (middle), and ventral (bottom) views. Photographs by M. Masache. Scale bar = 10 mm.

FIGURE 8 in A new giant anole (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southwestern Ecuador

FIGURE 8. Entrance to Buenaventura Reserve, type locality of Anolis nemonteae sp. nov., showing its general habitat. Photograph by AEN.

FIGURE 10 in A new giant anole (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southwestern Ecuador

FIGURE 10. Reflectance of the gular sac in males and females of Anolis nemonteae sp. nov. and A. fraseri. Measured regions are gular sac base 'DB', center 'DM', and edge 'DE', as well as regions close to the head 'DH' and the abdomen 'DA'. Photo- graphs by AEN (male and female of A. nemonteae sp. nov.), D. Quirola (female of A. fraseri) and FAV (male of A. fraseri).

FIGURE 7 in A new giant anole (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southwestern Ecuador

FIGURE 7. Distribution of Anolis nemonteae sp. nov. (red circles) and A. fraseri (blue circles) in Ecuador. The approximate location of the Jubones river basin is marked with a red ellipse.

FIGURE 5 in A new giant anole (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southwestern Ecuador

FIGURE 5. Dewlaps of males and females in five species of the Megaloa clade from Ecuador. Anolis nemonteae sp. nov. adult male (QCAZ 14596, A) and adult female (QCAZ 14595, B); A. fraseri adult male (QCAZ 6862, C) and adult female (QCAZ 11864, D); A. parilis adult male (QCAZ 15047, E) and adult female (QCAZ 15052, F); A. purpurescens adult male (QCAZ 4734, G) and adult female (QCAZ 10557, H); A. princeps adult male (QCAZ 16895, I) and adult female (QCAZ 6892, J). Photographs by AEN (A, B), FAV (C, J), D. Quirola (D, E, F), OTC (G, H), and D. Núñez (I).

FIGURE 7 in A story of nasal horns: two new subspecies of Iguana Laurenti, 1768 (Squamata, Iguanidae) in Saint Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, and Grenada (southern Lesser Antilles)

FIGURE 7. Holotype and paratype of Iguana iguana sanctaluciae. The holotype MNHN2362 (A, C, D, E) and the paratype MNHN1996.8276 (B) Both specimens collected by Bonnecour(t) in 1850-51 in Saint Lucia. Note the nasals (median and lateral horns), the small subtympanic plate, the low number of small nuchal tubercles, the 7 gular spikes, the prominent oval nostril, the banded body.

FIGURE 14 in A story of nasal horns: two new subspecies of Iguana Laurenti, 1768 (Squamata, Iguanidae) in Saint Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, and Grenada (southern Lesser Antilles)

FIGURE 14. Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA) of the genotypes of samples from four populations. Black squares: individuals introduced in Saint Lucia (Iguana rhinolopha) [n=8] circles: individuals endemic to Saint Lucia (Iguana iguana sanctaluciae), with white circles for individuals from Louvet (n=13) and hatched circles for individuals from Grand Anse (n=4); white triangles: individuals endemic to Grenadines (Iguana iguana insularis), [n=4]; and grey stars: individuals from French Guiana (Iguana iguana iguana) [n=7]. Only 7 circles are shown for the 17 'native' individuals from Saint Lucia because many individuals from Louvet and one from Grand Anse had the same genotypes.

FIGURE 4 in A story of nasal horns: two new subspecies of Iguana Laurenti, 1768 (Squamata, Iguanidae) in Saint Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, and Grenada (southern Lesser Antilles)

FIGURE 4. Examples of adult male Iguana iguana insularis ssp. nov. A. Adult male (Palm island) sequenced under the number IGU75 (SVL 41 cm); B and C, adult male (Palm Island) sequenced under the number IGU77 (SVL 45 cm) (Palm Island). Annotations: 1. Small size of subtympanic plate ± 10-20% of the eardrum. 2. Two or three scales of decreasing size anterior to subtympanic plate. 3. Juxtaposed elongated sublabial scales. 4. No apparent swelling of the jowls in breeding males. 5. Median and lateral horns on the snout. 6. Horns with enlarged bases. 7. Oval and prominent nostrils. 8. Brown eyes with visible white. 9. Flat and triangular gular spikes. 10. Seven or eight gular spikes. 11. Scattered nuchal tubercles. 12. Low number of nuchal tubercles. 13. Small size of nuchal tubercles. 14. Orange in dorsal scales in breeding animals. 15. Creamy white dewlap of medium size. 16. Creamy white body with faint to no black banding in old individuals.

FIGURE 2 in A story of nasal horns: two new subspecies of Iguana Laurenti, 1768 (Squamata, Iguanidae) in Saint Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, and Grenada (southern Lesser Antilles)

FIGURE 2. Distribution of the three iguana groups identified by Lazell (1973). Based on a clinal variation of their morphology, Lazell (1973) identified at the beginning of the Sixties 3 groups of the Common Iguana Iguana iguana that he thought to be native in Lesser Antilles. At that time, the central group was known to be present only in Guadeloupe (Les Saintes, Basse-Terre and Grande-Terre). This group is not native and is the descent of invasive common iguanas from French Guiana (Breuil 2016; Vuillaume et al. 2015). Now, however, alien iguanas from Central and South America are present throughout most of this region (van den Burg et al. 2018) except Saint Christopher and Nevis, Petite Terre and some satellites of Saint Barthélemy, Anguilla, and Martinique.

publicNov 2025View details →

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Mexican black spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura pectinata (squamata:iguanidae): Female reproductive traits and hatchling phenotypic variability in a harvested population

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Deep-time reticulation and ancient mitochondrial genome capture during the radiation of Jamaican Anolis lizards (Squamata; Iguanidae)

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publicMar 2022View details →

Figure 9 from: Breuil M, Schikorski D, Vuillaume B, Krauss U, Morton MN, Corry E, Bech N, Jelić M, Grandjean F (2020) Painted black: Iguana melanoderma (Reptilia, Squamata, Iguanidae) a new melanistic endemic species from Saba and Montserrat islands (Lesser Antilles). ZooKeys 926: 95-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.926.48679

Figure 9 A Old adult from Montserrat B old adult from Saba. In these old individuals the carpet pattern is absent. The head is almost entirely black, except for the top and the snout. The dewlap, neck, dorsal spikes, and forelimb are black. Dorsal and lateral coloring is more variable, ranging from entirely black to a mosaic of black, brown, and dark green scales.

Figure 8 from: Breuil M, Schikorski D, Vuillaume B, Krauss U, Morton MN, Corry E, Bech N, Jelić M, Grandjean F (2020) Painted black: Iguana melanoderma (Reptilia, Squamata, Iguanidae) a new melanistic endemic species from Saba and Montserrat islands (Lesser Antilles). ZooKeys 926: 95-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.926.48679

Figure 8 The dorsal carpet pattern of young adults Iguana melanoderma. A Montserrat B Saba. The dorsal coloration is formed by darker more or less interrupted dorso-ventral bands (brown, dark grey) on a lighter ground. This pattern disappears in old individuals. The black patch between the eye and the tympanum is already visible.

Figure 7 from: Breuil M, Schikorski D, Vuillaume B, Krauss U, Morton MN, Corry E, Bech N, Jelić M, Grandjean F (2020) Painted black: Iguana melanoderma (Reptilia, Squamata, Iguanidae) a new melanistic endemic species from Saba and Montserrat islands (Lesser Antilles). ZooKeys 926: 95-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.926.48679

Figure 7 Comparison of morphological features of the head. A Young adult male. 1. Subtympanic plate with pink in the center. 2. Lower sublabial scales arranged in pairs of nearly identical size. 3. Black anterior edge of the lower sublabial scales. 4. Black border around the subtympanic plate. 5. Prominent nostrils. 6. Black spot between the eye and the tympanum. 7. Absence of horn and light snout. 8. Dark brown eye. 9. Triangular gular spikes. 10. Fewer than 10 gular spikes extended in the upper part of the lower dewlap. 11. High number of aligned nape tubercles. 12. Prominent light-grey tubercles. 13. Light greyish-green coloration on the neck. 14. High light-grey dorsal spines. 15. Dewlap half black. 16. Dorsal part of the limb with light-green scales becoming black with the extension of melanin from the anterior edge to the posterior edge of the scales. B Old male of Iguana melanoderma (Saba). 1. Large all-black subtympanic plate. 2. Extension of the black pigment on the sublabial scales. 3. Black coloration of the labial and upper sublabial scales. 4. Black coloration between the tympanum and the subtympanic plate. 6. Extension of the black spot around the eye and on the posterior labial and sublabial scales.7. Snout turning dark grey. 9, 10. Gular spikes turning dark grey with extension of black patches. 12. Dark grey nape tubercles. 13. Black coloration on the neck. 14. Dorsal spikes turning black. 15. Dewlap completely black. 16. Black upper face of the limb.

Figure 1 from: Breuil M, Schikorski D, Vuillaume B, Krauss U, Morton MN, Corry E, Bech N, Jelić M, Grandjean F (2020) Painted black: Iguana melanoderma (Reptilia, Squamata, Iguanidae) a new melanistic endemic species from Saba and Montserrat islands (Lesser Antilles). ZooKeys 926: 95-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.926.48679

Figure 1 Geographical distribution of the three iguana groups identified by Lazell (1973) in the 1960s and new taxonomic proposition. In the 1960s, the invasive iguanas from South America (Iguana iguana) were only present in the îles des Saintes and Guadeloupe (Basse-Terre) and formed the Central Group. Now, alien iguanas are present and breed on every bank (van den Burg et al. 2018b). The southern group is now considered to support two subspecies Iguana iguana insularis and Iguana iguana sanctaluciae (Breuil et al. 2019). The northern group is considered here as a new species.

Figure 3 from: Breuil M, Schikorski D, Vuillaume B, Krauss U, Morton MN, Corry E, Bech N, Jelić M, Grandjean F (2020) Painted black: Iguana melanoderma (Reptilia, Squamata, Iguanidae) a new melanistic endemic species from Saba and Montserrat islands (Lesser Antilles). ZooKeys 926: 95-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.926.48679

Figure 3 The Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree of the ND4 sequences of iguanas. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered is shown next to the branches, as bootstrap support (BS ≥ 70) for ML and Maximum Parsimony (MP) topologies respectively. Sequences amplified by the authors of this study were indicated by colored diamond-shaped marks. Marks are colored based on the sampling sites. Sequences from published studies were labelled by their NCBI GenBank access numbers (Fig. 4). The names of the taxa are classified according to the conclusions of this work. Roman numerals refer to clades identified by Stephen et al. (2013).