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89 results for “Kelp Forest”
eDNA captures depth partitioning in a kelp forest ecosystem
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Kelp forests at the end of the earth: 45 years later
<p>The kelp forests of southern South America are some of the least disturbed on the planet. The remoteness of this region has, until recently, spared it from many of the direct anthropogenic stressors that have negatively affected these ecosystems elsewhere. <a name="_Hlk28090816">Re-surveys of 11 locations at the easternmost extent of Tierra del Fuego originally conducted in 1973 showed no significant differences in the densities of adult and juvenile <i>Macrocystis</i> <i>pyrifera</i> kelp or kelp holdfast diameter between the two survey periods. </a>Additionally, sea urchin assemblage structure at the same sites were not significantly different between the two time periods, with the dominant species <i>Loxechinus albus</i> accounting for 66.3% of total sea urchin abundance in 2018 and 61.1% in 1973. Time series of Landsat imagery of the region from 1998 to 2018 showed no long-term trends in kelp canopy over the past 20 years. However, ~ 4-year oscillations in canopy fraction were observed and were strongly and negatively correlated with the NOAA Multivariate ENSO index and sea surface temperature. More extensive surveying in 2018 showed significant differences in benthic community structure between exposed and sheltered locations. Fish species endemic to the Magellanic Province accounted for 73% of all nearshore species observed and from 98-100% of the numerical abundance enumerated at sites. Fish assemblage structure varied significantly among locations and wave exposures. The recent creation of the Yaganes Marine Park is an important step in protecting this unique and biologically rich region; however, the nearshore waters of the region are currently not included in this protection. There is a general lack of information on changes in kelp forests over long time periods, making a global assessment difficult. A complete picture of how these ecosystems are responding to human pressures must also include remote locations and locations with little to no impact.</p>
Beagle kelp maps from: One of the least disturbed marine coastal ecosystems on Earth: Spatial and temporal persistence of Darwin's sub-Antarctic giant kelp forests
<p>Aim: Marine habitats and their dynamics are difficult to systematically monitor, particularly those in remote locations. This is the case with the sub-Antarctic ecosystem of the giant kelp <i>Macrocystis pyrifera</i>, which was already noted by Charles Darwin in his accounts on the <i>Voyage of the Beagle</i> and recorded on the nautical charts made during that expedition. We combined these and other nautical charts from the 19th and early 20th centuries with surveys conducted in the 1970s and 1980s and satellite detection algorithms from 1984 to 2019, to analyse kelp distribution through time and the factors that correlate with it.</p> <p>Location: Marine ecoregions of Channels and Fjords of Southern Chile, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), and the island of South Georgia.</p> <p>Taxon: <i>Macrocystis pyrifera</i>.</p> <p>Methods: We characterised 309 giant kelp forests by their coastal geospatial attributes. Statistically significant variables were included in a conditional inference tree to predict kelp forest size. Sea surface temperature (SST) records were analysed to confirm temperature ranges over the last four decades. Nautical charts, historical surveys, aerial photogrammetry, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys and satellite imagery were overlaid to assess spatial distribution of kelp forest canopies, spanning the period 1829–2020.</p> <p>Results: Considering the extensive natural and human caused changes over the last two centuries, this diverse kelp ecosystem is remarkably persistent. We found that the ocean currents and wave exposure, combined with the geomorphological settings of the coastline are the most critical factors predicting the extent of the kelp forests.</p> <p>Main conclusions: We have described the long-term ecological persistence of the kelp forests in this vastly under-studied region that offers a conceptual biogeographical model supporting the global importance proposed by Charles Darwin 200 years ago (Darwin, 1845). In the current context of global change, the need for conservation of this persistent and well-preserved marine ecosystem has never been more important.</p>
Coupled changes in pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen impact the physiology and ecology of herbivorous kelp forest grazers
<p>Understanding species' responses to upwelling may be especially important in light of ongoing environmental change. Upwelling frequency and intensity are expected to increase in the future, while ocean acidification and deoxygenation are expected to decrease the pH and dissolved oxygen of upwelled waters. However, the acute effects of a single upwelling event and the integrated effects of multiple upwelling events on marine organisms are poorly understood. Here, we use <em>in situ </em>measurements of pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen to characterize the covariance of environmental conditions within upwelling-dominated kelp forest ecosystems. We then test the effects of acute (0-3 days) and chronic (1-3 month) upwelling on the performance of two species of kelp forest grazers, the echinoderm, <em>Mesocentrotus franciscanus, </em>and the gastropod, <em>Promartynia pulligo</em>. We exposed organisms to static conditions in a regression design to determine the shape of the relationship between upwelling and performance and provide insights into the potential effects in a variable environment. We found that respiration, grazing, growth, and net calcification decline linearly with increasing upwelling intensity for <em>M. francicanus </em>over both acute and chronic timescales. <em>Promartynia pulligo </em>exhibited decreased respiration, grazing, and net calcification with increased upwelling intensity after chronic exposure, but we did not detect an effect over acute timescales or on growth after chronic exposure. Given the highly correlated nature of pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in the California Current, our results suggest the relationship between upwelling intensity and growth in the 3-month trial could potentially be used to estimate growth integrated over long-term dynamic oceanographic conditions for <em>M. franciscanus</em>. Together, these results indicate current exposure to upwelling may reduce species performance and predicted future increases in upwelling frequency and intensity could affect ecosystem function by modifying the ecological roles of key species.</p>
Kelp forests at the end of the earth: 45 years later
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Coupled changes in pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen impact the physiology and ecology of herbivorous kelp forest grazers
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Beagle kelp maps from: One of the least disturbed marine coastal ecosystems on Earth: Spatial and temporal persistence of Darwin’s sub-Antarctic giant kelp forests
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Data from: Genotype-environment mismatch of kelp forests under climate change
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Kelp forest biomass, species composition and depth distribution survey at Hansneset in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard
<p>Macroalgal surveys were performed at Hansneset, Blomstrand in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, from the infralittoral fringe down to 15 m depth in June – August 2021. This dataset is part of a time series currently spanning over 25 years and complements the studies conducted in 1996/98 (Hop et al., 2012) and 2012-14 (Bartsch et al., 2016). The aim was to document changes in Arctic kelp forest dynamics in an Arctic fjord system influenced by glacial melt by repeatedly sampling the same site in a standardized manner. As ocean temperatures in the Arctic have risen substantially and underwater light climate continuously deteriorated over this time period, alterations were observed in the seaweed community, especially kelps as major coastal foundation species. This Zenodo upload contains all datasets supporting the findings of the manuscript Düsedau et al. (2023) "Arctic kelp forest decline - a consequence of melting glaciers?".</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.