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Fig. 9. Euphoriomyces spp. A–C. E in Laboulbeniomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota) of Denmark

Fig. 9. Euphoriomyces spp. A–C. E. gillerforsii (Huggert) I.I.Tav. A–B. Paired mature thalli, with unicellular secondary appendage labelled in B (sa). C. Detail of perithecial apex with labelled extra cell w 4. – D–E. E. huggertii T.Majewski. D. Mature thallus with labelled primary appendage (pa). E. Paired mature thalli. – F–G. E. liodivorus (Huggert) I.I.Tav. Mature thalli. Scale bars: A–C = 20 µm; D–G = 50 µm. Photographs from slides ZMUC C-F-124079 (A–C), ZMUC C-F-123294 (D–E), ZMUC C-F-124158 (F), and ZMUC C-F-124138 (G).

Fig. 25. Laboulbenia spp. A–B. L in Laboulbeniomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota) of Denmark

Fig. 25. Laboulbenia spp. A–B. L. argutoris Cépède & F.Picard. A. Mature thallus. B. Inner appendage in detail. – C–D. L. aubryi Balazuc. C. Inner appendage and area around insertion cell in detail. D. Mature thallus. Scale bars: 50 µm. Photographs from slides ZMUC C-F-122696 (A), ZMUC C-F-123050 (B), ZMUC C-F-122592 (C–D).

Fig. 2. A–C. Helodiomyces elegans F.Picard. A in Laboulbeniomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota) of Denmark

Fig. 2. A–C. Helodiomyces elegans F.Picard. A. Mature thallus with labelling of cells VI, VI' and VII. B–C. Details of perithecium, including ligules (li) in C. – D. Autoicomyces aquatilis (F.Picard) I.I.Tav.; mature thallus showing the perithecial outgrowth (arrow). – E. Autoicomyces humilis (Thaxt.) Thaxt.; mature thallus at the base of a host claw, and a sporeling on the right. – F–H. Ceratomyces pyrenaeus Santam.; mature thalli showing labelled perithecial excrescences (arrows in G). Scale bars: 50 µm. Photographs from slides ZMUC C-F-122583 (A–C), ZMUC C-F-122567 (D), ZMUC C-F-122566 (E), ZMUC C-F-123551 (F), and ZMUC C-F-123550 (G–H).

Fig. 5. Compsomyces spp. A–B. C. lestevae Thaxt. A in Laboulbeniomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota) of Denmark

Fig. 5. Compsomyces spp. A–B. C. lestevae Thaxt. A. Mature thallus showing antheridium (an) and perithecial wall cells (arrows). B. Immature thallus showing antheridium (an). – C–E. C. verticillatus (Thaxt.) Thaxt. C–D. Mature thalli. E. Detail of perithecium labelling eight wall cells (arrows). Scale bars: A–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm. Photographs from slides ZMUC C-F-122939 (A–B), and ZMUC C-F-124184 (C–E).

Fig. 20. Chitonomyces spp. A–B. C in Laboulbeniomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota) of Denmark

Fig. 20. Chitonomyces spp. A–B. C. aculeifer Speg. Mature thalli with labelling of cells and other parts of the thallus, i.e., cells I, Ia, II, IIa, III, IIIa, VI, antheridium (an), primary appendage (pa) and perithecial outgrowth (arrow). A. From Graptodytes. B. From Haliplus. – C –D. C. bidessarius (Thaxt.) Thaxt. Mature thalli with labelling of cells of the thallus, i.e., cells I, Ia, II, IIa, III, and IIIa. – E–F. C. elongatus Speg. E. Thallus from a female host. F. Thallus from a male host. – G. C. ensifer Speg. Mature thallus showing prominent cell VI and perithecial outgrowth (arrow). Scale bars: 50 µm. Photographs from slides ZMUC C-F-123553 (A), ZMUC C-F-124083 (B), ZMUC C-F-122816 (C–D), ZMUC C-F-124060 (E), ZMUC C-F-124061 (F), ZMUC C-F-123670 (G).

Fig. 12. Siemaszkoa spp. A–E. S in Laboulbeniomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota) of Denmark

Fig. 12. Siemaszkoa spp. A–E. S. fennica Huldén. A–B. Mature thalli. C. Unusual thallus with two perithecia. D. Detail of a mature thallus showing antheridia (arrows). E. Short thallus from legs. – F–I. S. flexa (T.Majewski) I.I.Tav. & T.Majewski. F–G. Mature thalli. H. Detail of foot. I. Detail of an immature thallus showing antheridia (arrows). Scale bars: A–C, E–G = 50 µm; D, H–I = 20 µm. Photographs from slides ZMUC C-F-122949 (A), ZMUC C-F-123248 (B), ZMUC C-F-123466 (C), ZMUC C-F-123309 (D), ZMUC C-F-123582 (E), ZMUC C-F-123632 (F–G), ZMUC C-F-123583 (H–I).

Fig. 16. Microsomyces psammoechi Thaxt. A in Laboulbeniomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota) of Denmark

Fig. 16. Microsomyces psammoechi Thaxt. A. General habitus with several thalli corticating on host integument. B. Three sporelings with labelled receptacle cells (I, II, and III), the primary septum (a), and a primary antheridium (an). C. Ascospore. D. Young thallus showing cell I, one corticated cell (cc), and the primary antheridium (an) with spinose remaining of ascospore apex (sx). E–F. Haustoria penetrating the host body (arrows). Scale bars: A, D–F = 50 µm; B = 20 µm; C = 25 µm. Photographs from slides ZMUC C-F-124046 (A, C–F), ZMUC C-F-123679 (B).

Fig. 4. A–D. Euzodiomyces lathrobii Thaxt. A–B. Reduced forms. C. Typical form. D in Laboulbeniomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota) of Denmark

Fig. 4. A–D. Euzodiomyces lathrobii Thaxt. A–B. Reduced forms. C. Typical form. D. Labelling of a secondary axis, with antheridia (an) and perithecial initial with cell VII. – E. Zodiomyces vorticellarius Thaxt.; with labelled cell I and buffer projections (bf). – F. Coreomyces arcuatus Thaxt.; mature thallus. – G. Coreomyces corixae Thaxt.; mature thallus showing the appendiculate cells (ac). – H. Coreomyces macropus Thaxt.; mature thallus. Scale bars: A–C, E–H = 50 µm; D = 25 µm. Photographs from slides ZMUC C-F-123138 (A–B), ZMUC C-F-124066 (C), ZMUC C-F-122479 (D), ZMUC C-F-122570 (E), ZMUC C-F-124285 (F), ZMUC C-F-123723 (G), and ZMUC C-F-123722 (H).

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Fig. 93 in Laboulbeniomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota) of Denmark

Fig. 93. Number of species of Laboulbeniomycetes in UTM 10×10 km squares.

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Fig. 94 in Laboulbeniomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota) of Denmark

Fig. 94. Number of localities with sampled Laboulbeniomycetes for UTM 10×10 km squares.

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Figure 2 from: Santamaria S, Enghoff H, Reboleira AS (2020) The first Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniomycetes) from an American millipede, discovered through social media. MycoKeys 67: 45-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.67.51811

Figure 2 Troglomyces twitteri Santam., Enghoff & Reboleira, sp. nov. A–D mature thalli with labelling of cells and other elements in B, C E, F detail of perithecium at two focusing levels to show the slightly longer lip (E, arrow), and tooth-like outgrowth (F, arrow). In Fig. F, cell VI is labelled G detail of an immature thallus showing the trichogyne (tr) and the antheridium (an). Scale bars: 50 µm (A–D), 25 µm (E–G). Photographs from: slides GA003-1 (A, D), GA003-2 (E–G), and C-F-95157 (B, C).

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Figure 1 from: Santamaria S, Enghoff H, Reboleira AS (2020) The first Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniomycetes) from an American millipede, discovered through social media. MycoKeys 67: 45-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.67.51811

Figure 1 Cambala annulata, male. USA, Ohio, Adams County, West Union, Greene Township, Edge of Appalachia Preserve System, Abner Hollow Rd., on Bisher Dolostone Cliffs, 38.7139N, 83.4187W, 26 Jun 2014; M. Zloba leg. Original of image shared on Twitter on 31 Oct 2018 by Derek Hennen. Courtesy of D. Hennen. The red circles indicate two thalli of Laboulbeniales.

Figure 2 from: Haelewaters D, De Kesel A (2020) Checklist of thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes from Belgium and the Netherlands, including Hesperomyces halyziae and Laboulbenia quarantenae spp. nov. MycoKeys 71: 23-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421

Figure 2 Maximum clade creditability tree of Laboulbenia isolates reconstructed from an LSU dataset, with L. bruchii as outgroup. The topology is the result of Bayesian inference performed with BEAST. For each node, ML BS (≥ 65) and Bayesian pp (≥ 0.7) are presented above/below the branch leading to that node. Isolates are color-coded by host; L. quarantenae sp. nov. is highlighted with gray shading.

Figure 1 from: Haelewaters D, De Kesel A (2020) Checklist of thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes from Belgium and the Netherlands, including Hesperomyces halyziae and Laboulbenia quarantenae spp. nov. MycoKeys 71: 23-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421

Figure 1 Maximum clade creditability tree of Hesperomyces isolates reconstructed from an ITS dataset, with H. coleomegillae as outgroup. The topology is the result of Bayesian inference performed with BEAST. For each node, ML BS (≥ 65) and Bayesian pp (≥ 0.7) are presented above/below the branch leading to that node. Hesperomyces virescens sensu lato is highlighted with light gray shading, isolates are color-coded by host; H. virescens sensu stricto and H. halyziae sp. nov. are highlighted with dark gray shading.

Figure 3 from: Haelewaters D, De Kesel A (2020) Checklist of thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes from Belgium and the Netherlands, including Hesperomyces halyziae and Laboulbenia quarantenae spp. nov. MycoKeys 71: 23-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421

Figure 3 Hesperomyces halyziae Haelew. & De Kesel from Halyzia sedecimguttataA mature thallus from slide D. Haelew. 955a, holotype B mature thallus from slide BR5020212156406V. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Figure 4 from: Haelewaters D, De Kesel A (2020) Checklist of thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes from Belgium and the Netherlands, including Hesperomyces halyziae and Laboulbenia quarantenae spp. nov. MycoKeys 71: 23-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421

Figure 4 A–ILaboulbenia quarantena De Kesel & Haelew. from Bembidion biguttatum, specimen ADK6448: A mature thallus from prothorax, slide BR5020212163329V, holotype B mature thallus from prothorax with less pigmented perithecium C mature thallus from the right mesofemur D–F mature thalli from the right protibia G immature thallus from the prothorax H mature thallus from the right mesofemur I ascospores J–K laboulbenia vulgaris Peyr: J mature thallus from prothorax of Bembidion tetracolum, specimen ADK5557 K mature thallus from mesothorax of Ocys harpaloides, specimen ADK6353. One of the diagnostic characteristics of the new species–the positioning of the insertion cell–is shown in a mature thallus of L. quarantenae (E) and one of L. vulgaris (J). Scale bar: 100 µm.

Fig. 107 in Laboulbeniomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota) of Denmark

Fig. 107. Habitus of hosts with fungi. Some thalli are zoomed in, and others are encircled. A. Carpelimus corticinus with thalli of Cantharomyces orientalis on various parts of the body. B. Oxypoda elongatula with thalli of Monoicomyces crassicaulis on the ventral side of the last abdominal segment. Scale bars: 1 mm. (Photos: Aslak Kappel Hansen).

Fig. 100 in Laboulbeniomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota) of Denmark

Fig. 100 (next page). A. "Nordbredden af Skarresø" is a sun-exposed grazed meadow and the type locality of Euphoriomyces smicri (on Smicrus filicornis), which was sifted from the semi-dry, mouldy and rotten straw that can be seen on the upper left corner of the picture, together with Rhachomyces philonthinus (on Philonthus varians), Laboulbenia flagellata (on Agonum muelleri, Oxypselaphus obscurus, and Pterostichus vernalis), L. vulgaris (on Bembidion biguttatum), and Peyritschiella oxyteli (on Anotylus rugosus). JP is seen here (to the right) in good company. (Photograph: Andrea Schomann). B. In this glorious pile of horse manure close to the small village Skaerød JP found Peyritschiella hybrida (on Philonthus discoideus) which so far is the only one known Danish locality for this species. Also, Siemaszkoa fennica (on Ptenidium pusillum), Ecteinomyces trichopterophilus (on Acrotrichis grandicollis), and Dioicomyces anthici (on Omonadus formicarius) were sifted from the same fermenting warm and mouldy horse dung heap. (Photograph: Andrea Schomann). C. The small island of Sprogø between Zealand and Funen surprisingly housed an unknown species of laboulbeniales and thus became the type locality of Monoicomyces validus Santam. sp. nov. (on Atheta vestita). It was sifted from rotten seaweed on the stony seashore together with Laboulbenia giardii (on Dicheirotrichus gustavii), L. littoralis (on Cafius xantholoma) and L. pedicellata (on Bembidion normannum). Under stones on sandy ground in the intertidal zone Laboulbenia lichtensteinii (on Cillenus lateralis) was found. (Photograph: Andrea Schomann). D. "Sønderstrand på Rømø" is often exposed to major floods several times a year, and by sifting semi-fresh flood debris in this dune area Laboulbenia argutoris (on Pterostichus diligens), L. eubradycelli (on Bradycellus harpalinus), L. flagellata (on Agonum marginatum), L. lichtensteinii (on Cillenus lateralis), L. vulgaris (on Bembidion assimile), and Haplomyces texanus (on Bledius diota) were found. (Photograph: Andrea Schomann). E. Tofte Skov is one of the few localities in Denmark where there is almost untouched nature with many different habitats. As can be seen here in the picture (taken at "Bøgebakken" in Tofte Skov) nature is allowed to unfold completely on its own terms. By sifting bark and fungi from old beech trees Siemaszkoa ramificans (on Ptenidium turgidum) and Stichomyces conosomatis (on Sepedophilus testaceus) were collected, and by sifting leaf litter and moss in the forest floor or using pitfall traps Rhachomyces furcatus (on Othius subuliformis), Laboulbenia eubradycelli (on Bradycellus harpalinus and B. csikii), L. flagellata (on Platynus assimilis and Agonum fuliginosum), L. notiophili (on Notiophilus biguttatus, N. germinyi and N. palustris), and Corethromyces stilici Thaxt. (on Rugilus rufipes) were found. Most notable was the finding of Monoicomyces drusillae (on Drusilla canaliculata) in a pitfall trap. So far it is the only known locality in Denmark for this species. (Photograph: Andrea Schomann). F. In the light-open untouched forest swamps in Tofte Skov, such as here in "Engskoven", Rhachomyces canariensis and Laboulbenia vulgaris (on Epaphius secalis and Trechus obtusus) can be found by sifting moist leaf litter and moss. In the open water surfaces Helodiomyces elegans (on Dryops auriculatus) can be found. (Photograph: Andrea Schomann).

Fig. 86. Monoicomyces homalotae Thaxt. A–B. Mature thalli. C–E in Laboulbeniomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota) of Denmark

Fig. 86. Monoicomyces homalotae Thaxt. A–B. Mature thalli. C–E. Respectively, near, middle and far focus of antheridium in detail. In D, the middle focus, phialides and spermatia can be seen. F. Trichogyne in detail. G–H. Lower receptacle (I, II, and III) and base of primary appendage in detail; the primary septum (a) is labelled in G. I–J. Perithecial base in two focusing levels to see basal cells (m, n, n'), secondary stalk cell (VII), and stalk cell (VI). Scale bars: A–B, G–H = 50 µm; C–F, I–J = 20 µm. Photographs from slides ZMUC C-F-123255 (A), ZMUC C-F-122687 (B), ZMUC C-F-123046 (C–E), ZMUC C-F-123757 (F), ZMUC C-F-123020 (G), ZMUC C-F-123492 (H), ZMUC C-F-123793 (I–J).

Fig. 87. Monoicomyces invisibilis Thaxt. A. Mature thallus from Platystethus arenarius showing cells I, II in Laboulbeniomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota) of Denmark

Fig. 87. Monoicomyces invisibilis Thaxt. A. Mature thallus from Platystethus arenarius showing cells I, II (subdivided into three cells), III, VI, and primary septum (a). B–C. Mature thalli from Oxytelus fulvipes. D, F. Mature thalli from Anotylus sculpturatus. E, G. Mature thalli from Anotylus inustus. Scale bars: 50 µm. Photographs from slides ZMUC C-F-123613 (A), ZMUC C-F-122951 (B), ZMUC C-F-123161 (C), ZMUC C-F-123406 (D), ZMUC C-F-122676 (E), ZMUC C-F-123003 (F), ZMUC C-F-123177 (G).