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Figure 7 in The rarity of gastroliths in sauropod dinosaurs - a case study in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, western USA

Figure 7. Plan-view map of the SI Quarry showing a scavenged juvenile Camarasaurus with vertebrate tracks, abundant theropod teeth, and gastroliths. Redrawn and modified from Jennings and Hasiotis (2006).

Figure 4. Carbonized material with a in The rarity of gastroliths in sauropod dinosaurs - a case study in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, western USA

Figure 4. Carbonized material with a single gastrolith from Howe Quarry. The presence of plant matter surrounding the clast is interpreted as evidence of former stomach contents. This is specimen number D18-15 in the Sauriermuseum Aathal.

Figure 3 in The rarity of gastroliths in sauropod dinosaurs - a case study in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, western USA

Figure 3. Section of R. T. Bird's Howe Quarry map showing the Barosaurus bones (yellow; A – pubis; B – abdominal rib?) as well as the gastroliths seen in the photograph in Fig. 2. The bones of the Barosaurus individual were partially articulated. Redrawn and modified from Rice and Bierwert (1935) and Michelis (2003).

Figure 6 in The rarity of gastroliths in sauropod dinosaurs - a case study in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, western USA

Figure 6. Distribution of bones and stones at the Diplodocus "Seismosaurus" longus locality (a) and cross section of the quarry (b). Note that bone-bearing blocks occurred below the first pebble lag and that there are two concentrations of gastroliths. A defined cluster was found in the pelvic area, whereas the majority of the stones were dispersed in the area north of the bone material. Redrawn and modified from Lucas (2000), and including information from Gillette (1994) (in a) and Schwartz and Manley (1992) (in b).

Figure 1 in The rarity of gastroliths in sauropod dinosaurs - a case study in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, western USA

Figure 1. Studied dinosaur localities in the western USA. The surrounding line represents the extension of the Morrison Formation. Abbreviations: BCQ – Bone Cabin Quarry; CLDQ – Cleveland- Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry; DMDQ – Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry; DNM (CQ) – Dinosaur National Monument (Carnegie Quarry); Howe Q and HSQ – Howe Quarry and Howe Stephens Quarry; SIQ – "Something Interesting Quarry" (Camarasaurus). The red bones represent sites where gastroliths have been found in association with bones. Redrawn and modified from Dodson et al. (1980b).

Figure 2 in The rarity of gastroliths in sauropod dinosaurs - a case study in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, western USA

Figure 2. Photograph of gastroliths found at Howe Quarry. Next to a Barosaurus pubis (a) and an elongated bone (b), probably an abdominal rib, the cluster of 64 stones is visible. Modified from Bird (1985).

Fig. 4 in New cleroid beetles from the Middle-Late Jurassic of China

Fig. 4. Melyrid beetle Sinomelyris praedecessor gen. et sp. nov. (A), cleroid beetle Juraniscus majeri gen. et sp. nov. (B) from the Middle Jurassic, Haifanggou Formation of Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China, and extant mauroniscid beetle Mauroniscus titschacki Pic, 1954 (C) from Cuzco, Peru. A. NIGP168477; reconstruction of body shape (A1), mesotarsus laterally (A2). B. NIGP168479; reconstruction of body shape (B1), assumed apex of aedeagus dorsally (B2). C. MMBC-SC, dorsal habitus.

Fig. 1 in New cleroid beetles from the Middle-Late Jurassic of China

Fig. 1. Melyrid beetle Sinomelyris praedecessor gen. et sp. nov. from the Middle Jurassic Haifanggou Formation of Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China. A. Paratype, NIGP168477; dorsal habitus (A1), pronotum and head dorsally (A2), detail of front and middle legs (A3), right elytron and hind leg dorsally (A4). B. Holotype, NIGP168476; abdominal apex dorsally (B1), dorsal habitus (B2), pronotum and head dorsally (B3), detail of front, middle and hind legs (B4). Abbreviations: f1–3, femora of 1st to 3rd pair of legs; t1–2, tarsi of 1st to 2nd pair of legs.

Fig. 3. Extant melyrid beetles Melyris abdominalis Fabricius, 1787 in New cleroid beetles from the Middle-Late Jurassic of China

Fig. 3. Extant melyrid beetles Melyris abdominalis Fabricius, 1787 from Senegal and Falsomelyris granulatus Fabricius, 1792 (A) and from Hammoum, Algeria (B). A. MMBC-SC; base of elytra, pronotum, and head dorsally (A1), outline of pronotum (A2). B. MMBC-SC; detail of sculpture of head (B1), dorsal habitus (B2).

Fig. 2 in New cleroid beetles from the Middle-Late Jurassic of China

Fig. 2. Melyrid beetle Sinomelyris praedecessor gen. et sp. nov. (A) and cleroid beetle Juraniscus majeri gen. et sp. nov. (B) from the Middle Jurassic Haifanggou Formation of Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China. A. Paratype, NIGP168478; head (A1), dorsal habitus (A2). B. Holotype, NIGP168479; mouth parts dorsally (B1), metatarsus dorsally (B2), dorsal habitus (B3), antenna dorsally (B4). Abbreviations: f1, front femur; l, labrum; m, mandible; p, terminal palpomere of maxillary palp.

FIGURE 7 in Re-assessment of the Late Jurassic eusauropod dinosaur Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997, from the Turpan Basin, China, and the evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia in sauropods

FIGURE 7. Right humerus of Rhomaleopakhus turpanensis gen. et sp. nov. (IVPP V11121-1; holotype). A, anterior view; B, lateral view. Abbreviations: dpc, deltopectoral crest; l.adp, lateral anterodistal process; m.adp, medial anterodistal process; mt, medial tuber. Note that it was not possible to remove the humerus from its cradle at the time these photographs were taken, so obtaining images of the posterior and medial surfaces was not possible. Scale bar equals 200 mm.

FIGURE 11 in Re-assessment of the Late Jurassic eusauropod dinosaur Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997, from the Turpan Basin, China, and the evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia in sauropods

FIGURE 11. Phylogenetic relationships of Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum and Rhomaleopakhus turpanensis, gen. et sp. nov. A, topology based on EWP and EIW analyses of the Mannion et al. (2019a, b) matrix, with Wamweracaudia pruned a posteriori; B, topology based on EIW analysis of Moore et al. (2020) matrix. In both topologies, Hudiesaurus and Rhomaleopakhus are in bold font, the highlighted node represents 'Core Mamenchisaurus-like taxa' (CMTs), and eusauropods more derived than CMTs have been collapsed into a single lineage.

FIGURE 10 in Re-assessment of the Late Jurassic eusauropod dinosaur Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997, from the Turpan Basin, China, and the evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia in sauropods

FIGURE 10. Articulated right manus of Rhomaleopakhus turpanensis, gen. et sp. nov. (IVPP V11121-1; holotype). A, anterior view; B, anterolateral view; C, anteromedial view; D, proximal (dorsal) view; and E, distal (ventral) view. Abbreviations: 1–2, phalanx number; ca, carpal; I–V, digit/metacarpal number; McX, metacarpal (number); PhX.Y, phalanx (number). Scale bars equal 100 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Re-assessment of the Late Jurassic eusauropod dinosaur Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997, from the Turpan Basin, China, and the evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia in sauropods

FIGURE 6. Holotype right forelimb of Rhomaleopakhus turpanensis gen. et sp. nov. (IVPP V11121-1; holotype) with individual elements in approximate anatomical position, shown in anterior view. Scale bar equals 200 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Re-assessment of the Late Jurassic eusauropod dinosaur Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997, from the Turpan Basin, China, and the evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia in sauropods

FIGURE 3. Posterior cervical vertebra of Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum (IVPP V11120; holotype). A, dorsal view; B, close up on anterior vertebral laminae supporting the diapophysis in right lateral view (not to scale). Abbreviations: ACDL, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; d.ACDL, dorsal branch of ACDL; l.ACDL, lateral branch of ACDL; dia, diapophysis;?epi, epipophysis; poz, postzygapophysis; PRDL.k, kink in PRDL; prz.p, pits on dorsal surface of prezygapophysis; SDF.c, pneumatic coel within spinodiapophyseal fossa; SPOL, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Re-assessment of the Late Jurassic eusauropod dinosaur Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997, from the Turpan Basin, China, and the evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia in sauropods

FIGURE 4. Posterior cervical vertebra of Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum (IVPP V11120; holotype). Close-up on the right lateral side of the neural spine in dorsolateral view to show pneumatic coels and accessory laminae within the spinodiapophyseal fossa (not to scale). Abbreviations: AHL, accessory horizontal lamina; lig, ossified intervertebral ligament; PODL, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; SPOL, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; SPRL, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina.

FIGURE 2 in Re-assessment of the Late Jurassic eusauropod dinosaur Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997, from the Turpan Basin, China, and the evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia in sauropods

FIGURE 2. Posterior cervical vertebra of Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum (IVPP V11120; holotype). A, right lateral view; B, left lateral view; C, anterior view; D, posterior view. Abbreviations: acc.proc, accessory process; ACDL, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; CPOF, centropostzygapophyseal fossa; CPOL, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; CPRF, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; CPRL, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; dia, diapophysis; lig, ossified intervertebral ligament; mp, metapophysis; mt, median tubercle; PCDL, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; POCDF, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; PODL, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; pp, parapophysis; PRCDF, prezygocentrodiapophyseal fossa; PRDL, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; PRDL.k, kink in PRDL; prz, prezygapophysis; SDF, spinodiapophyseal fossa; SPOF, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; SPOL, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; SPRL, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; TPOL, interpostzygapophyseal lamina; TPRL, interprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 100 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Re-assessment of the Late Jurassic eusauropod dinosaur Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997, from the Turpan Basin, China, and the evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia in sauropods

FIGURE 8. Right humerus of Rhomaleopakhus turpanensis gen. et sp. nov. (IVPP V11121-1; holotype). A, proximal end view (damaged); B, distal end view. Abbreviations: l.adp, lateral anterodistal process; m.adp, medial anterodistal process. Scale bars equal 100 mm.

FIGURE 9 in Re-assessment of the Late Jurassic eusauropod dinosaur Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997, from the Turpan Basin, China, and the evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia in sauropods

FIGURE 9. Right ulna and radius of Rhomaleopakhus turpanensis, gen. et sp. nov. (IVPP V11121-1; holotype). A–F, right ulna in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), posteromedial (D), proximal (E), and distal (F) views. G–L, right radius in anterior (G), lateral (H), posterior (I), medial (J), proximal (K), and distal (L) views. Note that in E, F, K, and L that anterior is towards the top of the page. Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process of proximal ulna; amf, anteromedial fossa on distal ulna; amp, anteromedial process of proximal ulna; amr, anteromedial ridge on distal ulna; bev, beveled condyles of distal radius; con, concavity between olecranon and anteromedial processes on proximal ulna; dc, distal condyles; exp.p, posterior expansion of distal ulna; ole, olecranon process; plr, posterolateral ridge of distal radius; pmr, posteromedial ridge of proximal radius; post.pr., posterior process of proximal ulna; rad.f, radial fossa. Scale bars equal 200 mm (A–D, G–J) or 100 mm (E, F, K, L).