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Fig. 6 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 6. Leptostrophiid brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia A–E, G) and southwestern Estonia (F). A. Eostropheodonta hirnantensis (M`Coy, 1851), Taagepera, depth 413.9 m, moulds of ventral valves, GIT 542-337/1 A1) and GIT 542-337/2 (A2), exterior views. B, E. Eostropheodonta cf. parvicostellata Rong, 1984. B. Shell, GIT 542-381, Vilcini-19, 906.4 m, exterior view of dorsal valve (B1) and view on interarea (B2). E. Mould of dorsal valve, LDM G328-12, Priekule-33, 1395.6 m, exterior view. C, D, F, G. Coolinia sp. C. Mould of ventral valve, LDM G328-26, Dižrungi-17, 984.5 m, exterior view. D. Ventral valve, LDM G328-26, Dizrungi-17, 984.5 m, exterior view. F. Fragment of dorsal valve, GIT 542-364, Ruhnu-500, depth 612.9 m, view of cardinalia (F1) and exterior view (F2). G. Incomplete ventral valve, GIT 542 48-2, Stirnas-18, 899.0 m, interior view. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 11 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 11. Dalmanellid brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia A–D, F–I) and southwestern Estonia (E). A, B, D, H, I. Onniella sp. A. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-66, Aispute-41, depth 1001.15 m, exterior view. B. Ventral valve, LDM 382-50, Dižrungi-17, 896.0 m, ventral view. D. Shell, GIT 542-471, Riekstini-15, 860.85, dorsal (D 1), ventral (D 2), and lateral (D 3) views. H. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-480, Krjukai, 968.6 m, dorsal exterior view. I. Shell, GIT 542-472, Kandava-26, 964.5 m, ventral (I 1) and dorsal (I 2) views. C, E, F. Draborthis cf. caelebs Marek and Havliček, 1967. C. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-392, Riekstini-15, 857.5, interior view. E. Dorsal valve, GIT 542- 67, Ruhnu-500, 914.0 m, exterior view. F. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-4393, Mežmali-16, 913.2 m, interior view. G. Drabovia sp., dorsal valve, GIT 542-473, Mežmali-16, 910.1 m, interior view. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 5 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 5. Leptostrophiid brachiopod Eostropheodonta hirnantensis (M`Coy, 1851) from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia. A. Ventral valve, GIT 542-316, Riekstini-15, depth 850.3 m, ventral exterior view. B. Ventral valve, GIT 542-333, Riekstini-15, 854.0 m, fragment of valve with ornament (B 1) and exterior view (B 2). C. Juvenile specimen, GIT 542-319, Mežmali-16, 906.56 m, ventral exterior view. D. Ventral valve, GIT 542-385, Aispute-41, 1000.5 m, interior view. E. Bedding plane with numerous casts of valves, GIT 542- 360, Vilcini-19, 906.5 m.

Fig. 4 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 4. Strophomenoid brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia (A–F, H) and southwestern Estonia (G). A, B, F–H. Paromalomena polonica (Temple, 1965). A. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-299, Mežmali-16, depth 911.8 m, exterior view. B. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-352-1, Adze-6, 844.5 m, split into two parts: exterior view (B1) and impression (B2). F. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-377, Aispute-41, 884.4 m, exterior view. G. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-361, Ikla, 535.3 m, exterior view. H. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-355, Mežmali-16, 912.2 m, exterior view (H 1) and view of the chilidium (H2). C. Eostropheodonta cf. parvicostellata Rong, 1984. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-365, Aispute-41, depth 988.7 m, exterior view. D–E. Proboscisambon? sp. D. Mould of dorsal valve, GIT 542-53, Stirnas-18, depth 908.2 m, exterior view. E. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-322-1, exterior view; Riekstini-15, 858.6 m. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 2. A in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 2. A. The facies belts in the Baltic Basin and the study area. B. The location of drill core sections. C. Enlarged Jurkalne area. Black dots mark the locality of the drill core with brachiopods of the Hirnantia Fauna; empty dots indicate occurrences of the Hirnantia Fauna (from Paškevičius 1997, 2000). Drill cores: 1, Stirnas-18; 2, Pliekalni-14: 3, Dizrungi-17, 4, Vilcini-19; 5, Adze-6; 6, Dreimaņi-11; 7, Riekstini-15; 8, Mežmaļi-16; 9, Mežvagari-13, 10, Ēdole-60; 11, Anši. Distribution of the Hirnantian rocks: a, outer limit the the Porkuni Stage, including of the Saldus Formation on the NE areas; b, outer limit of the Saldus Formation in northern part of region; c, outer limits of the distribution area of the Kuldiga Formation.

Fig. 3 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 3. Leptaenin brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia A–D, F–G), southwestern Estonia (E). A, B, D, F, G. Leptaena (L.) rugosa (Dalman, 1828). A. Shell, LDM G 273-1, Ēdole-60 drill core, depth 840.7 m, ventral (A1) and ventro-lateral (A2) views. B. Shell, GIT G 542-2, Vilcini-15, 910.35 m (figured in Kaljo et al. 2008), ventral (B1) and posterior (B2) views. D. Shell, GIT 542-17, Stirnas-18, 908.6 m, dorsal exterior view. F. Shell, GIT 542-18, Stirnas-18, 909.4 m, ventral view. G. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-197, Sturi-8, 941.8 m, view of interior (G1) and cruralium (G2). C, E. Leptaena sp. C. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-189, Vilcini-15, 909.3 m, exterior view. E. Incomplete ventral valve, GIT 542-192, Ikla, 536.5 m, exterior view. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 6 in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure

Fig. 6. EDS spectra of the phosphatic Sphenothallus tube with diagenetic calcite interlayer. Scale bar 100 μm.

Fig. 3 in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure

Fig. 3. Tube microstructure of Sphenothallus aff. longissimus (TUG 1648-2), Viivikonna Formation, lowermost Sandbian, Kohtla-Nõmme. A. Laminar microstructure, arrows point to the boundaries of laminae; z, possible thin primary lamination. B. Secondary calcitic layer in the tube wall, arrows point to the boundaries between laminae. C. Detail view of the boundary between laminae. D. Homogeneous microstructure.

Fig. 4. Representative X in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure

Fig. 4. Representative X-ray diffraction pattern of Sphenothallus aff. longissimus, Viivikonna Formation, lowermost Sandbian, Kohtla, NE Estonia. Dark gray line indicates modelled apatite pattern fitted to measured pattern. Position of reflections 410 and 004 were used to estimate carbonate ion content in carbonate-fluor apatite structure.

Fig. 7 in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure

Fig. 7. Representitave ATR-FTIR spectrum of Sphenothallus aff. longissimus from Viivikonna Formation, Kivõli, NE Estonia.

Fig. 2 in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure

Fig. 2. Tubes of Sphenothallus aff. longissimus (A–C) and Sphenothallus kukersianus (Öpik, 1927) (D) Viivikonna Formation, lowermost Sandbian, NE Estonia. A. TUG 73-37 from Kohtla-Järve. B. TUG 1087-14 from Kohtla. C. TUG 2-551 from North East Estonia, oil shale basin. D. TUG 1087-12 from Kohtla-Järve.

Fig.9. A–F in Late Ordovician brachiopods from the Selety river basin, north Central Kazakhstan

Fig.9. A–F. Nalivkinia (Pronalivkinia) zvontsovi sp.nov.; A–E, from sample 5190, F, from sample 2523. A. NMW 98.30G.54, holotype, lateral (A1), anterior (A2), ventral (A3), and dorsal (A4) views of conjoined valves, × 3. B. NMW 98.30G.53, lateral (B1), anterior (B2), ventral (B3), and dorsal (B4) views of conjoined valves, × 2.5. C. NMW 98.30G.55, lateral (C1), anterior (C2), dorsal (C3), and ventral (C4) views of conjoined valves, × 2. D. NMW 98.30G.57, lateral view of incomplete shell showing spiralia, × 3.7. E. NMW 98.30G.56, anterior (E1), dorsal (E2), ventral (E3), and lateral (E4) views of conjoined valves, × 1.7. F. NMW 98.30G.58, lateral view of incomplete shell showing spiralia, × 2.25. G. Sulcatospira prima Popov, Nikitin, and Sokiran; sample 5190; NMW 98.30G.49, lateral (G1), anterior (G2), ventral (G3), and dorsal (G4) views of conjoined valves, × 4.

Fig.8 in Late Ordovician brachiopods from the Selety river basin, north Central Kazakhstan

Fig.8.Transverse serial sections of conjoined valves and reconstruction of brachial supports of Nalivkinia (Pronalivkinia) zvontsovi sp.nov.Dorsal valve uppermost.

Fig.7 in Late Ordovician brachiopods from the Selety river basin, north Central Kazakhstan

Fig.7.Transverse serial sections of conjoined valves of Sulcatospira prima Popov, Nikitin, and Sokiran.Distance in mm is measured from the posterior tip of the ventral beak. Dorsal valve uppermost.

Fig.6 in Late Ordovician brachiopods from the Selety river basin, north Central Kazakhstan

Fig.6.Transverse serial sections of conjoined valves of Rhynchotrema seletensis sp.nov.Distance in mm is measured from the posterior tip of the ventral beak. Dorsal valve uppermost.

Fig.5. A–F in Late Ordovician brachiopods from the Selety river basin, north Central Kazakhstan

Fig.5. A–F. Rhynchotrema seletensis sp.nov. A, C, F, sample 2523; B, D, E, sample 550a. A. NMW 98.30G.40, ventral (A1), dorsal (A2), anterior (A3), and lateral (A4) views of conjoined valves, × 2.25. B. NMW 98.30G.43, ventral internal mould (B1) and latex cast (B2), × 3. C. NMW 98.30G.41, holotype, ventral (C1), dorsal (C2), lateral (C3), and anterior (C4) views of conjoined valves, × 2.25. D. NMW 98.30G.45, latex cast of dorsal interior, × 2.5. E.NMW 98.30G.42, latex cast of dorsal valve interior (E1) and dorsal internal mould (E2), × 2.25. F. NMW 98.30G.44, anterior (F1), ventral (F2), dorsal (F3), and lateral (F4) views of conjoined valves, × 3. G. Dinorthis taukensis sp. nov.; NMW 98.30G.37, holotype, sample 2523; dorsal (G1), ventral (G2), lateral (G3), anterior (G4), and posterior (G5) views of conjoined valves, × 2.25. H. Glyptomena kaskolica sp. nov.; NMW 98.30G.12, holotype, sample 550a; latex cast of ventral interior showing muscle field, × 2.25.

Fig.2 in Late Ordovician brachiopods from the Selety river basin, north Central Kazakhstan

Fig.2.Generalised successions in selected sections of the Tauken Formation showing stratigraphic position of the Kaskol beds and brachiopod sampl es.

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Fig. 9 in Concentrations of juvenile and small adult cephalopods in the Hirnantian cherts (Late Ordovician) of Porkuni, Estonia

Fig. 9. Polished median section of Parvihebetoceras wahli sp. nov., TUG 1227/41, from the Siuge Member, Porkuni, Estonia showing the truncated part of the shell with septum of truncation and fractured outer shell. Note also the siphuncular diaphragm, 0.6 mm adoral of the septum of truncation.

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Fig. 8 in Concentrations of juvenile and small adult cephalopods in the Hirnantian cherts (Late Ordovician) of Porkuni, Estonia

Fig. 8. Polished median section of the apex of Eriditidae gen. et sp. indet., TUG 1227/44 from the Siuge Member, Porkuni, Estonia. Note the blunt apex, the eccentric septal perforations and the achoanitic septal necks.