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1,157 results for “Limited data”

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dryad40/100

Data for: Weaker selection on genes with treatment-specific expression consistent with a limit on plasticity evolution in Arabidopsis thaliana

Differential gene expression between environments often underlies phenotypic plasticity. However, environment-specific expression patterns are hypothesized to relax selection on genes, and thus limit plasticity evolution. We collated over 27 terabases of RNA-sequencing data on Arabidopsis thaliana from over 300 peer-reviewed studies and 200 treatment conditions to investigate this hypothesis. Consistent with relaxed selection, genes with more treatment-specific expression have higher levels of nucleotide diversity and divergence at nonsynonymous sites but lack stronger signals of positive selection. This result persisted even after controlling for expression level, gene length, GC content, the tissue specificity of expression, and technical variation between studies. Overall, our investigation supports the existence of a hypothesized trade-off between the environment specificity of a gene's expression and the strength of selection on said gene in A. thaliana. Future studies should leverage multiple genome-scale datasets to tease apart the contributions of many variables in limiting plasticity evolution.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

Supplementary data S1 associated with the manuscript "Limited climatic space for alternative ecosystem states in Africa"

Site locations and meta-data used in this study. The original sources of the data and how they were filtered for this study are described in the methods section of the manuscript.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

dryad40/100

Data from: Reciprocal transplants reveal asymmetric local adaptation of Himalayan Rhododendron approaching elevational range limit

As plant species expand their upper limit of distribution under current warming, some retain both traditional climate space and biotic environment while others encounter novel conditions. The latter is the case for Rhododendron campanulatum,a woody shrub that grows both above and below treeline at our study site in the Eastern Himalaya where a very conspicuous, stable treeline was defined by a nearly contiguous canopy of tall Abies spectabilis trees, many of them over a century old. Prior work showed that treeline had remained static in this region while R. campanulatum expanded its elevational range limit. We tested local adaptation of R. campanulatum by performing reciprocal transplants between the species' current elevational range limit (4023masl) and just above treeline (3876 masl). Contrary to expectation, the coldest temperatures of late winter and early-mid spring were experienced by plants at the lower elevation: R. campanulatum at species' limit (upper site) were covered by snow for a longer period (40 more days) and escaped the coldest temperatures suffered by conspecifics at treeline (lower site). The harsher spring conditions at treeline likely explains why leaves were smaller at treeline (15.3 cm2) than at species-limit (21.3 cm2). Contrary to results from equivalent studies in other regions, survival was reduced more by downslope than by upslope movement, again potentially due to extreme cold temperatures observed at treeline in spring. Upslope transplantation had no effect on mortality, but mortality of species-limit saplings transplanted downslope was three times higher than that of residents at both sites. A general expectation is that locals should survive better than foreign transplants, but survival of locals and immigrants at our species-limit site was identical. However, those species-limit saplings that survive the transplant to treeline grew faster than both locals at treeline and the transplants at species-limit. Overall, we found asymmetric adaptation: compared to treeline saplings, those at species-limit (147 m above treeline) were more tolerant of extremes in the growing season but less tolerant of extremes in winter and early-mid spring, displaying local adaptation in a more complex manner than simply home advantage, and complicating predictions about impacts of future regional climate change.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

dryad40/100

Data for: Chronic exposure to odors at naturally occurring concentrations triggers limited plasticity in early stages of Drosophila olfactory processing

In insects and mammals, olfactory experience in early life alters olfactory behavior and function in later life. In the vinegar fly Drosophila, flies chronically exposed to a high concentration of a monomolecular odor exhibit reduced behavioral aversion to the familiar odor when it is re-encountered. This change in olfactory behavior has been attributed to selective decreases in the sensitivity of second-order olfactory projection neurons (PNs) in the antennal lobe that respond to the overrepresented odor. However, since odorant compounds do not occur at similarly high concentrations in natural sources, the role of odor experience-dependent plasticity in natural environments is unclear. Here, we investigated olfactory plasticity in the antennal lobe of flies chronically exposed to odors at concentrations that are typically encountered in natural odor sources. These stimuli were chosen to each strongly and selectively excite a single class of primary olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), thus facilitating a rigorous assessment of the selectivity of olfactory plasticity for PNs directly excited by overrepresented stimuli. Unexpectedly, we found that chronic exposure to three such odors did not result in decreased PN sensitivity but rather mildly increased responses to weak stimuli in most PN types. Odor-evoked PN activity in response to stronger stimuli was mostly unaffected by odor experience. When present, plasticity was observed broadly in multiple PN types and thus was not selective for PNs receiving direct input from the chronically active ORNs. We further investigated the DL5 olfactory coding channel and found that chronic odor-mediated excitation of its input ORNs did not affect PN intrinsic properties, local inhibitory innervation, ORN responses, or ORN-PN synaptic strength; however, broad-acting lateral excitation evoked by some odors was increased. These results show that PN odor coding is only mildly affected by strong persistent activation of a single olfactory input, highlighting the stability of early stages of insect olfactory processing to significant perturbations in the sensory environment.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

dryad40/100

Data and reproducible code for Honor et al: Direct and indirect fitness effects of competition limit evolution of allelopathy in an invading plant

Upon introduction to new continents, invading species encounter novel communities of consumers, pathogens, and competitors. Both phenotypic plasticity and rapid evolution can facilitate adaptation across these heterogenous communities, facilitating further invasion. However, the rate and extent of adaptive evolution on contemporary timescales can be constrained by phenotypic plasticity and limits imposed by genetic co-variation for traits under selection. We measured phenotypic plasticity and quantified genetic co-variation for growth, competition, and fitness among 23 naturally inbred seed families of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) collected across its invasive range in eastern North America. After growing a self-pollinated generation in a uniform common garden to reduce maternal effects, we reared second-generation plants in a two-year greenhouse and field experiment with naïve soil from an uninvaded habitat. We measured selection gradients and lifetime fitness when reared alone, with an intraspecific competitor, and under interspecific competition with naïve Acer saccharum (sugar maple) saplings. Total glucosinolate production was strongly correlated with the production of chlorophyll a (Chl a) (R2 = 0.45) such that first principal component (PC1) accounted for 84% of variation in these two traits. Furthermore, PC1 exhibited high plasticity across growing environments (p < 0.001) with limited broad-sense heritability (H2 = 2.91; p = 0.08). In contrast, investment in glucosinolate production relative to Chl a (PC2) was significantly heritable (H2 =16.91, p < 0.001) with minimal plasticity across treatments. Causal analysis revealed that plastic variation for higher Chl a + glucosinolate production (PC1) had an indirect positive effect on A. petiolata fitness via a direct, negative effect on A. saccharum performance. In contrast, heritable variation for higher glucosinolate investment (PC2) had a direct, positive effect on A. saccharum performance and an indirect negative effect on A. petiolata fitness. Applying causal inference, we find that evolution of allelopathy in A. petiolata has been constrained by (i) a lack of genetic variation, (ii) selection against glucosinolate investment under interspecific competition, and (iii) phenotypic plasticity. These factors limit adaptive evolution but maintain fitness during population growth as plants switch from interspecific to intraspecific competition during invasion.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

Data from the parametric analysis of multi-ring masonry arches using a limit analysis approach for the span of 3m

The dataset is produced by running a series of 360 simulations using the in-house code ALMA (Analisi Limite Murature Attritive) that implements the upper bound approach of limit analysis to detect the collapse multiplier and mechanism for masonry structures. This set of data contains the results of 120 simulations achieved for the multi-ring masonry arches for span of 3m with different level of parameters considered, namely size of blocks, span of the arch, ring number, interlocking coefficient and the friction angle. In order to simplify references to figures an acronym system is used and it follows a sequence of "size_span_ring_interlock_friction". Size takes attributes as S-small and B-big while span takes number attributes based on the span like S3, S5, S7 for spans of 3, 5 and 7 meters, respectively. Ring number similarly is based on the number of rings as R2, R3, R4 and R5 and interlock takes the following attributes, I00, I15, I35 and I50 for the interlocking percentage considered such that 00-stacked, 15%, 35% and 50%, respectively. Finally friction takes attributes following the angle of friction such as F25—low level, F30—medium level, and F35—high level. The acronym used for the equivalent one-ring arches is used as simply EQ. For example, the acronym “S_S7_R4_I35_F30" refers to the arch with small blocks, span of 7 meters, consisting of 4 rings and by blocks interlocked at 35% with a joint friction of 30o. This database contains a *.txt, a *.vtk and a *.png file. In the .txt file the elapsed time and the collapse multiplier of each simulation can be found. The .vtk file contains all the geometry and displacement values of every masonry panel. Finally, the .png file presents the collapse mechanism obtained.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

Data from the parametric analysis of multi-ring masonry arches using a limit analysis approach for the span of 7m

The dataset is produced by running a series of 360 simulations using the in-house code ALMA (Analisi Limite Murature Attritive) that implements the upper bound approach of limit analysis to detect the collapse multiplier and mechanism for masonry structures. This set of data contains the results of 120 simulations achieved for the multi-ring masonry arches for span of 7m with different level of parameters considered, namely size of blocks, span of the arch, ring number, interlocking coefficient and the friction angle. In order to simplify references to figures an acronym system is used and it follows a sequence of "size_span_ring_interlock_friction". Size takes attributes as S-small and B-big while span takes number attributes based on the span like S3, S5, S7 for spans of 3, 5 and 7 meters, respectively. Ring number similarly is based on the number of rings as R2, R3, R4 and R5 and interlock takes the following attributes, I00, I15, I35 and I50 for the interlocking percentage considered such that 00-stacked, 15%, 35% and 50%, respectively. Finally friction takes attributes following the angle of friction such as F25—low level, F30—medium level, and F35—high level. The acronym used for the equivalent one-ring arches is used as simply EQ. For example, the acronym “S_S7_R4_I35_F30" refers to the arch with small blocks, span of 7 meters, consisting of 4 rings and by blocks interlocked at 35% with a joint friction of 30o. This database contains a *.txt, a *.vtk and a *.png file. In the .txt file the elapsed time and the collapse multiplier of each simulation can be found. The .vtk file contains all the geometry and displacement values of every masonry panel. Finally, the .png file presents the collapse mechanism obtained.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

Data from the parametric analysis of multi-ring masonry arches using a limit analysis approach for the span of 5m

The dataset is produced by running a series of 360 simulations using the in-house code ALMA (Analisi Limite Murature Attritive) that implements the upper bound approach of limit analysis to detect the collapse multiplier and mechanism for masonry structures. This set of data contains the results of 120 simulations achieved for the multi-ring masonry arches for span of 5m with different level of parameters considered, namely size of blocks, span of the arch, ring number, interlocking coefficient and the friction angle. In order to simplify references to figures an acronym system is used and it follows a sequence of "size_span_ring_interlock_friction". Size takes attributes as S-small and B-big while span takes number attributes based on the span like S3, S5, S7 for spans of 3, 5 and 7 meters, respectively. Ring number similarly is based on the number of rings as R2, R3, R4 and R5 and interlock takes the following attributes, I00, I15, I35 and I50 for the interlocking percentage considered such that 00-stacked, 15%, 35% and 50%, respectively. Finally friction takes attributes following the angle of friction such as F25—low level, F30—medium level, and F35—high level. The acronym used for the equivalent one-ring arches is used as simply EQ. For example, the acronym “S_S7_R4_I35_F30" refers to the arch with small blocks, span of 7 meters, consisting of 4 rings and by blocks interlocked at 35% with a joint friction of 30o. This database contains a *.txt, a *.vtk and a *.png file. In the .txt file the elapsed time and the collapse multiplier of each simulation can be found. The .vtk file contains all the geometry and displacement values of every masonry panel. Finally, the .png file presents the collapse mechanism obtained.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

Data and scripts for GRL article: Author's reply to Comment by Greaves et al. on ``Phosphine in the Venusian Atmosphere: A Strict Upper Limit from SOFIA GREAT Observations''

Python scripts and raw SOFIA Data to reproduce the figures found in GRL article: Author's reply to Comment by Greaves et al. on ``Phosphine in the Venusian Atmosphere: A Strict Upper Limit from SOFIA GREAT Observations''

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

dryad40/100