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133 results for “MCR LTER”
MCR LTER: Genetics: Settlement dynamics in the clownfish, Amphiprion chrysopterus
These data describe the genetics of recruiting Amphiprion chrysopterus. Our goal is to score every single clownfish from the island of Moorea (we believe that the total population in Moorea is of approximately 300-500 individuals). Individuals are characterized using microsatellites, thus the data are presented as a matrix of alleles corresponding to a set of microsatellite loci. Ultimately, we want to determine the level of self-recruitment in Moorea by estimating the number of offspring which recruit on Moorea and that are derived from Moorea parents. These data are published in DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.2433 Beldade, R., S.J. Holbrook, R.J. Schmitt, S. Planes, D. Malone and G. Bernardi. In Press. Larger female fish contribute disproportionately more to self-replenishment. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Growth and scaling of photosynthetic energy intake in Fungia concinna: Elahi & Edmunds 2007 JEMBE
For many marine invertebrates, the maximum size of an individual is influenced heavily by environmental factors and may be limited by energetic constraints. In this study, an energetic model developed originally for anemones was applied to the free-living scleractinian Fungia concinna (Verrill) from Moorea, French Polynesia to test the hypothesis that energetic constraints limit the size of this solitary coral. The modified model assumed that photosynthesis was the primary source of metabolic energy, and that metabolic costs were represented by aerobic respiration; these sources and sinks of energy were compared using daily energy budgets that were analyzed using double logarithmic regressions of energy against coral size. These data were published in Elahi, R. and P.J. Edmunds. 2007. Determinate growth and the scaling of photosynthetic energy intake in the solitary coral Fungia concinna (Verrill). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 349:183-193. and were part of the masters thesis of R. Elahi (2005). This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2018). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Diadema predation and recruitment in Moorea, French Polynesia
These are field data from Moorea, French Polynesia regarding the population dynamics of Diadema savignyi. Data were collected during the austral winters in 2009 and 2010. Four datasets are provided: (1) recruitment data of Diadema savignyi over the course of ~9 weeks during the austral winter of 2010, (2) predation data of adult Diadema using a tethering experiment, (3) urchin abundance surveys for 2009 and 2010, and (4) a 9 week weekly survey of newly recruited Diadema (test diameter). These data are part of a PhD dissertation, "Herbivore Community Dynamics and Functional Compositions in Moorea, French Polynesia", 2014, published by ProQuest.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: pH Time Series from Bottom-mounted SeaFET on the Fringing Reef, January-February 2011
Bottom-mounted instrumentation (SeaFET, Seabird thermistors) sampled for 6 weeks on the fringing reef of Moorea Island, French Polynesia at site LTER Fringe 1. Sampling began in January 2011. The instruments were secured to a cement piling at 3.3 meters depth and 0.7 meters above the sandy bottom. The SeaFET recorded voltages from a thermistor and pH electrodes at a 10-minute sampling interval. Discrete seawater samples were collected using a Niskin bottle during the deployment; pH, salinity, and total alkalinity of this sample were measured to calculate seawater pH (total scale) from raw SeaFET data as well as other carbonate chemistry parameters. The Seabird thermistors provided measures of seawater temperature at 10-minute sampling intervals. These data are published in Rivest, E.B. and G.E. Hofmann. 2014. Responses of the metabolism of the larvae of Pocillopora damicornis to ocean acidification and warming. PLoS ONE DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0096172
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Effects of Flow and Temperature on Growth and Photophysiology of Scleractinian Corals in Moorea, French Polynesia
To test for threshold effects in the response of coral physiology to increasing seawater flow, field and laboratory experiments were conducted in Moorea. First, the growth of juvenile massive Porites spp. and branching P. irregularis was compared among habitats differing in water motion. Growth of massive Porites spp. responded to flow in a pattern consistent with a threshold effect, whereas growth of P. irregularis increased linearly with flow. Second, a recirculating flume was used to test the effect of flow on photophysiology (ΔF⁄Fm'), effective photochemical efficiency) for massive Porites spp.; ΔF⁄Fm' displayed a threshold response at 23 cm/sec and 28 °C, but not at 31 °C. Finally, intra-colony variation in the response of ΔF⁄Fm' to flow and temperature was explored to evaluate the functional significance of colony shape in small corals. ΔF⁄Fm' on the top and upstream surfaces of massive Porites spp. responded with a threshold effect of flow at 28 °C (but not 31 °C), but ΔF⁄Fm' on downstream surfaces was unresponsive to flow. ΔF⁄Fm' for P. irregularis was less responsive to flow than for massive Porites spp., suggesting that the photophysiological response of corals to varying flow speeds may differ between species and morphologies. Together, these results emphasize that flow can have diverse effects on the physiology of corals, with the outcome depending on flow speed, temperature, location on the colony, and perhaps morphology. These data were published in The Biological Bulletin and were part of the masters thesis of W. Goldenheim (2011).
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Coral Larval Metabolism in pH and Temperature Treatments
In this study, we explored plasticity of physiological responses of coral larvae from a reef in French Polynesia. The study was motivated by these questions: (1) what is the present-day exposure of Pocillopora damicornis to natural variability of pH and temperature on the natal reef?, (2) what is the response of P. damicornis larvae to conditions of decreased pH and warming, measured via two indices of metabolism - rates of oxygen consumption and citrate synthase activity?, and (3) are there differences in larval sensitivity to environmental change between cohorts that are released from adult colonies at different times? P. damicornis larvae were incubated for 6 hours in seawater containing combinations of CO2 concentration (450 and 950 μatm) and temperature (28 and 30C). Rates of larval oxygen consumption were higher at elevated temperatures. In contrast, high CO2 levels elicited depressed metabolic rates, most dramatically for larvae released later in the spawning period. Rates of citrate synthase, a rate-limiting enzyme in aerobic metabolism, suggested a biochemical limit for increasing oxidative capacity in a warming, acidifying ocean. Biological responses were also compared between cohorts, larvae released from adult colonies on the same day. The metabolic physiology of P. damicornis larvae varied significantly by day of release. Without adaptation or acclimatization, only a portion of naive P. damicornis larvae may have suitable metabolic phenotypes for maintaining function and fitness in an end-of-the century ocean. These data are published in Rivest, E.B. and G.E. Hofmann. 2014. Responses of the metabolism of the larvae of Pocillopora damicornis to ocean acidification and warming. PLoS ONE DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0096172
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Growth and Survivorship of Dascyllus trimaculatus
The influence of density-dependent and number-dependent processes on individual demographic rates often results in ecological tradeoffs. Because such processes have important implications for individual level fitness and population regulation, they long have been an important topic in ecological research. I used Dascyllus trimaculatus, a site-attached planktivorous coral reef fish, to determine independently the effects of population density and group size on rates of individual growth and mortality. Somatic growth of D. trimaculatus was positively related to the density of D. trimaculatus outplanted to host anenomes, Heteractis magnifica, with nearly twice as much growth observed in individuals living in the highest density treatment. By contrast, survivorship of D. trimaculatus on H. magnifica exhibited a negative relationship with density. There was no significant effect of group size on either the growth or mortality rates of D. trimaculatus. These relationships suggest a tradeoff between density-dependent growth and survival in this species. My analysis of behavioral data indicated that D. trimaculatus living under conditions of higher local population densities displayed decreased rates of intraspecific aggression because of positive feedback between local population density and the foraging distance from an individual’s host anemone. In turn, lower rates of aggression and feeding higher in the water column resulted in increased somatic growth rates due to: (1) a reduced energy expenditure and (2) an increase in prey consumption. These data are part of a Master's Thesis published by ProQuest: Nielsen, Jessica Anne. Effects of density on behaviorally-mediated tradeoffs between growth and survivorship. MA Thesis, University of California Santa Barbara, 2013. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Res
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Population Dynamics: Mean Daily Recruitment of Three-spot Dascyllus to Gump Reef, 1992 to 2012
These data describe the abundance of settler-stage three-spot dascyllus (Dascyllus trimaculatus), a planktivorous damselfish to their juvenile microhabitat, the sea anemone Heteractis magnifica. Surveys were begun in 1993, and, except for 1994, have been conducted daily each year between June and September on a reef adjacent to the UC Berkeley Gump Research Station in Cooks Bay on the north shore of the island of Moorea in French Polynesia. This time series completed in 2012.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Ocean Currents and Biogeochemistry: Moored Thermistor String Data - CBYTS
A vertically moored thermistor string sampled year-round on the reef at Cook's Bay in Moorea, French Polynesia. Sampling began in 2005 and ended in August 2011. All data have been interpolated onto a 20 min grid. Thermistors were spaced vertically along the mooring line 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 meters above the bottom. Pressure measurements are also provided from two of the instruments typically located at 4 and 20 meters above the bottom.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Benthic Community Dynamics: Island Scale Coral Cover Analysis
These data describe the results of outer reef surveys that are conducted on an irregular schedule to quantify coral reef community dynamics on a scale of kilometers. The first island-wide survey was completed in 2006, and the second in 2010; we anticipate conducting such surveys every 5-6 years or as needed to capture the large-scale effects of disturbance regimes. The island-wide sampling adds 3 new sites per shore (for a total of 5 sites/shore with the fixed LTER sites) in each year that the larger scale analyses are completed.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Coupled Natural-Human Systems: GPS-enabled survey of fish in Moorea’s lagoons
This dataset includes counts and sizes of fish within Moorea’s lagoons, with more than 130,000 fish recorded between 2018 and 2021. In summer of each year observers swim through Moorea’s lagoons, observing a 5-m wide swath and recording species and sizes of fish encountered in every minute of swim (about 10 linear meters of sampling). The fish counts are limited to a fixed species list (57 taxa) which was chosen to capture most of the reef associated species targeted in Moorea’s fishery, as well as important herbivores. Only fish larger than 10 cm were recorded, a size chosen to match the small end of fish observed in the catch. The resulting counts were georeferenced based on simultaneously collecting GPS data. Data are presented here on the scale of a minute of sampling. This scale coincides with benthic data which was simultaneously collected but is presented in a different data set (EDI data package: knb-lter-mcr.4014.1) doi:10.6073/pasta/f1e4cbcd79ebbbb0b0cbb79ab2ff8901 These data were collected as part of CNH-L: Multiscale Dynamics of Coral Reef Fisheries: Feedbacks Between Fishing Practices, Livelihood Strategies, and Shifting Dominance of Coral and Algae (BCS-1714704) with additional support from the Moorea Coral Reef LTER (OCE- 1637396).
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Coupled Natural-Human Systems: GPS Benthic Data
This dataset includes cover of benthic organisms and substrates in more than 600,000 photographic samples of Moorea’s lagoon habitats, collected between 2018 and 2021. In summer of each year swimmers towed downward facing cameras, taking 1.5 photos per second of habitats they passed over. The resulting pictures were processed through a computer vision algorithm (CoralNet), resulting in percent cover estimates in each photo of organisms such as coral and algae and substrates such as sand and rubble. These data were georeferenced based on simultaneously collecting GPS data. Data are presented here on the scale of the photograph, and are also aggregated to the scale of a minute of sampling and a transect of swimming. The latter scales are chosen to coincide with fish counting data which was simultaneously collected but is presented in a different data set (EDI data package ID: knb-lter-mcr.4013.1) doi:10.6073/pasta/ff3de88334edda65fef26de45ff26c1d These data were collected as part of CNH-L: Multiscale Dynamics of Coral Reef Fisheries: Feedbacks Between Fishing Practices, Livelihood Strategies, and Shifting Dominance of Coral and Algae (BCS-1714704) with additional support from the Moorea Coral Reef LTER (OCE- 1637396).
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Water Column: Offshore Water Profiles: CTD Transects
This dataset contains vertical water column profiles along transects heading offshore over the forereefs on the three sides of Moorea. These sides are designated north, southeast, and southwest. This process study intended to look for a hypothesized buoyant flow that would account for the counter-clockwise (CCW) circulation around the island. These transects were designed to look for cross-shore density gradients associated with the CCW flow. The SeaBird SBE19-Plus Profiler (CTD), outfitted with WetLabs FLNTURT-221 fluorometer, was cast at closely-spaced stations along transects oriented approximately normal to the three sides of the island. Standard CTD parameters (conductivity, temperature, and density) were used to calculate salinity, depth, and other physical quantities. No bottle samples were collected on these cruises.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Water Column: Bay Water Profiles: CTD Transects
This dataset contains vertical water column profiles along transects in Opunohu Bay and Cook’s Bay on the north side of Moorea. The SeaBird SBE19-Plus Profiler (CTD), outfitted with WetLabs FLNTURT-221 fluorometer, was cast at closely-spaced stations along transects down the length of the bays. Standard CTD parameters (conductivity, temperature, and density) were used to calculate salinity, depth, and other physical quantities. No bottle samples were collected on these cruises. Profiles in the bays were obtained when sea conditions offshore prohibited sampling over the forereef.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Coral Growth in Temperature and Alkalinity Treatments: Edmunds 2011 Limnology & Oceanography
These data were generated from a one-time experiment in support of a coral ecophysiology manuscript; published in Edmunds, PJ (2011) Limnology and Oceanography 56: 2402-2410 doi: 10.4319/lo.2011.56.6.2402 I tested the hypothesis that the effects of high pCO2 and temperature on massive Porites spp. (Scleractinia) are modified by heterotrophic feeding (zooplanktivory). Small colonies of massive Porites spp. from the back reef of Moorea, French Polynesia, were incubated for 1 month under combinations of temperature (29.3 C vs. 25.6 C), pCO2 (41.6 vs. 81.5 Pa), and feeding regimes (none vs. ad libitum access to live Artemia spp.), with the response assessed using calcification and biomass. Area-normalized calcification was unaffected by pCO2, temperature, and the interaction between the two, although it increased 40% with feeding. Biomass increased 35% with feeding and tended to be higher at 25.6 C compared to 29.3 C, and as a result, biomass-normalized calcification statistically was unaffected by feeding, but was depressed 12-17% by high pCO2, with the effect accentuated at 25.6 C. These results show that massive Porites spp. has the capacity to resist the effects on calcification of 1 month exposure to 81.5 Pa pCO2 through heterotrophy and changes in biomass. Area-normalized calcification is sustained at high pCO2 by a greater biomass with a reduced biomass-normalized rate of calcification. This mechanism may play a role in determining the extent to which corals can resist the long-term effects of ocean acidification.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Habitat Utilization and Pairing Patterns of Mutualistic Shrimps and Gobies from 7 Indo-Pacific regions
We analyzed network level specialization for eight Indo-Pacific networks of obligate, mutualistic gobies and shrimps, and elucidated ecological and evolutionary factors driving specialization. To accomplish this we collected and analyzed data on species pairings in Moorea, French Polynesia (lat. -17.49, long. -149.84), Kenting, Taiwan (lat. 21.95, long. 120.76), and Kimbe Bay, New Britain, Papua New Guinea (PNG; lat. -5.50, long. 150.12), and combined these observations with previously published data from Seychelles Islands (Polunin and Lubbock 1977), Great Barrier Reef, Australia (Cummins 1979), Red Sea, Israel (Karplus et al. 1981), Japan (Yanagisawa 1984), and the Gulf of Thailand, Thailand (Nakasone and Manthachitra 1986). We also systematically collected and analyzed habitat data for shrimps and gobies in Moorea, Taiwan, and PNG. We found specialization was affected by variability in habitat use for both gobies and shrimps and by phylogenetic history for shrimps. Habitat use was phylogenetically conserved among shrimp, and thus effects of shrimp phylogeny on partner choice were mediated in part by habitat. By contrast, habitat use and pairing patterns in gobies were not related to phylogenetic history. This asymmetry appears to result from evolutionary constraints on partner use in shrimps and convergence among distantly-related gobies to utilize burrows provided by multiple shrimp species. Results indicate that the evolution of mutualism is affected by life history characteristics that transcend environments and that different factors constrain interactions in disparate ecosystems. These data are associated with this publication: Thompson AR, Adam TC, Hultgren KM, Thacker CE (in press). Ecology and evolution affect network structure in an intimate marine mutualism. The American Naturalist. This is a collection of short term studies spanning 1972 to 2011.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Data in support of Edmunds 2012 Global Change Biology, v18 2173-2183
These data were generated from a one-time experiment in support of a coral ecophysiology manuscript; published in Global Change Biology 2012. Edmunds et al. (2012) Global Change Biology 18: 2173-2183 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02695.x These data were collected to test the hypothesis that the response of corals to temperature and pCO2 is consistent between taxa. Juvenile massive Porites spp. and branches of P. rus from the back reef of Moorea were incubated for 1 month under combinations of temperature (29.3 °C and 25.6 °C) and pCO2 (41.6 Pa and 81.5 Pa) at an irradiance of 599 μmol quanta m-2 s-1. Using microcosms and CO2 gas mixing technology, treatments were created in a partly nested design (tanks) with two between-plot factors (temperature and pCO2), and one within-plot factor (taxon); calcification was used as a dependent variable. A compilation of studies placed the present results in a broader context and tested the hypothesis that calcification for individual coral genera is independent of pH, [HCO3 -], and [CO3 2-]. Unlike recent reviews, this analysis was restricted to studies reporting calcification in units that could be converted to nmol CaCO3 cm-2 h-1. These data include coral growth, seawater temperature, and salinity, and seawater carbonate chemistry including total alkalinity, pH, carbon dioxide (pCO2) and saturation state of aragonite (omega).
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Data in support of Wall and Edmunds 2013 Biological Bulletin, v225 no. 2, 92-101
These data were generated from a one-time experiment in support of a coral ecophysiology manuscript published in The Biological Bulletin. Wall and Edmunds (2013) The Biological Bulletin vol. 225 no. 2: 92-101 Juvenile colonies of massive Porites spp. were exposed to manipulated pH and bicarbonate ([HCO3 -]) in situ to test the hypothesis that ocean acidification (OA) does not affect respiration and calcification. Incubations lasted 28 h and exposed corals to ambient temperature and light with ecologically relevant water motion. Three treatments were applied: (1) ambient conditions of pH 8.04 and 1751 μmol HCO3 - kg-1 (Treatment 1), (2) pCO2-induced ocean acidification of pH 7.73 and 2011 μmol HCO3 - kg-1 (Treatment 2), and (3) pCO2 and HCO3 --enriched seawater of pH 7.69 and 2730 μmol HCO3 - kg-1 (Treatment 3). The third treatment providing elevated [HCO3 -] was used to test for stimulatory effects of dissolved inorganic carbon on calcification under low pH and low saturation of aragonite (Ωarag), but it does not reflect conditions expected to occur under CO2-driven OA. Calcification of juvenile massive Porites spp. was affected by treatments, with an 81% elevation in Treatment 3 versus Treatment 1, but no difference between Treatments 1 and 2; respiration and the metabolic expenditure concurrent with calcification remained unaffected. These findings indicate that juvenile massive Porites spp. are resistant to short exposures to OA in situ, and separately, that they can increase calcification at low pH and low Ωarag if [HCO3 -] is elevated. Juvenile Porites spp. may therefore be limited by dissolved inorganic carbon under ambient pCO2 conditions.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Computer Vision: Multi-annotator Comparison of Coral Photo Quadrat Analysis
This repository contains the Moorea portion of a larger data package published in conjuncture with: "Towards automated annotation of benthic survey images: variability of human experts and operational modes of automation", Beijbom et al. PLOS One, 2015. The rest of the data package is hosted at the Dryad data repository (doi:10.5061/dryad.m5pr3). The larger data package is an aggregate dataset from four Pacific coral reef monitoring projects in: Moorea (French Polynesia), the northern Line Islands, Nanwan Bay (Taiwan) and Heron Reef (Australia). It contains 5090 coral reef survey images, and 251,988 random-point annotations by coral ecology experts. The point-annotations indicate the dominant benthic substrate at 10 to 200 random point locations per image, using a label-set of 20 categories. In addition, 200 images from each location have been cross-annotated by 6 experts, for a total of 7 sets of annotations for each image. This set of cross-annotations can be used to contextualize the performance of automated annotation methods for coral reef ecology. The full data package can also be used by computer-vision and machine learning researchers to develop object classification, image segmentation, and domain transfer learning methods. These data contain a subset of the raw data from which dataset knb-lter-mcr.4 is derived.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Fish Counts versus Coral Diversity for Holbrook, et al. PLoS One 2015
To test the impact of the regional species pool on the coral-fish diversity relationship, the same experiment was conducted in lagoons of Schumann Island in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea (5°31’S, 150°5’E), Lizard Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (14º 41’S, 145º 27’E), and Moorea in French Polynesia (17° 30’S, 149° 50’W). Divers counted individuals of all species observed on or interacting with 45 patch reefs were constructed using six abundant, co-occurring coral species that were major habitat providers for fish. Fish were allowed to naturally colonize over 8-12 months and the patch reefs were surveyed by scuba divers four times during the period. The species of corals used in the experiment were selected to include species that exhibit a broad range of structural morphologies and potential sensitivities to climate change and other environmental stressors. These data support the manuscript: Holbrook, Sally J., Russel J. Schmitt, Vanessa Messmer, Andrew J. Brooks, Maya Srinivasan, Philip L. Munday and Geoffrey P. Jones, Reef Fishes in Biodiversity Hotspots are at Greatest Risk from Loss of Coral Species, accepted 2015, PLoS One.
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