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Text-fig. 46. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Rugulate fruit"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Lateral (a) and ventral (b) views of a rugulate fruit showing the short extension of the sessile stigma at the apex (arrows); c) Irregular surface of fruit that probably reflects an irregular endocarp; note the isodiametric outlines of the epidermal cells; d) Semi-tectate reticulate pollen grains embedded in the remains of a secretion on the stigmatic surface. Specimen, Catefica 154-S101291 (a–d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 6 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 46. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Rugulate fruit"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Lateral (a) and ventral (b) views of a rugulate fruit showing the short extension of the sessile stigma at the apex (arrows); c) Irregular surface of fruit that probably reflects an irregular endocarp; note the isodiametric outlines of the epidermal cells; d) Semi-tectate reticulate pollen grains embedded in the remains of a secretion on the stigmatic surface. Specimen, Catefica 154-S101291 (a–d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 6 Μm (d).
Text-fig. 45. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate structure"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–c) Staminate structure in oblique apical (a), oblique basal (b) and lateral (c) views showing distinct stalk and head with a cluster of about 20 stamens; note bracts at the base of the structure (asterisks) and probable secretory openings in the anther tissues (arrows). Specimen, Catefica 358-S135451 (a–c). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 45. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate structure"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a–c) Staminate structure in oblique apical (a), oblique basal (b) and lateral (c) views showing distinct stalk and head with a cluster of about 20 stamens; note bracts at the base of the structure (asterisks) and probable secretory openings in the anther tissues (arrows). Specimen, Catefica 358-S135451 (a–c). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–c).
Text-fig. 41. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 5"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably coprolite but containing one kind of pollen; b, c) Pollen grains from pollen clump in oblique equatorial view (b) and polar view (c) showing the three apertures with a distinct aperture margin and the coarse reticulum; d) Detail of wall of a broken pollen grain showing long straight columellae and a thin foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S115858 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 41. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 5"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably coprolite but containing one kind of pollen; b, c) Pollen grains from pollen clump in oblique equatorial view (b) and polar view (c) showing the three apertures with a distinct aperture margin and the coarse reticulum; d) Detail of wall of a broken pollen grain showing long straight columellae and a thin foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S115858 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d).
Text-fig. 42. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b, e) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c, d, f–g) images of "Tricarpellate flower sp. 1"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Flower bud in two different lateral views showing semiinferior ovary and perianth; c) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0340) through flower bud in (a and b) showing the semi-inferior gynoecium and perigynous insertion of other floral parts; d) Volume rendering of flower bud with pedicel preserved; note the depression/split in one of the corner apparently separating two perianth lobes of the outer perianth whorl (t-o) and exposing one tepal of the inner whorl (t-i); e) Flower bud with pedicel preserved; note broad tepals of the outer whorl (t-o) and tepal of the inner whorl abraded exposing a broad stamen (st); f, g) Transverse sections through flower bud in (a and b) at two different levels above the insertion of the perianth (f, rec-file 1310; g, xy0280) showing the trimerous organization of the flower and the free, laterally flattened carpels; yellow indicates the two whorls of the androecium, each with three stamens. Specimens, Catefica 50-S171520 (a–c, f), Catefica 50-S174902 (d), Catefica MM154-P0271 (e), Catefica 49-S175354 (g). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 42. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b, e) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c, d, f–g) images of "Tricarpellate flower sp. 1"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Flower bud in two different lateral views showing semiinferior ovary and perianth; c) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0340) through flower bud in (a and b) showing the semi-inferior gynoecium and perigynous insertion of other floral parts; d) Volume rendering of flower bud with pedicel preserved; note the depression/split in one of the corner apparently separating two perianth lobes of the outer perianth whorl (t-o) and exposing one tepal of the inner whorl (t-i); e) Flower bud with pedicel preserved; note broad tepals of the outer whorl (t-o) and tepal of the inner whorl abraded exposing a broad stamen (st); f, g) Transverse sections through flower bud in (a and b) at two different levels above the insertion of the perianth (f, rec-file 1310; g, xy0280) showing the trimerous organization of the flower and the free, laterally flattened carpels; yellow indicates the two whorls of the androecium, each with three stamens. Specimens, Catefica 50-S171520 (a–c, f), Catefica 50-S174902 (d), Catefica MM154-P0271 (e), Catefica 49-S175354 (g). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–e).
Text-fig. 44. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c, d) images of "Hexacarpellate flower". a) Lateral view of flower showing epigynous organization with remains of tepals inserted at top of the hypanthium; b) Detail of apical part of flower showing laminar structures (arrows) that may be stamen bases, adhering to, or fused with, the tepals; c) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0540) of flower through the median plane showing the epigynous organization and central axis with ovules (arrows); d) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1250) through the ovary of the flower showing the hexagonal outline, the six locules and ovules (arrows) borne near the center of the gynoecium. Specimen, Catefica 153-S174313 (a–d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, c), 100 Μm (b, d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 44. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c, d) images of "Hexacarpellate flower". a) Lateral view of flower showing epigynous organization with remains of tepals inserted at top of the hypanthium; b) Detail of apical part of flower showing laminar structures (arrows) that may be stamen bases, adhering to, or fused with, the tepals; c) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0540) of flower through the median plane showing the epigynous organization and central axis with ovules (arrows); d) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1250) through the ovary of the flower showing the hexagonal outline, the six locules and ovules (arrows) borne near the center of the gynoecium. Specimen, Catefica 153-S174313 (a–d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, c), 100 Μm (b, d).
Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 4"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably an anther fragment with one kind of pollen grain; b) Detail of pollen clump showing densely packed pollen all of the same kind; c) Pollen grains in equatorial (left) and polar (right) views showing the coarse reticulum in the mesocolpium regions, the striate-reticulate tectum over the polar regions, and the microreticulate to foveolate tectum along the aperture margins; d) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri supported by long, densely-spaced columellae; e) Detail of broken pollen wall showing long, densely-spaced columellae detached from the thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170386 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 1.5 Μm (d, e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 4"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably an anther fragment with one kind of pollen grain; b) Detail of pollen clump showing densely packed pollen all of the same kind; c) Pollen grains in equatorial (left) and polar (right) views showing the coarse reticulum in the mesocolpium regions, the striate-reticulate tectum over the polar regions, and the microreticulate to foveolate tectum along the aperture margins; d) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri supported by long, densely-spaced columellae; e) Detail of broken pollen wall showing long, densely-spaced columellae detached from the thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170386 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 1.5 Μm (d, e).
Text-fig. 38. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with tricolpate pollen sp. 2"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing the elongate, tetrasporangiate anther but with the base and apex poorly preserved; b, d, e) Pollen grains from stamen fragment in equatorial (b, e) and polar (d) views showing the long colpi with coarsely verrucate aperture membranes and semitectate-microreticulate pollen wall; note small, spherical orbicules scattered on the surface of the tectum (arrows); c) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri with very faint transverse striations and a granular to columellate infratectal layer. Specimen, Catefica 153-S105614 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d, e), 1 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 38. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with tricolpate pollen sp. 2"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing the elongate, tetrasporangiate anther but with the base and apex poorly preserved; b, d, e) Pollen grains from stamen fragment in equatorial (b, e) and polar (d) views showing the long colpi with coarsely verrucate aperture membranes and semitectate-microreticulate pollen wall; note small, spherical orbicules scattered on the surface of the tectum (arrows); c) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri with very faint transverse striations and a granular to columellate infratectal layer. Specimen, Catefica 153-S105614 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d, e), 1 Μm (c).
Text-fig. 37. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with tricolpate pollen sp. 1"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing the elongate, tetrasporangiate anther but with the base and apex poorly preserved; b–d) Pollen grains from stamen fragment in equatorial view showing the long colpi and well-developed, heterobrochate reticulum with very distinct large and small lumina; e) Detail of pollen wall showing orbicules with irregular projections; f) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri supported by short, densely spaced columellae. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170419 (a–f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d), 1.5 Μm (e, f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 37. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with tricolpate pollen sp. 1"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing the elongate, tetrasporangiate anther but with the base and apex poorly preserved; b–d) Pollen grains from stamen fragment in equatorial view showing the long colpi and well-developed, heterobrochate reticulum with very distinct large and small lumina; e) Detail of pollen wall showing orbicules with irregular projections; f) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri supported by short, densely spaced columellae. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170419 (a–f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d), 1.5 Μm (e, f).
Text-fig. 17. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fruits of Serialis communis (a) and Serialis crassitesta (b); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Oblique lateral view of fruit showing three laterally coherent seeds from which the fruit wall has been almost completely lost showing the prominent micropylar region; b) Oblique lateral view of fruit containing three or four laterally coherent seeds with their micropylar regions oriented to the left. Specimens, Catefica MM92-P0167 (a), Catefica MM92-P0169 (b). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 17. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fruits of Serialis communis (a) and Serialis crassitesta (b); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Oblique lateral view of fruit showing three laterally coherent seeds from which the fruit wall has been almost completely lost showing the prominent micropylar region; b) Oblique lateral view of fruit containing three or four laterally coherent seeds with their micropylar regions oriented to the left. Specimens, Catefica MM92-P0167 (a), Catefica MM92-P0169 (b). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b).
Text-fig. 18. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fragmentary flower of Catanthus dolichostemon (a, b) and flower of Saportanthus parvus (c, d); Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Fragment of flower bud showing bulky tepals (te) and fleshy stamens (st) in ventral (a) and lateral (b) views; note the long stamen base and small anther with extrorse anther dehiscence (arrows); c, d) Flower in lateral (c) and oblique apical (d) views showing inferior ovary and eight bulky tepals almost completely enclosing the stamens and styles. Specimens, Catefica MM92-P0159 (a, b), Catefica MM285-P0331 (c, d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 18. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fragmentary flower of Catanthus dolichostemon (a, b) and flower of Saportanthus parvus (c, d); Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Fragment of flower bud showing bulky tepals (te) and fleshy stamens (st) in ventral (a) and lateral (b) views; note the long stamen base and small anther with extrorse anther dehiscence (arrows); c, d) Flower in lateral (c) and oblique apical (d) views showing inferior ovary and eight bulky tepals almost completely enclosing the stamens and styles. Specimens, Catefica MM92-P0159 (a, b), Catefica MM285-P0331 (c, d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d).
Text-fig. 32. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with monocolpate, reticulate pollen"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen with four pollen sacs and an adhering bract (arrow); b) Pollen grains from stamen showing the large gaping, almost circular, aperture with a distinct aperture margin; c) Detail of pollen wall showing finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation and bases of broken columellae; d) Pollen grain showing the large gaping, rounded aperture; e) Pollen grains showing large, rounded aperture (left) and abraded reticulum exposing the surface of the foot layer and long columellae (right). Specimen, Catefica 49-S170144 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (d, e), 1.5 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 32. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with monocolpate, reticulate pollen"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen with four pollen sacs and an adhering bract (arrow); b) Pollen grains from stamen showing the large gaping, almost circular, aperture with a distinct aperture margin; c) Detail of pollen wall showing finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation and bases of broken columellae; d) Pollen grain showing the large gaping, rounded aperture; e) Pollen grains showing large, rounded aperture (left) and abraded reticulum exposing the surface of the foot layer and long columellae (right). Specimen, Catefica 49-S170144 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (d, e), 1.5 Μm (c).
Text-fig. 27. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Valvidistemon globiferus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen in oblique lateral view showing laterally hinged valves, massive connective between the thecae and prominent, globular, apical extension of the connective; b) Stamen in oblique lateral view on the opposite side from (a) showing broken laterally hinged valves and distinct endothecium cells; c) Detail of stamen showing the large, longitudinally aligned cells of the massive connective, broad, poorly defined stamen base, and the laterally hinged valves of one of the thecae; d) Reticulate pollen attached to the inside of the anther wall. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107779 (holotype, a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 20 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 27. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Valvidistemon globiferus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen in oblique lateral view showing laterally hinged valves, massive connective between the thecae and prominent, globular, apical extension of the connective; b) Stamen in oblique lateral view on the opposite side from (a) showing broken laterally hinged valves and distinct endothecium cells; c) Detail of stamen showing the large, longitudinally aligned cells of the massive connective, broad, poorly defined stamen base, and the laterally hinged valves of one of the thecae; d) Reticulate pollen attached to the inside of the anther wall. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107779 (holotype, a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 20 Μm (d).
Text-fig. 14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with Asteropollis-type pollen sp. 1"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen with pollen in situ; b–d) Pollen in situ in stamen in (a) showing poorly defined tetrachotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; e) Detail of pollen wall showing semitectate-reticulate tectum with long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri; note two irregular rows of minute verrucae ornamenting surface of muri. Specimen, Catefica 50- S170385 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, d), 1.5 Μm (e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with Asteropollis-type pollen sp. 1"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen with pollen in situ; b–d) Pollen in situ in stamen in (a) showing poorly defined tetrachotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; e) Detail of pollen wall showing semitectate-reticulate tectum with long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri; note two irregular rows of minute verrucae ornamenting surface of muri. Specimen, Catefica 50- S170385 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, d), 1.5 Μm (e).
Text-fig. 11. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 2"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of tetrasporangiate stamen with pollen in situ; b) Detail from stamen fragment showing distal and proximal surfaces of in situ pollen grains; c) Pollen grain in distal view showing short colpus with irregular margin and aperture membrane covered by irregular verrucae; d) Detail of pollen wall showing tiny spherical orbicules; e) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170389 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 3 Μm (d), 1.5 Μm (e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 11. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 2"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of tetrasporangiate stamen with pollen in situ; b) Detail from stamen fragment showing distal and proximal surfaces of in situ pollen grains; c) Pollen grain in distal view showing short colpus with irregular margin and aperture membrane covered by irregular verrucae; d) Detail of pollen wall showing tiny spherical orbicules; e) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170389 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 3 Μm (d), 1.5 Μm (e).
Text-fig. 7. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a–c, e, f) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, d) images of fruits and pollen grains of Hedyflora crystallifera; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Lateral view of fruits showing the remains of apical tepals and remains of the hypanthium, which is thicker on the edges of the fruit in (b) (arrows); c) Detail of hypanthium surface between the thickenings on the edges of the fruit showing polygonal cells with a central papilla; d) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0600) of fruit and seed showing the finely crystalliferous endotesta (arrowhead) and sclerified outer tegmen (asterisk); e) Distal view of pollen grain from surface of fruit showing the poorly defined tetrachotomocolpate aperture (daggers indicating the four arms of the aperture) and semi-tectate, reticulate tectum; f) Detail of pollen wall showing narrow muri with indistinctly beaded surface ornamentation of minute verrucae in poorly defined rows and supported by long columellae. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172313 (a), Catefica 49-S153159 (b), Catefica 49-S172324 (c), Catefica 49-S172325 (d), Catefica 50-S170453 (e, f). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (d), 50 Μm (c), 6 Μm (e), 1.5 Μm (f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 7. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a–c, e, f) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, d) images of fruits and pollen grains of Hedyflora crystallifera; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Lateral view of fruits showing the remains of apical tepals and remains of the hypanthium, which is thicker on the edges of the fruit in (b) (arrows); c) Detail of hypanthium surface between the thickenings on the edges of the fruit showing polygonal cells with a central papilla; d) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0600) of fruit and seed showing the finely crystalliferous endotesta (arrowhead) and sclerified outer tegmen (asterisk); e) Distal view of pollen grain from surface of fruit showing the poorly defined tetrachotomocolpate aperture (daggers indicating the four arms of the aperture) and semi-tectate, reticulate tectum; f) Detail of pollen wall showing narrow muri with indistinctly beaded surface ornamentation of minute verrucae in poorly defined rows and supported by long columellae. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172313 (a), Catefica 49-S153159 (b), Catefica 49-S172324 (c), Catefica 49-S172325 (d), Catefica 50-S170453 (e, f). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (d), 50 Μm (c), 6 Μm (e), 1.5 Μm (f).
Text-fig. 21. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Ibericarpus cuneiformis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fruiting structure in lateral view showing numerous small, helically arranged wedge-shaped fruitlets each with a slightly differentiated apical stigmatic region (st); no bracts or scars from bracts, perianth or stamens were observed associated with the entire structure or with individual carpels; b) Apical portions of fruitlets showing differentiation of the stigmatic region (st); c) Detail of apical portion of fruitlet showing slightly raised stigmatic region (st) and possible ventral suture. Specimen, Catefica 49-S115851 (holotype, a–c). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 21. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Ibericarpus cuneiformis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fruiting structure in lateral view showing numerous small, helically arranged wedge-shaped fruitlets each with a slightly differentiated apical stigmatic region (st); no bracts or scars from bracts, perianth or stamens were observed associated with the entire structure or with individual carpels; b) Apical portions of fruitlets showing differentiation of the stigmatic region (st); c) Detail of apical portion of fruitlet showing slightly raised stigmatic region (st) and possible ventral suture. Specimen, Catefica 49-S115851 (holotype, a–c). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c).
Text-fig. 13. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate inflorescence fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 4"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing several closely packed, almost sessile stamens that lack a well-developed filament; b, c) Distal and proximal views of pollen grains showing poorly defined aperture with verrucate aperture membrane; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107782 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 13. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate inflorescence fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 4"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing several closely packed, almost sessile stamens that lack a well-developed filament; b, c) Distal and proximal views of pollen grains showing poorly defined aperture with verrucate aperture membrane; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107782 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d).
Text-fig. 6. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, g, h) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, b–f) images of fruits and pollen grains of Canrightiopsis crassitesta (a–c, g, h) and fruit of Canrightiopsis intermedia (d–f); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Dorsal view of fruit showing rim of hypanthium (arrowheads); b) Surface rendering of longitudinal section in the median plane of fruit (cut between orthoslices yz0440-0510) showing the thin fruit wall, thick endotesta of the seed coat (en, dark blue) and the orthotropous, pendent seed with the chalaza (ch) near the fruit apex and the micropyle (mi) at the fruit base; note the tiny embryo (emb) adjacent to the micropyle at the base of the fruit; c) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0511) through the seed wall showing the thick, finely crystalliferous endotesta (en) surrounding the nutritive tissue of the seed; d) Surface rendering of fruit in dorsal view showing rim of the hypanthium (arrowheads) and apical stigmatic region (st); e) Surface rendering of longitudinal section of fruit in (d) (cut at orthoslice xz0560) showing the crystalliferous endotesta (en, dark blue) and the inner tissues of the seed; f) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0560) through fruit and seed showing the finely crystalliferous endotesta (en) and thin fruit wall (fr); g, h) Pollen grains from apical region of fruit showing poorly defined margin of the single colpus, reticulate tectum and muri ornamented by minute verrucae. Specimens, Catefica 343-S174311 (a), Catefica 49-S174159 (b, c), Catefica 50-S174905 (d–f), Catefica 342-S122089 (g, h). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b, d, e), 150 Μm (c, f), 6 Μm (g), 3 Μm (h). g, h published with permission from Grana. in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 6. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, g, h) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, b–f) images of fruits and pollen grains of Canrightiopsis crassitesta (a–c, g, h) and fruit of Canrightiopsis intermedia (d–f); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Dorsal view of fruit showing rim of hypanthium (arrowheads); b) Surface rendering of longitudinal section in the median plane of fruit (cut between orthoslices yz0440-0510) showing the thin fruit wall, thick endotesta of the seed coat (en, dark blue) and the orthotropous, pendent seed with the chalaza (ch) near the fruit apex and the micropyle (mi) at the fruit base; note the tiny embryo (emb) adjacent to the micropyle at the base of the fruit; c) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0511) through the seed wall showing the thick, finely crystalliferous endotesta (en) surrounding the nutritive tissue of the seed; d) Surface rendering of fruit in dorsal view showing rim of the hypanthium (arrowheads) and apical stigmatic region (st); e) Surface rendering of longitudinal section of fruit in (d) (cut at orthoslice xz0560) showing the crystalliferous endotesta (en, dark blue) and the inner tissues of the seed; f) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0560) through fruit and seed showing the finely crystalliferous endotesta (en) and thin fruit wall (fr); g, h) Pollen grains from apical region of fruit showing poorly defined margin of the single colpus, reticulate tectum and muri ornamented by minute verrucae. Specimens, Catefica 343-S174311 (a), Catefica 49-S174159 (b, c), Catefica 50-S174905 (d–f), Catefica 342-S122089 (g, h). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b, d, e), 150 Μm (c, f), 6 Μm (g), 3 Μm (h). g, h published with permission from Grana.
Text-fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope images of the seed of Canrightia sp.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Seed in ventral view showing the slightly protruding chalaza (ch) at the apex, pointed micropyle (mi) at the base and pitted surface of the endotesta; b) Detail of endotesta surface showing larger pits in longitudinal rows and the finer pits created by crystals in the cells of the endotesta. Specimen, Catefica MM158-P0289 (a, b). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a), 100 Μm (b). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope images of the seed of Canrightia sp.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Seed in ventral view showing the slightly protruding chalaza (ch) at the apex, pointed micropyle (mi) at the base and pitted surface of the endotesta; b) Detail of endotesta surface showing larger pits in longitudinal rows and the finer pits created by crystals in the cells of the endotesta. Specimen, Catefica MM158-P0289 (a, b). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a), 100 Μm (b).
Text-fig. 12. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 3"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with pollen in situ; b, c) Pollen grains showing the semitectate-reticulate pollen wall and folds (c) indicating a possible monocolpate aperture; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation; e) Detail of pollen wall showing tiny, spherical, finely spiny orbicules. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170449 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d, e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 12. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 3"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with pollen in situ; b, c) Pollen grains showing the semitectate-reticulate pollen wall and folds (c) indicating a possible monocolpate aperture; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation; e) Detail of pollen wall showing tiny, spherical, finely spiny orbicules. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170449 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d, e).
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.