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205 results for “Middle Devonian”
FIGURE 23 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 23. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Diplacanthus tenuistriatus scales. 1–4, NMS G.Canon Kyle no. 1 from Tynet Burn, Moray, scales slide NMS G.Canon Kyle no. 1.1, from dorsal side posterior to ad.fs, SEMs: 1, anterior view with broken crown; 2, 3, posterocrown and anterocrown views with end of posterior crown broken off; 4, posterior view. 5–13, NMS G.1892.8.9 from Gamrie, Banffshire, SEMs: 5, 6, 13–16, scales slide NMS G.1892.8.9.17: 5, crown view; 6, anterocrown view; 13, patch of scales in matrix, crown view; 14, crown view; 15, lateral view; 16, posterior view. 7–12, scales slide NMS G.1892.8.9.18: 7, crown view; 8, anterior view; 9, posterior view; 10, anterolateral view; 11, 12, posterobasal view and closeup of base surface. Scale bars equal 1 mm for 13; 0.3 mm for 1–11, 14–16; 0.1 mm for 12.
FIGURE 31. Rhadinacanthus longispinus NHM P.4041 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 31. Rhadinacanthus longispinus NHM P.4041, from Gamrie, Banffshire, shoulder girdles; 1, 2, pectoral region and head on the part (anterior to right); 3, magnified view of the impression of the admedian spine; 4, 5, pectoral region and head on the counterpart (anterior to left). Scale bars equal 1 cm. Abbreviations: adm.s=admedian spine; ck.p=cheek plate; co.p=circumorbital plate; cor/adm.s=coracoid attached to base of admedian spine; lt.sc=left scapula; lt.p.fs= left pectoral fin spine; oc.p=occlusal plate; p.p=pinnal plate; rt.p.fs=right pectoral fin spine; rt.sc=right scapula; v.p=ventral plate.
FIGURE 26. Rhadinacanthus longispinus spine morphologies. 1, 2 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 26. Rhadinacanthus longispinus spine morphologies. 1, 2, isolated anterior dorsal fin spine of NMS G.2014.33.4 from Marwick, Orkney: 1, whole spine; 2, long insertion zone showing fine parallel ribs; 3, posterior dorsal fin spine of NMS G.2014.33.7 from Marwick, Orkney; 4, anal fin spine of NMS G.1859.33.703 from Thurso, Caithness; 5, pectoral fin spine of NMS G.1968.5.2 from Taldale Quarry, Caithness; 6, denticulated posterior of pectoral fin spine on specimen NMS G.1870.14.143 from Gamrie, Banffshire. Scale bars equal 1 cm. Abbreviations: p.fs=pectoral fin spine; scap=scapula.
FIGURE 22 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 22. Diplacanthus tenuistriatus squamation and histology of scales from Tynet Burn and Gamrie. 1–8, NMS G.Canon Kyle no. 1 from Tynet Burn: 1, postpectoral–caudal peduncle region; 2, mid-body squamation; 3, scale crown; 4, vertical transverse section of scale from caudal region (area A); 5, vertical longitudinal section of scale from area A; 6, horizontal section through crown base, scale from posterior to ad.fs (area B); 7, mid-crown horizontal section, area B; 8, upper crown horizontal section, area B. 9–16, NMS G.1892.8.9 from Gamrie, Banffshire: 9, complete specimen; 10–16, sections of scales from upper flank area between ad.fs and pd.fs (area A) and lower flank in front of a.fs (area B); 10, calcified cartilage globules, posterior end of area B; 11, horizontal section through scale neck, posterior end of area B; 12, vertical longitudinal section, area A; 13, vertical transverse section, area A; 14, vertical longitudinal section, area A; 15, transverse section, area A; 16, vertical oblique section, area A. Scale bars equal 1 cm in 1, 9; 1 mm in 2-3; 0.1 mm in 4–8, 10–16. Abbreviations: a.fs=anal fin spine; pd.fs=posterior dorsal fin spine. Arrows indicate anterior direction, where relevant.
FIGURE 33 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 33. Reconstructions of Rhadinacanthus longispinus. 1, lateral view. 2, ventral view. Dark grey fill indicates dermal elements, light grey fill indicates endoskeletal elements.
FIGURE 24 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 24. Rhadinacanthus longispinus from Gamrie, Banffshire, general morphology. 1, NMS G.1891.92.338; 2, 3, NHM P.4041 from Gamrie, part and counterpart respectively. Scale bars equal 1 cm.
FIGURE 21 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 21. Diplacanthus tenuistriatus specimens from Achanarras Quarry, Caithness, squamation and scale histology. 1, NMS G.1897.55.2 (Figure 13.1), impression of squamation anterior to base of posterior dorsal fin spine; 2, 3, NMS G.1897.55.1 (Figure 13.2), squamation above the anal fin, scale crown detail partly obscured by matrix; 4–9, NMS G.1897.55.1, serial sections from patch of midflank squamation: 4, 5, vertical transverse section of scale; 6, 7, vertical longitudinal section of scale; 8, vertical longitudinal section of scale; 9, horizontal section near the level of the base/neck rim of scale. Scale bars equal 1 cm in 1; 1 mm in 2–3; 0.1 mm in 4–9. Arrows indicate anterior direction, where relevant.
FIGURE 20 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 20. Reconstruction of the shoulder girdle region in Diplacanthus tenuistriatus. 1, lateral view. 2, ventral view. Dark grey fill indicates dermal elements, light grey fill indicates endoskeletal elements.
FIGURE 30. Rhadinacanthus longispinus median fin spines from mature fish, transverse section drawings. 1, 2, posterior dorsal spine NMS G.2014.4.33 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 30. Rhadinacanthus longispinus median fin spines from mature fish, transverse section drawings. 1, 2, posterior dorsal spine NMS G.2014.4.33 from the slates west of East Murkle Bay, Caithness: 1, spine showing position of sections; 2, sections 1–8. 3, section of posterior dorsal spine NMS G.2014.33.2 from North Ronaldsay. 4, section of anterior dorsal spine NMS G.2014.11.1 from Broad Taing, Orkney. Scale bars equal 1 cm in 1; 5 mm in 2; 1 mm in 3, 4.
FIGURE 19 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 19. Drawings of serial sections through Diplacanthus tenuistriatus shoulder girdle complexes from Marwick, Orkney. 1, schematic drawing of the external view of shoulder girdle complex NMS G.2014.4.21, showing levels at which transverse sections were made. 2, schematic drawing of the inner view of complex NMS G.2014.15.22. A2–F1 is the section series through the admedian spine on NMS G.2014.4.27; I1 is a section through the pectoral fin base enclosed by surrounding plates on NMS G.2014.4.27; I2, J2B, and J2A are sections through the admedian spine, pinnal plate, pectoral fin, base of scapulocoracoid and perichondral bone of the coracoid of NMS G.2014.4.20; 10A and 10B are sections through the girdle complex NMS G.2014.4.23; K2, L1, M2 and O1 are serial sections through the scapulocoracoid and associated structures of NMS G.2014.20.20. Scale bars equal 5 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: adm.s=admedian spine; pch.b=perichondral bone layer; p.fs=pectoral fin spine; p.p=pinnal plate; sc=scales; scap=scapula; scap.c=central pulp cavity of scapula shaft. Length given for each spine.
FIGURE 18. Diplacanthus tenuistriatus isolated shoulder girdle complexes. 1–4, NMS G.2014.15.21 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 18. Diplacanthus tenuistriatus isolated shoulder girdle complexes. 1–4, NMS G.2014.15.21 from Marwick, Orkney: 1, external surface of scapulocoracoid, pectoral fin spine, pinnal plate and admedian spine; 2, admedian spine; 3, 4, scale-like ornament on pinnal plate; 5, NMS G.2014.15.22 from Marwick, Orkney, internal surface; 6–9, transverse sections of NMS G.2014.4.20 from Marwick, Orkney: 6, pinnal plate; 7, multiple odontode on plate; 8, scalelike ornament; 9, transverse section through pinnal plate, pectoral fin spine base, scapulocoracoid and perichondral bone sheet; 10, 11, NMS G.2014.4.27 from Flashes, Hoy, Orkney, transverse section through base of admedian spine and inner perichondral bone sheet; 10, whole width; 11, scale-like ornament in groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm in 1, 5; 5.0 mm in 2; 1.0 mm in 3, 4, 6; 0.5 mm in 9, 10; 0.1 mm in 7, 8, 11; 0.05 mm in 4.
FIGURE 16. Diplacanthus tenuistriatus fin spine histology. 1–4, pectoral spine NMS G.2014.7.36 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 16. Diplacanthus tenuistriatus fin spine histology. 1–4, pectoral spine NMS G.2014.7.36 from Marwick, Orkney; 1–4, transverse section through the pectoral spine and the posterior end of the pinnal plate; 5, 6, anterior dorsal spine NMS G.2014.7.35 from Marwick Orkney: midspine transverse section. 7, NMS G.2014.33.1, midspine transverse section of anterior dorsal spine from North Ronaldsay, Orkney. Scale bars equal 1 mm in 1, 2, 5, 7; 0.1 mm in 3, 4, 6.
FIGURE 38 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 38. 'Life' reconstructions of: 1, Diplacanthus crassisimus, 2, Diplacanthus tenuistriatus, and 3, Rhadinacanthus longispinus.
FIGURE 28. Rhadinacanthus longispinus paired and anal spines histology. 1–5 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 28. Rhadinacanthus longispinus paired and anal spines histology. 1–5, sections of spines on articulated fish NMS G.2014.4.32 from Achanarras; 1, transverse section of pectoral fin spine just distal to insertion area; 2, more distal transverse section of pectoral fin spine; 3, 4, longitudinal section of proximal half of anal fin spine; 5, longitudinal section of distal half of pelvic fin spine; 6, 7, NMS G.2014.44.1 from Cromarty, Ross and Cromarty, section through partial articulated specimen; 6, transverse section of pelvic fin spine; 7, transverse section of prepelvic spine. Scale bars equal 1 cm in 3; 0.5 mm in 1–2, 5–7; 0.1 mm in 4.
FIGURE 37. Rhadinacanthus longispinus NMS G.2014.44.1 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 37. Rhadinacanthus longispinus NMS G.2014.44.1 from Cromarty, Ross and Cromarty, scale histology. 1, vertical transverse section; 2, vertical transverse section; 3, vertical longitudinal section; 4, oblique vertical section; 5, vertical section of double scale; 6, vertical longitudinal section. Scale bars equal 0.1 mm. Arrows indicate anterior direction, where relevant.
FIGURE 36. Rhadinacanthus longispinus NMS G.2014.4.32 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 36. Rhadinacanthus longispinus NMS G.2014.4.32 from Achanarras Quarry, Caithness, scale histology. 1, articulated squamation from midflank area; 2–6, thin sections of midflank scales: 2, oblique vertical section; 3, magnified view of central crown of the same scale; 4, horizontal section of crown; 5, oblique vertical section; 6, oblique vertical section. Scale bars equal 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ac=ascending canal; cW=canal of Williamson; gz=growth zones; hc=horizontal canal; w=neck swelling. Arrows indicate anterior direction, where relevant.
FIGURE 35 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 35. Rhadinacanthus longispinus, scanning electron micrographs of scales. 1–4, scales slide NMS G.1892.8.17.1 from Gamrie, Banffshire: 1, 2, crown view of patch of articulated scales, and closeup of scale; 3, lateral view; 4, anterior view. 5–7, scales slide NMS G.1870.14.143.1 from Gamrie, Banffshire: 5, laterocrown view; 6, lateral view; 7, scales from each side of body, stuck together base to base, in posterior view. 8–12, scales slide NMS G.1892.8.15.1 from Gamrie, Banffshire: 8, crown view; 9, crown view; 10, basal view; 11, lateral view; 12, anterior view. Scale bars equal 0.3 mm. White adhesions on scale bases are pyrite crystals. Arrows indicate anterior.
FIGURE 32. Rhadinacanthus longispinus. 1-2, NMS G.1966.49.9 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 32. Rhadinacanthus longispinus. 1-2, NMS G.1966.49.9 from Orkney, pectoral region and head; 3-4, NMS G.1891.92.334 from Orkney, pectoral region and head; 5–7, isolated scapula NMS G.2014.15.2 from Marwick: 5,?medial view; 6,?lateral view, with 7, area with remnants of pinnal plate fused to scapula base. Scale bars equal 1 cm. Abbreviations: adm.s=admedian spine; lt.sc=left scapula; lt.p.fs= left pectoral fin spine; p.p=pinnal plate; rt.p.fs=right pectoral fin spine; rt.sc=right scapula.
FIGURE 17 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 17. Drawings of transverse sections through Diplacanthus tenuistriatus pectoral and anterior dorsal fin spines. 1, 2, pectoral fin spine NMS G.2014.7.36 from Marwick, Orkney: 1, through pectoral spine and posterior end of pinnal plate; 2, slightly distal to the latter section; 3, 4, anterior dorsal fin spine NMS G.2014.7.35 from Marwick, Orkney; 3, midspine; 4, slightly proximal to latter section. Scale bars equal 1 mm. Abbreviations: cc=central pulp canal; e=enameloid; gl=growth line; ost=osteodentine; p.p=pinnal plate; uc=upper longitudinal canal. Arrows point to junction between pectoral fin spine and pinnal plate.
FIGURE 40 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 40. Strict consensus relationship tree generated in phylogenetic analysis of selected early gnathostomes (77 taxa, 262 characters).
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