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Fig. 13 in Mississippian colonial tabulate and rugose corals from the Flett Formation, Liard Basin, northwest Canada

Fig. 13. Rugose coral Cordilleria aff. oculinum (Sando, 1963), from Meilleur Member, Flett Formation (Mississipian), Rundle Group, Liard Basin, Northwest Territories, Canada (A, C, F), Tlogotsho Member, Tlett Formation (Mississippian), Rundle Group, Liard Basin, Northwest Territories, Canada B, D), and upper Prophet Formation (Mississippian), Roundle Group, Northwest Territories, Canada (E). A. C-52268 = GSC-142473, locality 2 (Fig. 2); transverse thin section (A1), longitudinal thin section (A2). B. IG-16 = UAM-Tc.Can./5 B-D, locality 3 (Fig. 2); longitudinal section, peel (B1), transverse thin section (B2). C. IG-85 = UAM-Tc.Can./6, locality 3 (Fig. 2); longitudinal section (peel). D. IG-30 = UAM-Tc.Can./7, locality 3 (Fig. 2); longitudinal section, peel (D1), transverse thin section (D2). E. C-52205 = GSC-142472, locality 2 (Fig. 2); transverse thin section. F. C-52361 = GSC-142474, locality 13 (Fig. 2); transverse thin section.

Fig. 12 in Mississippian colonial tabulate and rugose corals from the Flett Formation, Liard Basin, northwest Canada

Fig. 12. Variation in septal number and corallite diameters in colonies of rugose coral Cordilleria aff. oculinum (Sando, 1963) and holotypes of Cordilleria oculina (Sando, 1963) and Cordilleria warreni (Nelson, 1960) added for comparison. Data for C. oculina after Sando (1963: part of fig. 1); for C. warreni after Nelson (1960: pl. 24: 11).

Fig. 10 in Mississippian colonial tabulate and rugose corals from the Flett Formation, Liard Basin, northwest Canada

Fig. 10. Variation in septal number and corallite diameters of rugose coral Cordilleria aff. mutabile (Kelly, 1942) and the holotype colony of Cordilleria mutabile (Kelly, 1942) added for comparison. Large differences in that character between colonies comparable to that noted by Sando (1963: fig. 1) in "Lithostrotion (Siphonodendron) oculinum" (Sando, 1963) = Cordilleria oculina (Sando, 1963) (see Fig. 12).

Fig. 9 in Mississippian colonial tabulate and rugose corals from the Flett Formation, Liard Basin, northwest Canada

Fig. 9. Rugose corals Cordilleria aff. mutabile (Kelly, 1942), from Flett Formation (Mississipian), Rundle Group, Liard Basin, Northwest Territories, Canada. A. C-52124 = GSC142471, locality 3 (Fig. 2); longitudinal thin sections (A1, A2), transverse thin section (A3). B. C-47930 = GSC-142469, locality 14 (Fig. 2), Flett Formation undivided; longitudinal sections, peels (B1–B3), transverse thin section (B4). Note in B1 steeply arranged tabulae when pseudocolumella present (black arrow), flat tabulae when pseudocolumella absent (white arrow).

Fig. 8. Tabulate corals Michelinia expansa White, 1883, from locality 3 in Mississippian colonial tabulate and rugose corals from the Flett Formation, Liard Basin, northwest Canada

Fig. 8. Tabulate corals Michelinia expansa White, 1883, from locality 3 (Fig. 2), Meilleur Member, Flett Formation (Viséan, Mississipian), Rundle Group, Liard Basin, Northwest Territories, Canada. Transverse thin sections unless stated otherwise. A. IG-91-2 = UAM-Tc.Can./3; A1, fragment of colony; A2, longitudinal section (peel) of offsetting corallite; showing pores (arrows). B. IG-17 = UAM-Tc.Can./1; B1, drawing on peel image of longitudinal section of corallites in different growth stage; showing pores (grey arrows) and apparent absence of pore resulting from eccentric section (black arrow); B2, fragment of a colony. C. IG-91-1 = UAM-Tc.Can./2, different growth stages; C1, very early growth stage of offset surrounded by thick, solid wall; C2, very early growth stage of offset; showing P2 pores (black arrows) and overgrown pores? (white arrows); note differentiated thickness of partitions; C3, two offsets adjacent to one another with first dissepiments developed; C4, very early growth stage of offset with two P1 pores open to two adjacent mature corallites; C5, partitions differentiated in thickness, showing P2 pores (arrow).

Fig. 1 in Mississippian colonial tabulate and rugose corals from the Flett Formation, Liard Basin, northwest Canada

Fig. 1. Map showing location of study area, Carboniferous lithofacies assemblages subcropping beneath Permian and Mesozoic deposits in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, principal sub-basins, uplifts, and shelves. In the Liard Basin western occurrences of the Rundle and Matson lithofacies assemblages overlie and pass westwards into the Besa River lithofacies assemblage. See Fig. 3 for the formational composition of the Banff, Rundle, and Mattson lithofacies assemblages. Modified from Richards et al. (1994).

Fig. 7. Tabulate coral Michelinia expansa White, 1883 in Mississippian colonial tabulate and rugose corals from the Flett Formation, Liard Basin, northwest Canada

Fig. 7. Tabulate coral Michelinia expansa White, 1883. IG-91-1 = UAM-Tc.Can./2, from locality 3 (Fig. 2), Meilleur Member, Fleet Formation (middle Viséan, Mississipian), Rundle Group, Liard Basin, Northwest Territories, Canada. A1, thin section of colony, transverse in most part and longitudinal at colony edge; A2, immature corallite, note remnants of wall microstructure, arrow points to P1 pore; A3, septal spines attached to tabula; A4, pores P1 and P 2 situated close to each other (arrows).

Fig. 6 in Mississippian colonial tabulate and rugose corals from the Flett Formation, Liard Basin, northwest Canada

Fig. 6. Stratigraphic column of type section of Viséan Flett Formation at Jackfish Gap on Yohin Ridge, eastern Cordillera, southwest corner of Northwest Territories. Shows lithostratigraphic positions of coral collections discussed in this paper. Abbreviations: Fm., Formation. Stratigraphic column modified from Richards et al. (1989: fig. 24).

Fig. 3. A in Mississippian colonial tabulate and rugose corals from the Flett Formation, Liard Basin, northwest Canada

Fig. 3. A. Partly schematic, palinspastic stratigraphic cross-section A–A' showing stratigraphic relationships of Flett Formation in eastern Cordillera of northern part of project area in southwest corner of Northwest Territories and southeast Yukon. B. Environments of deposition. See Fig. 2 for line of cross-section A–A'. Abbreviations: Fm., Formation (formal unit); fm., formation (informal unit); Mbr., Member (formal unit). Modified from Richards et al. (1989).

Fig. 2 in Mississippian colonial tabulate and rugose corals from the Flett Formation, Liard Basin, northwest Canada

Fig. 2. Simplified geological map of study region showing distribution of outcrops of Carboniferous Prophet, Flett, and Mattson formations in southwest corner of Northwest Territories and southeast Yukon Territory and lines of cross-section A–A' and B–B' (see Figs. 4, 5 for details). Surface and subsurface sections (coral localities are in orange): 1, Twisted Mountain; 2, north end Mattson anticline; 3, Jackfish Gap (main coral locality); 4, Tlogotsho Plateau; 5, Etanda Lakes; 6, Tika Creek; 7, Pan American Home Signal C.S.P. Celibeta Number 7; 8, Texaco N.F.A. Bovie Lake J-72; 9, Pan American A-1 Pointed Mountain P-53; 10, Canada Southern et al. North Beaver River YT 1-27; 11, Pan American Beaver YT G-01; 12, West Flett anticline; 13, Southern Liard Range; 14, Sheaf Cree. Abbreviations: Fm., Formation (formal unit); fm., formation (informal unit); fms., formations; S., south; W., west; YT, Yukon Territory; C.S.P., Canada Southern Petroleum. Modified from Harker (1963) and an unpublished map by Andrew Okulitch from 2005 (reproduced with permission).

Fig. 4. A in Mississippian colonial tabulate and rugose corals from the Flett Formation, Liard Basin, northwest Canada

Fig. 4. A. Partly schematic, palinspastic stratigraphic cross-section showing stratigraphic relationships of Flett Formation in southern part of project area. B. Environments of deposition. See Fig. 2 for line of cross-section B–B'. Abbreviations: Fm., Formation (formal unit); fm., formation (informal unit); Mbr., Member (formal unit); mbr., member (informal unit); YT, Yukon Territory; C.S.P., Canada Southern Petroleum. Modified from Richards et al. (1994).

Fig. 6 in Mississippian chondrichthyan fishes from the area of Krzeszowice, southern Poland

Fig. 6. Ichthyoliths from the upper Viséan of Czerna, Poland (A–K) and the Tournaisian of Czatkowice, Poland (L–R). A–C. Ctenacanthoid scales. A. ZPAL P. IV/311 in basal view. B. ZPAL P. IV/312 in lateral view. C. ZPAL P. IV/313 in coronal view. D. Hybodontoid scale, ZPAL P. IV/314 in lateral (D1) and coronal (D2) views. E–G, K. Actinopterygian scales. E. ZPAL P. IV/316 in external view. F. ZPAL P. IV/315 in basal view. G. ZPAL P. IV/317 in external view. K. ZPAL P. IV/244 in external view. H, J. Actinopterygian teeth. H. ZPAL P. IV/318 in lingual view. J. ZPAL P. IV/319 in lateral view. I. Actinopterygian vertebra, ZPAL P. IV/320. L. Fragment of actinopterygian jaw, MWGUW/Ps/13/11 in oral view. M–O. Chondrichthyan symmoriiform?) branchial denticles. M. MWGUW/Ps/13/12 in coronal view. N. MWGUW/Ps/13/13 in lateral view. O. MWGUW/Ps/13/14 in coronal O1) and lateral (O2) views. P, Q. Problematic chondrichthyan? denticles. P. MWGUW/Ps/13/15 in labial view. Q. MWGUW/Ps/13/16 in lingual view. R. Acanthodian scale, MWGUW/Ps/13/17 in coronal/lateral view.

Fig. 5 in Mississippian chondrichthyan fishes from the area of Krzeszowice, southern Poland

Fig. 5. Chondrichthyan fish teeth from the upper Viséan of Czerna, Poland. A, B. Cladodontomorphi indet. 1. A. ZPAL P. IV/255 in labial (A1) and basal (A2) views. B. ZPAL P. IV/306, small specimen with a broken piece lying nearby in lingual (B1) and oral (B2) views. C. Ctenacanthidae indet., ZPAL P. IV/307 in oral (C1) and labial (C2) views. D. Cladodontomorphi indet. 2, ZPAL P. IV/308 in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and oral (D3) views. E. Cassisodus sp., ZPAL P. IV/309 in oral (D1) and lingual (D2) views. F. Cassisodus sp., ZPAL P. IV/232 in lingual (E1) and oral (E2) views.

Fig. 4 in Mississippian chondrichthyan fishes from the area of Krzeszowice, southern Poland

Fig. 4. Teeth of falcatid chondrichthyan fishes from the upper Viséan of Czerna, Poland. A–C. Denaea wangi Wang, Jin, and Wang, 2004. A. ZPAL P. IV/303 in lingual (A1) and basal (A2) views. B. ZPAL P. IV/304 in labial (B1) and oral (B2) views. C. ZPAL P. IV/305 in labial (C1) and oral (C2) views. D, E. Falcatidae indet. 2. D. ZPAL P. IV/226 in lateral (D1), labial (D2), oral (D3), and lingual (D4) views. E. ZPAL P. IV/217 in labial (E1), lingual (E2), and oral (E3) views.

Fig. 3 in Mississippian chondrichthyan fishes from the area of Krzeszowice, southern Poland

Fig. 3. Chondrichthyan fish teeth from the Tournaisian of Czatkowice, Poland. A. Jalodus sp., MWGUW/Ps/13/2, in lingual (A1) and oral (A2) views. B–H. Falcatidae indet. 1. B. MWGUW/Ps/13/3, small seven-cuspid specimen in lateral (B1), labial (B2), oral (B3), and lingual (B4) views. C–F. Large five-cuspid specimens. C. MWGUW/Ps/13/4 in lingual (C1), oral (C2), and labial (C3) views. D. MWGUW/Ps/13/5 in oral (D1) and lingual (D2) views. E. MWGUW/Ps/13/6 in oral view. F. MWGUW/Ps/1/221 in lingual (F1) and oral (F2)views. G. MWGUW/Ps/13/7, large seven-cuspid specimen in basal/ labial view. H. MWGUW/Ps/13/8, large five-cuspid specimen without the intermediate cusplets in lingual (H1) and labial (H2) views. I. Protacrodontidae indet., MWGUW/Ps/13/9, in oral (I1) and lingual (I2) views.

Fig. 2 in Mississippian chondrichthyan fishes from the area of Krzeszowice, southern Poland

Fig. 2. Teeth of chondrichthyan fish Thrinacodus ferox (Turner, 1982) from the upper Viséan of Czerna, Poland (A, B) and the Tournaisian of Czatkowice, Poland (C–F). A. ZPAL P. IV/301, in labial (A1) and oral (A2) views. B. ZPAL P. IV/302 in oral view. C. MWGUW/Ps/13/1 in lingual (C1), labial (C2), oral (C3), and lateral (C4) views. D. MWGUW/Ps/1/212, subsymmetrical, parasymphysial (?) tooth in lingual (D1), labial (D2), and lateral (D3) views. E. MWGUW/Ps/1/214 in lateral view. F. MWGUW/Ps/1/213 in basal view.

Fig. 1. A in Mississippian chondrichthyan fishes from the area of Krzeszowice, southern Poland

Fig. 1. A. Position of the study area (square) against the outline of Poland and Vistula River. B. Approximate positions of the studied samples: sample A from Czatkowice Quarry (arrow) and Cz-1 from Czerna (asterisk); black lines, paved roads, open square with a cross, Carmelites' Monastery. C. Close-up of the area at NW Czerna (marked in B) showing the outcrops of Mississippian limestone accessible around 1970; asterisk, possible position of sample Cz-1; from Zajączkowski (1975), modified.

Fig. 7 in Mississippian chondrichthyan fishes from the area of Krzeszowice, southern Poland

Fig. 7. Comparative drawings of selected falcatid species from the upper Mississippian with a few diagnostic morphological terms. A. The holotype of "Stethacanthus" gansuensis Wang, Jin, and Wang, 2004 (IVPP V 13666.1) from the Serpukhovian of Qilian Mountain, Gansu, China, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. Denaea cf. fournieri (ZPAL P. IV/221) from the Viséan of Todowa Grząba, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. The holotype of Denaea wangi Wang, Jin, and Wang, 2004 (IVPP V 13668.1) from the Serpukhovian of Qilian Mountain, Gansu, China, in labial (C1) and lingual (C2) views. A, C modified from Wang et al. (2004).

Fig. 8 in Mississippian chondrichthyan fishes from the area of Krzeszowice, southern Poland

Fig. 8. Pie-diagrams illustrating relative abundances of teeth representing groups of chondrichthyan taxa in five Mississippian assemblages. A. Sample Cz-1 from the upper Viséan of Czerna near Kraków, Poland (this paper). B. Sample TG-D from the upper Viséan of Todowa Grząba, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland (Ginter et al. 2015). C. The assemblage from the Surprise Canyon Formation, middle member, Serpukhovian, Grand Canyon, Northern Arizona, USA (Hodnett and Elliott 2018). D. Sample MH-1 from the Tournaisian of Muhua, South China (Ginter and Sun 2007). E. The assemblage from the Kilbride Limestone Formation, upper Tournaisian, Nobber, Ireland (Duncan 2003, 2004, 2006). Note the predominance of falcatid teeth at Czerna and Todowa Grząba and great abundance of crushing teeth (Euselachii + Euchondrocephali) at Muhua and Kilbride. N, total number of specimens.