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Dataset results
402 results for “MtDNA”
Hiding in plain sight: The biomolecular identification of pinniped use in medieval manuscripts – MALDI and mtDNA data set
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An inherited mtDNA mutation remodels inflammatory cytokine responses in macrophages and in vivo
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FIGURES 14–20 in COI mtDNA barcoding and morphology for species delimitation in the spider genus Ixchela Huber (Araneae: Pholcidae), with the description of two new species from Mexico
FIGURES 14–20. Ixchela zapatai sp. nov. Male: 14–15, Habitus, lateral and dorsal views, respectively. 16, Carapace and chelicerae, frontal view. 17, Chelicerae, frontal view. 18, Chelicerae, lateral view. 19–20, Left palp, prolateral and retrolateral views, respectively. FAC, frontal apophysis of chelicerae, PAB: prolateroventral apophysis of bulb, VPP, ventrobasal protuberance of procursus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 17, 18), 1 mm (Figs 16, 19, 20), 2 mm (Figs 14, 15).
FIGURES 25–30. 25–28 in COI mtDNA barcoding and morphology for species delimitation in the spider genus Ixchela Huber (Araneae: Pholcidae), with the description of two new species from Mexico
FIGURES 25–30. 25–28, Living specimens (females) of Ixchela zapatai sp. nov. from type locality. 29–30, Temperate pine-oak forest at 2399 m.a.s.l. at the type locality (red arrow indicates the microhabitat where the specimens of I. zapatai sp. nov were collected).
FIGURES 3–9 in COI mtDNA barcoding and morphology for species delimitation in the spider genus Ixchela Huber (Araneae: Pholcidae), with the description of two new species from Mexico
FIGURES 3–9. Ixchela panchovillai sp. nov. Male: 3–4, Habitus, lateral and dorsal views, respectively. 5, Carapace and chelicerae, frontal view. 6, Chelicerae, frontal view. 7, Chelicerae, lateral view. 8–9, Left palp, prolateral and retrolateral views, respectively. PAB: prolateroventral apophysis of bulb, SAC: sclerotized apophysis of chelicerae, VAF: ventrodistal apophysis of femur, VPP, ventrobasal protuberance of procursus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Figs 6, 7), 1 mm (Figs 5, 8, 9), 2 mm (Figs 3, 4).
FIGURE 3 in Morphological and mtDNA data reveal broader distribution of Alburnoides holciki (Teleostei: Leuciscidae) in inland waters of Central Asia
FIGURE 3. BI consensus tree based on the COI barcode gene fragment of A. holciki and allies. Numbers at nodes represent Bayesian posterior probabilities/bootstrap values. Scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site.
FIGURE 2 in Morphological and mtDNA data reveal broader distribution of Alburnoides holciki (Teleostei: Leuciscidae) in inland waters of Central Asia
FIGURE 2. Variation in body shape and coloration among individuals of A. holciki from the Amu Darya basin: A) Vakhsh River; B) Kafirnigan River; C) Zeravshan River. All individuals were COI barcoded. Scale bar is 10 mm.
mtDNA from consensus motif paper
<p>Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) dataset from https://sites.google.com/site/consensusmotifs/ as backup for tutorial on consensus motifs</p>
Data from: Phylogeny of salmonids (salmoniformes: Salmonidae) and its molecular dating: analysis of mtDNA data
Phylogenetic relationships among 41 species of salmonid fish and some aspects of their diversification-time history were studied using the GenBank and original mtDNA data. The position of the root of the Salmonidae phylogenetic tree was uncertain. Among the possible variants, the most reasonable seems to be that in which thymallins are grouped into the same clade as coregonins and the lineage of salmonins occupied a basal position relative to this clade. The genera of Salmoninae formed two distinct clades, i.e., (Brachymystax, Hucho) and (Salmo, Parahucho, (Salvelinus, (Parasalmo, Oncorhynchus)). Furthermore, the genera Parasalmo and Oncorhynchus were reciprocally monophyletic. The congruence of Salmonidae phylogenetic trees obtained using different types of phylogenetic markers is discussed. According to Bayesian dating, ancestral lineages of salmonids and their sister esocoids diverged about 106 million years ago. Sometime after, probably 100–70 million years ago, the salmonid-specific whole genome duplication took place. The divergence of salmonid lineages on the genus level occurred much later, within the time interval of 42–20 million years ago. The main wave of the diversification of salmonids at the species level occurred during the last 12 million years. The possible effect of genome duplication on the Salmonidae diversification pattern is discussed.
Data from: Evolutionary neutrality of mtDNA introgression: evidence from complete mitogenome analysis in roe deer
Introgressive hybridization offers a unique platform for studying the molecular basis of natural selection acting on mitogenomes. Most of the mtDNA protein-coding genes are extremely conserved; however, some of the observed variations have potentially adaptive significance. Here, we evaluated whether the evolution of mtDNA in closely related roe deer species affected by widespread mtDNA introgression is neutral or adaptive. We characterized and compared 16 complete mitogenomes of European (Capreolus capreolus) and Siberian (C. pygargus) roe deer, including four of Siberian origin introgressed into European species. The average sequence divergence of species-specific lineages was estimated at 2.8% and varied across gene classes. Only 21 of 315 fixed differences identified in protein-coding genes represented nonsynonymous changes. Only three of them were determined to have arisen in the C. pygargus lineage since the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of both Capreolus species, reflecting a decelerated evolutionary ratio. The almost four-fold higher dN/dS ratio described for the European roe deer lineage is constrained by overall purifying selection, especially pronounced in the ND4 and ND5 genes. We suggest that the highly divergent C. capreolus lineage could have maintained a capability for genomic incorporation of the well-preserved and almost ancestral type of mtDNA present in C. pygargus. Our analyses did not indicate any signs of positive selection for Siberian roe deer mtDNA, suggesting that the present widespread introgression is evolutionarily neutral.
Data from: Unexpected population genetic structure of European roe deer in Poland: an invasion of the mtDNA genome from Siberian roe deer
Introgressive hybridization is a widespread evolutionary phenomenon which may lead to increased allelic variation at selective-neutral loci and to transfer of fitness-related traits to introgressed lineages. We inferred the population genetic structure of the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Poland from mitochondrial (CR and cyt b) and sex-linked markers (ZFX, SRY, DBY4 and DBY8). Analyses of CR mtDNA sequences from 452 individuals indicated widespread introgression of Siberian roe deer (C. pygargus) mtDNA in the European roe deer genome, 2000 km from the current distribution range of C. pygargus. Introgressed individuals constituted 16.6% of the deer studied. Nearly 75% of them possessed haplotypes belonging to the group which arose 23 kyr ago and have not been detected within the natural range of Siberian roe deer, indicating that majority of present introgression has ancient origin. Unlike the mtDNA results, sex-specific markers did not show signs of introgression. Species distribution modelling analyses suggested that C. pygargus could have extended its range as far west as Central Europe after LGM. The main hybridization event was probably associated with range expansion of the most abundant European roe deer lineage from western refugia and took place in Central Europe after the Younger Dryas (10.8–10.0 ka BP). Initially introgressed mtDNA variants could have spread out on the wave of expansion through the mechanism of gene surfing, reaching high frequencies in European roe deer populations and leading to observed asymmetrical gene flow. Human-mediated introductions of C. pygargus had minimal effect on the extent of mtDNA introgression.
Data from: Introgression of mtDNA in Urosaurus lizards: historical and ecological processes
Introgression of mtDNA appears common in animals but the implications of acquiring a novel mitochondrial genome are not well known. This study investigates mito-genome introgression between the lizard species Urosaurus graciosus, a thermal specialist, and U. ornatus, a species that occupies a wider range of thermal environments. As ectotherms, their metabolic rate is strongly influenced by the thermal environment; with mitochondria being linked to metabolic rates, overall energy budgets could be impacted by introgression. I use mitochondrial gene trees, inferred from Bayesian analyses of Cyt-B and ND1 gene sequences, along with morphology and microsatellites from nineteen populations of these two species to address if the direction and location of mito-nuclear discordance match predictions of introgression resulting from past population expansions. MtDNA is expected to move from resident species into expanding or invading species. Second, does having a heterospecific form of mitochondria impact body size, a trait strongly associated with fitness? Multiple independent introgression events of historic origin were detected. All introgression was unidirectional with U. ornatus-type mtDNA found in U. graciosus parental type individuals. This result was consistent with population expansions detected in U. graciosus but not U. ornatus. Females with heterospecific mtDNA were significantly smaller than homospecific forms and heterospecific males had a different relationship of body mass to body length than those with homospecific mtDNA. These changes indicate a potential selective disadvantage for individuals with heterospecific mitochondria and are consistent with the theoretical expectation that deleterious alleles are more likely to persist in expanding populations.
Data from: Species mtDNA genetic diversity explained by infrapopulation size in a host-symbiont system
Understanding what shapes variation in genetic diversity among species remains a major challenge in evolutionary ecology, and it has been seldom studied in parasites and other host-symbiont systems. Here, we studied mtDNA variation in a host-symbiont non-model system: 418 individual feather mites from 17 feather mite species living on 17 different passerine bird species. We explored how a surrogate of census size, the median infrapopulation size (i.e., the median number of individual parasites per infected host individual), explains mtDNA genetic diversity. Feather mite species genetic diversity was positively correlated with mean infrapopulation size, explaining 34% of the variation. As expected from the biology of feather mites, we found bottleneck signatures for most of the species studied but, in particular, three species presented extremely low mtDNA diversity values given their infrapopulation size. Their star-like haplotype networks (in contrast with more reticulated networks for the other species) suggested that their low genetic diversity was the consequence of severe bottlenecks or selective sweeps. Our study shows for the first time that mtDNA diversity can be explained by infrapopulation sizes, and suggests that departures from this relationship could be informative of underlying ecological and evolutionary processes.
Data from: Geographic structure in the Southern Ocean circumpolar brittle star Ophionotus victoriae (Ophiuridae) revealed from mtDNA and single nucleotide polymorphism data
Marine systems have traditionally been thought of as "open" with few barriers to gene flow. In particular, many marine organisms in the Southern Ocean purportedly possess circumpolar distributions that have rarely been well verified. Here, we use the highly abundant and endemic Southern Ocean brittle star Ophionotus victoriae to examine genetic structure and determine whether barriers to gene flow have existed around the Antarctic continent. Ophionotus victoriae possesses feeding planktotrophic larvae with presumed high dispersal capability, but a previous study revealed genetic structure along the Antarctic Peninsula. To test the extent of genetic differentiation within O. victoriae, we sampled from the Ross Sea through the eastern Weddell Sea. Whereas two mitochondrial DNA markers (16S rDNA and COI) were employed to allow comparison to earlier work, a 2b-RAD single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) approach allowed sampling of loci across the genome. Mitochondrial data from 414 individuals suggested three major lineages, but 2b-RAD data generated 1,999 biallelic loci that identified four geographically distinct groups from 89 samples. Given the greater resolution by SNP data, O. victoriae can be divided into geographically distinct populations likely representing multiple species. Specific historical scenarios that explain current population structure were examined with approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) analyses. Although the Bransfield Strait region shows high diversity possibly due to mixing, our results suggest that within the recent past, dispersal processes due to strong currents such as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current have not overcome genetic subdivision presumably due to historical isolation, questioning the idea of large open circumpolar populations in the Southern Ocean.
Data from: Circumpolar diversity and geographic differentiation of mtDNA in the critically endangered Antarctic blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia)
The Antarctic blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) was hunted to near extinction between 1904 and 1972, declining from an estimated initial abundance of more than 250,000 to fewer than 400. Here, we describe mtDNA control region diversity and geographic differentiation in the surviving population of the Antarctic blue whale, using 218 biopsy samples collected under the auspices of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) during research cruises from 1990–2009. Microsatellite genotypes and mtDNA sequences identified 166 individuals among the 218 samples and documented movement of a small number of individuals, including a female that traveled at least 6,650 km or 131° longitude over four years. mtDNA sequences from the 166 individuals were aligned with published sequences from 17 additional individuals, resolving 52 unique haplotypes from a consensus length of 410 bp. From this minimum census, a rarefaction analysis predicted that only 72 haplotypes (95% CL, 64, 86) have survived in the contemporary population of Antarctic blue whales. However, haplotype diversity was relatively high (0.968±0.004), perhaps as a result of the longevity of blue whales and the relatively recent timing of the bottleneck. Despite the potential for circumpolar dispersal, we found significant differentiation in mtDNA diversity (FST = 0.032, p<0.005) and microsatellite alleles (FST = 0.005, p<0.05) among the six Antarctic Areas historically used by the IWC for management of blue whales.
FIGURE 4 in Flightless Notaris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Brachycerinae: Erirhinini) in Southwest China: monophyly, mtDNA phylogeography and evolution of habitat associations
FIGURE 4. Type specimens and their labels of two nominative Erirhinini from Southwest China. A–B: Notaris kozlovi, paratype (A) and holotype (B); C: Notaroides brevirostris, holotype.
FIGURE 2. Notaris kozlovi from Southwest China. A in Flightless Notaris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Brachycerinae: Erirhinini) in Southwest China: monophyly, mtDNA phylogeography and evolution of habitat associations
FIGURE 2. Notaris kozlovi from Southwest China. A: V1207 from Mount Emei, Sichuan; B: V2545 from Mount Gongga, Sichuan; C: V5376 from Songpan, Sichuan.
FIGURE 1 in Flightless Notaris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Brachycerinae: Erirhinini) in Southwest China: monophyly, mtDNA phylogeography and evolution of habitat associations
FIGURE 1. Notaris kozlovi from Mount Emei, Sichuan, V4192. A–D: habitus; E–G: aedeagus, tegmen and abdominal sternite 9, ventral (E), right lateral (F), dorsal (G) and right ventro-lateral (H, enlarged).
FIGURE 3. Notaris kozlovi from Southwest China. A in Flightless Notaris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Brachycerinae: Erirhinini) in Southwest China: monophyly, mtDNA phylogeography and evolution of habitat associations
FIGURE 3. Notaris kozlovi from Southwest China. A: V4576 from Mount Haba, Yunnan; B: V6193 from Mount Haba, Yunnan; C: V5377 from Songpan, Sichuan.
FIGURE 6. Maximum Likelihood inference phylogram from Analysis 1 recovering a in Flightless Notaris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Brachycerinae: Erirhinini) in Southwest China: monophyly, mtDNA phylogeography and evolution of habitat associations
FIGURE 6. Maximum Likelihood inference phylogram from Analysis 1 recovering a clade of Notaris + Tournotaris. Terminal labels consist of a taxonomic name (to a genus and/or species), followed by BOLD Sample ID, then by GenBank accession, then by Barcode Index Numbers (BINs, Ratnasingham & Hebert 2013), then by Museum abbreviation. Digits at internodes are bootstrap values from Analysis 1 followed, after a slash, by those from Analysis 2. Habitus images (not to scale) are denoted by abbreviated genus and species letters on the same level with the terminal.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.