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Fig. 1 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 1. The global distributional range of Aspidoscelis dixoni. This species occurs in two areas that are separated by approximately 500 km from which no specimens are known. The two areas are Antelope Pass, Peloncillo Mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico, and Chinati Mountains, Presidio County, Texas. Initialisms are as follows: AZ, Arizona; MX, Mexico; NM, New Mexico; and TX, Texas. Modified from Topo USA 2.0, DeLorme, Yarmouth, Maine (1999).

Fig. 4 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 4. Ventral views (black-and-white) of two of the same lizards shown in figure 3. Upper, hybrid (AMNH R-148141); lower, A. t. punctilinealis (AMNH R-148113). In A. dixoni C (no photograph of ventral view) there is no black on the abdomen or throat, although there may be a few small black dots on the chest.

Fig. 2 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 2. Cherry array with drift fence and pitfall traps, where one of the hybrids was found, Antelope Pass, Peloncillo Mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico. Photo by C.J.C., June 8, 1990.

Fig. 8 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 8. Pattern of morphological distinctiveness expressed by the distribution of canonical variate scores derived from a canonical variate analysis of five meristic characters of 30 specimens of Aspidoscelis from Antelope Pass, Hidalgo County, New Mexico. The specimens include representatives of two species (A. dixoni C and A. t. punctilinealis) and hybrids between them. Note that the three hybrids cluster most closely to their maternal parent.

Fig. 18 in Hybridization Between Parthenogenetic Lizards (Aspidoscelis neomexicana) and Gonochoristic Lizards (Aspidoscelis sexlineata viridis) in New Mexico: Ecological, Morphological, Cytological, and Molecular Context

Fig. 18. Electrophoretic phenotypes of five proteins as expressed on separate gels. PEPA, a dimeric enzyme, for three lizards. LDH1, a tetrameric enzyme, for three lizards. ESTD, a dimeric enzyme, for three lizards. sMDH, a dimeric enzyme, for four lizards. TF, a monomeric enzyme, for six lizards; white dots mark the three isozymes from the hybrid. Letters below gel identify allozymes based on alleles present (table 13). Lanes for individual lizards are labeled beside the gel (with genotype) as follows: I, A. inornata; M, A. tigris marmorata; N, A. neomexicana; NC, A. neomexicana from Conchas Lake; NF, A. neomexicana from Fort Sumner; N 3 S, the hybrid; S, A. sexlineata viridis. Anode is to the right, ^ indicates relative position of sample applications.

Fig. 17 in Hybridization Between Parthenogenetic Lizards (Aspidoscelis neomexicana) and Gonochoristic Lizards (Aspidoscelis sexlineata viridis) in New Mexico: Ecological, Morphological, Cytological, and Molecular Context

Fig. 17. Karyotype of a triploid whiptail lizard (AMNH R151739; 3n 5 69) from Conchas Lake, San Miguel County, New Mexico. This is a hybrid between A. neomexicana 3 A. sexlineata viridis. The three haploid genomes (two rows of chromosomes each) are arranged to illustrate ancestry of the hybrid, as follows: A. tigris marmorata (top) 3 A. inornata (middle), which were inherited from the diploid maternal parent of the hybrid (A. neomexicana), and A. sexlineata viridis (bottom), from the paternal parent. Bar 5 10 mm.

Fig. 16 in Hybridization Between Parthenogenetic Lizards (Aspidoscelis neomexicana) and Gonochoristic Lizards (Aspidoscelis sexlineata viridis) in New Mexico: Ecological, Morphological, Cytological, and Molecular Context

Fig. 16. Pattern of morphological distinctiveness expressed by the distribution of canonical variate scores derived from a linear canonical variate analysis of eight meristic characters in 49 A. neomexicana (Ơ), 26 A. sexlineata viridis (m 5? and M 5 /), 13 A. neomexicana 3 A. sexlineata viridis (v 5? and V 5 /), AMNH 144085 5 UADZ 3272 (3, assigned to the hybrid group as indicated by Walker et al., 1990), OMNH 35109 (1, assigned to the hybrid group as suspected by B.E. Leuck), and 26 A. tesselata C (n) from Conchas Lake, San Miguel County, New Mexico. Ellipses represent the 95% confidence limits of each group.

Fig. 10 in Hybridization Between Parthenogenetic Lizards (Aspidoscelis neomexicana) and Gonochoristic Lizards (Aspidoscelis sexlineata viridis) in New Mexico: Ecological, Morphological, Cytological, and Molecular Context

Fig. 10. Unusual dorsal pattern in OMNH 35109, a putative hybrid female, SVL 69 mm, of Aspidoscelis neomexicana 3 A. sexlineata viridis from South of Clabberhill Ranch (CL1*), Conchas Lake, San Miguel County, New Mexico.

Fig. 9 in Hybridization Between Parthenogenetic Lizards (Aspidoscelis neomexicana) and Gonochoristic Lizards (Aspidoscelis sexlineata viridis) in New Mexico: Ecological, Morphological, Cytological, and Molecular Context

Fig. 9. Life colors in three lizards used in genetic studies. A. Diploid Aspidoscelis neomexicana adult female, AMNH R151740, SVL 72 mm, Cove Campground (CL13), Conchas Lake, San Miguel County, New Mexico. B. Triploid Aspidoscelis neomexicana 3 A. sexlineata viridis hybrid male, AMNH R151739, SVL 74 mm, from South Recreation Area (CL2*), Conchas Lake, San Miguel County, New Mexico. C. Diploid A. sexlineata viridis adult male, AMNH R108142, SVL 69 mm, from Kiowa County, Colorado.

Fig. 3. A in Hybridization Between Parthenogenetic Lizards (Aspidoscelis neomexicana) and Gonochoristic Lizards (Aspidoscelis sexlineata viridis) in New Mexico: Ecological, Morphological, Cytological, and Molecular Context

Fig. 3. A relatively stable topographically and ecologically complex area located north of the Canadian River and east of Conchas Lake Dam as viewed from the south side of the river, San Miguel County, New Mexico. North of Canadian River (CL4); V near middle shows the area with openstructured mesquite, grassesweeds, and junipers along an unpaved road on the upper bench near a precipice from which individuals of Aspidoscelis neomexicana, A. tesselata C, and A. exsanguis, but not A. sexlineata viridis or A. tesselata D, have been collected; lower V shows bench near the river with dense mesquite, grasses, and weeds in which only individuals of A. neomexicana have been observed. The presence of Aspidoscelis neomexicana along the rocky precipice at CL4, from which it flees into the boulders below when threatened, makes this site the most unusual known to us for the species throughout its range.

Fig. 13. Subadult Aspidoscelis neomexicana 3 A in Hybridization Between Parthenogenetic Lizards (Aspidoscelis neomexicana) and Gonochoristic Lizards (Aspidoscelis sexlineata viridis) in New Mexico: Ecological, Morphological, Cytological, and Molecular Context

Fig. 13. Subadult Aspidoscelis neomexicana 3 A. sexlineata viridis hybrids from components of the South Recreation Area (CL2*), Conchas Lake, San Miguel County, New Mexico. A. UADZ 7561?, CL2J*, SVL 49 mm. B. UADZ 7556 /, CL2H*, SVL 49 mm. C. UADZ 7555 /, CL2H*, SVL 47 mm. D. UADZ 7452?, CL2H*, SVL 37 mm. E. UADZ 7448?, CL2H*, SVL 45 mm. F. UADZ 7455 /, CL2C*, SVL 48 mm.

Fig. 11 in Hybridization Between Parthenogenetic Lizards (Aspidoscelis neomexicana) and Gonochoristic Lizards (Aspidoscelis sexlineata viridis) in New Mexico: Ecological, Morphological, Cytological, and Molecular Context

Fig. 11. Adult specimens of Aspidoscelis neomexicana of special significance. A. AMNH R151740 /, SVL 73 mm, from Cove Campground (CL13), Conchas Lake, San Miguel County, New Mexico, used in karyotypic and electrophoretic analyses in this study. B. MSB 65617 /, SVL 79 mm, from Fort Sumner–De Baca County Landfill (FS1), Fort Sumner, De Baca County, New Mexico; first reported specimen of the species from the county (Taylor, 2002). C. AMNH R151741 /, SVL 73 mm, from Fort Sumner–Railroad Depot (FS2), Fort Sumner, De Baca County, New Mexico, used in karyotypic and electrophoretic analyses in this study.

Fig. 8 in Hybridization Between Parthenogenetic Lizards (Aspidoscelis neomexicana) and Gonochoristic Lizards (Aspidoscelis sexlineata viridis) in New Mexico: Ecological, Morphological, Cytological, and Molecular Context

Fig. 8. Four or five generations represented by specimens of Aspidoscelis neomexicana 3 A. sexlineata viridis from South Recreation Area (CL2*), Conchas Lake, San Miguel County, New Mexico, inferred from date of collection and snout–vent length (mm). Some lizards are active at the site from May to October (MJJASO) each year; horizontal line representing each lizard extends from the inferred year and month of hatching to the actual year and month of collection (. 5 younger or older age uncertain).

Fig. 15 in Hybridization Between Parthenogenetic Lizards (Aspidoscelis neomexicana) and Gonochoristic Lizards (Aspidoscelis sexlineata viridis) in New Mexico: Ecological, Morphological, Cytological, and Molecular Context

Fig. 15. Pattern of morphological variation expressed by the distribution of scores on the first two principal components extracted from a correlation matrix of eight meristic characters for 49 A. neomexicana (Ơ), 26 A. sexlineata viridis (m 5? and M 5 /), 13 A. neomexicana 3 A. sexlineata viridis (v 5? and V 5 /), AMNH 144085 5 UADZ 3272 (3, assigned to the hybrid group as indicated by Walker et al., 1990), OMNH 35109 (1, assigned to the hybrid group as suspected by B.E. Leuck), and 26 A. tesselata C (n) from Conchas Lake, San Miguel County, New Mexico. Ellipses represent the 95% confidence limits of each group.

Fig. 14 in Hybridization Between Parthenogenetic Lizards (Aspidoscelis neomexicana) and Gonochoristic Lizards (Aspidoscelis sexlineata viridis) in New Mexico: Ecological, Morphological, Cytological, and Molecular Context

Fig. 14. Comparison of mesoptychial scale size in parental forms and their hybrids. A. UADZ 7318 /, SVL 80 mm, small scales in Aspidoscelis neomexicana. B. UADZ 7464 /, SVL 68 mm, small scales in A. neomexicana. C. UADZ 7396 /, SVL 63 mm, greatly enlarged scales in A. sexlineata viridis. D. UADZ 7553?, SVL 72 mm, enlarged scales in A. neomexicana 3 A. sexlineata viridis. E. UADZ 7554 /, SVL 79 mm, enlarged scales in A. neomexicana 3 A. sexlineata viridis.

Fig. 6 in Hybridization Between Parthenogenetic Lizards (Aspidoscelis neomexicana) and Gonochoristic Lizards (Aspidoscelis sexlineata viridis) in New Mexico: Ecological, Morphological, Cytological, and Molecular Context

Fig. 6. An example of extreme habitat degradation resulting from the activities of man south of Conchas Lake in South Recreation Area (CL2*), San Miguel County, New Mexico. Looking northeast across the Juniper Campground Component (CL2J*) from which individuals of Aspidoscelis neomexicana, A. tesselata C and D, A. exsanguis, A. sexlineata viridis, and A. neomexicana 3 A. sexlineata viridis (including AMNH R151739 used in karyotypic and electrophoretic analyses in this study) have been collected.

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Fig. 1. A. ASTRAL and B. wASTRAL-hybrid species trees for the superfamily Elapoidea from the 50 in Ultraconserved elements-based phylogenomic systematics of the snake superfamily Elapoidea, with the description of a new Afro-Asian family

Fig. 1. A. ASTRAL and B. wASTRAL-hybrid species trees for the superfamily Elapoidea from the 50 % complete dataset, consisting of 4561 loci. Circles on the branch represent a local posterior probability support of 0.95 to 1.0. Abbreviations – AT – Atractaspidinae, CL – Cyclocoridae, EL – Elapidae, LM – Lamprophiinae, MC – Micrelapidae fam. nov., OG – outgroup, PD – Pseudaspidinae, PR – Prosymninae, PS – Psammophiinae, PX – Pseudoxyrhophiinae.