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Characterization and microsatellite marker development for Geosmithia obscura, a common bark and ambrosia beetle associate
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Background. </span></strong><span>S</span><span>ymbioses between <em>Geosmithia</em> fungi and </span><span>wood-boring and bark beetles</span><span> seldom result in disease induction within the plant host. Yet exceptions exist such as <em>Geosmithia</em> <em>morbida</em>, the causal agent of Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) of walnuts and wingnuts and <em>Geosmithia</em> sp. 41, the causal agent of Foamy Bark Canker disease of oaks. Isolates of<em> G. obscura </em>were recovered from black walnut trees in eastern Tennessee and<em> </em>at least one isolate induced cankers following artificial inoculation. Due to the putative pathogenicity and lack of recovery of <em>G. obscura </em>from natural lesions, a molecular diagnostic screening tool was developed using microsatellite markers mined from the <em>G. obscura </em>genome.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Results. </span></strong><span>A total of 3,256 candidate microsatellite markers were identified (2236, 789, 137 di-, tri-, and tetra- motifs were identified, respectively), with 2011, 703, 101 di-, tri-, and tetra- motifs containing markers with primers. From these, 75 microsatellite markers were randomly selected, screened, and optimized, resulting in 28 polymorphic markers that yielded single, consistently recovered bands which were used in downstream analyses. Five of these microsatellite markers were found to be specific to <em>G. obscura </em>and did not cross-amplify into other, closely related species. Although the remaining tested markers could be useful, they cross-amplified within different <em>Geosmithia</em> species, making them not reliable for <em>G. obscura </em>detection.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Conclusion.</span></strong><span> Five novel microsatellite markers (GOBS9, GOBS10, GOBS41, GOBS43, GOBS50) were developed based on <em>G. obscura</em> genome. These species-specific microsatellite markers are available as a tool for use in molecular diagnostics and can assist future surveillance studies.</span></p>
Figure 2 in On the synonymy of Delamarella Chappuis and Latiremus Bo|ic (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Latiremidae), including the description of D. obscura sp. nov. from the Black Sea
Figure 2. Delamarella obscura sp. nov. A, urosome ♂, ventral; B, urosome ♀, ventral.
Characterization and microsatellite marker development for Geosmithia obscura, a common bark and ambrosia beetle associate
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Georgia Coastal Ecosystems site, station Georgia Coastal Ecosystem LTER Study Site 10, Hunt Camp, Sapelo Island, GA, study of animal abundance of Schistocerca obscura in units of numberPer20SquareMeters on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) contains animal abundance of Schistocerca obscura measurements in numberPer20SquareMeters units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Georgia Coastal Ecosystems site, station Georgia Coastal Ecosystem LTER Study Site 1, Eulonia, GA, study of animal abundance of Schistocerca obscura in units of numberPer20SquareMeters on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) contains animal abundance of Schistocerca obscura measurements in numberPer20SquareMeters units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Georgia Coastal Ecosystems site, station Georgia Coastal Ecosystem LTER Study Site 2, Four Mile Island, GA, study of animal abundance of Schistocerca obscura in units of numberPer20SquareMeters on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) contains animal abundance of Schistocerca obscura measurements in numberPer20SquareMeters units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Georgia Coastal Ecosystems site, station Georgia Coastal Ecosystem LTER Study Site 3, North Sapelo, Sapelo Island, GA, study of animal abundance of Schistocerca obscura in units of numberPer20SquareMeters on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) contains animal abundance of Schistocerca obscura measurements in numberPer20SquareMeters units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Georgia Coastal Ecosystems site, station Georgia Coastal Ecosystem LTER Study Site 4, Meridian, GA, study of animal abundance of Schistocerca obscura in units of numberPer20SquareMeters on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) contains animal abundance of Schistocerca obscura measurements in numberPer20SquareMeters units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Georgia Coastal Ecosystems site, station Georgia Coastal Ecosystem LTER Study Site 5, Folly River, GA, study of animal abundance of Schistocerca obscura in units of numberPer20SquareMeters on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) contains animal abundance of Schistocerca obscura measurements in numberPer20SquareMeters units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Georgia Coastal Ecosystems site, station Georgia Coastal Ecosystem LTER Study Site 6, Dean Creek, Sapelo Island, GA, study of animal abundance of Schistocerca obscura in units of numberPer20SquareMeters on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) contains animal abundance of Schistocerca obscura measurements in numberPer20SquareMeters units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Georgia Coastal Ecosystems site, station Georgia Coastal Ecosystem LTER Study Site 9, Rockdedundy Island, GA, study of animal abundance of Schistocerca obscura in units of numberPer20SquareMeters on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) contains animal abundance of Schistocerca obscura measurements in numberPer20SquareMeters units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
FIGURE 4a–k in The larvae of Chinese Hydropsychidae (Insecta: Trichoptera), Part I: Arctopsyche shimianensis, Parapsyche sp. A, and Diplectrona obscura
FIGURE 4a–k. Diplectrona obscura. Larva (possible association)— a. Head, dorsal (with secondary setae on dorsum of left parietal sclerite further enlarged, dorsal aspect); b. head, ventral (with secondary setae on lateroventral side of right parietal sclerite further enlarged, ventral aspect); c. head, left lateral (setae on frontoclypeus not shown); d. pro-, meso-, and metanota, dorsal (with secondary setae on dorsum of pronotum further enlarged, dorsal aspect); e. pro-, meso-, and metanota, left lateral; f. prosternal plate, ventral; g. left foretrochantin, left lateral; h. right fore leg, ventromesal aspect, showing fore femoral process; i. hairs on tergum of abdominal segment II (hl: hair-like setae; ch: club-hairs); j. lateral gills (pleural gills) on left side of abdominal segment V, left lateral; k. ventral plates on sterna VIII and IX.
FIGURE 2a–l. Arctopsyche shimianensis. Larva— a in The larvae of Chinese Hydropsychidae (Insecta: Trichoptera), Part I: Arctopsyche shimianensis, Parapsyche sp. A, and Diplectrona obscura
FIGURE 2a–l. Arctopsyche shimianensis. Larva— a. Head, dorsal; b. head, ventral; c. head, left lateral; d. pro-, meso-, and metanota, dorsal; e. pro-, meso-, and metanota, left lateral (with setae on anterolateral corners of pro- and mesonotum further enlarged: hl: hair-like setae; ch: club-hairs; pl: peg-like setae); f. prosternal plate, ventral; g. base of left fore leg, showing lateral view of prosternal plate and position of foretrochantin, left lateral (with left foretrochantin further enlarged); h. ventral plates on sterna VIII and IX, ventral; i. abdominal hairs on tergum of segment II (hl: hair-like setae; ch: club-hairs); j. ventral gill on right side of mesosternum, anterior aspect with ventral side facing upward; k. ventral and lateral gills on right side of abdominal segment II, anterior aspect with ventral side facing upward; l. lateral (pleural) gills on left side of abdominal segment V, left lateral.
FIGURE 1a–b in The larvae of Chinese Hydropsychidae (Insecta: Trichoptera), Part I: Arctopsyche shimianensis, Parapsyche sp. A, and Diplectrona obscura
FIGURE 1a–b. Larval-adult association of Chinese Arctopsyche, Parapsyche, and Diplectrona— 1a. COI neighborjoining phylogram; 1b. D2 neighbor-joining phylogram. Specimens are labeled with taxonomy, followed by sample ID (corresponding to Table 1) and province location. Specimens of immature life stage are noted at the end (pp: pharate pupa; lv: larva). COI tree is constructed in the BOLD system using Neighbor-joining and K-2-P parameter. D2 tree is constructed in PAUP*4.0b10 using Neighbor-joining and K-2-P parameter. Numbers on the internodes represent the bootstrap values using Neighbor-joining/1000 replicates. Species boundaries recognized in morphology and two DNA sequences are marked in brackets on the right of each DNA tree and noted as haplogroups (HPGP) 1-34 respectively.
FIGURE 3a–m in The larvae of Chinese Hydropsychidae (Insecta: Trichoptera), Part I: Arctopsyche shimianensis, Parapsyche sp. A, and Diplectrona obscura
FIGURE 3a–m. Parapsyche sp. A. Larva— a. Head, dorsal (with secondary setae on dorsum of head further enlarged); b. head, ventral (with secondary setae on ventrolateral head further enlarged); c. head, left lateral (setae and color patterns on frontoclypeus not shown); d. pro-, meso-, and metanota, dorsal (with secondary setae on dorsum of mesonotum further enlarged); e. pro-, meso-, and metanota, left, lateral; f. prosternal plate, ventral; g. left foretrochantin, left lateral; h. ventral plates on abdominal sterna VIII and IX; i. abdominal hairs on tergum of segment II (hl: hair-like setae; ch: club-hairs); j. lateral (pleural) gills on left side of abdominal segment V, left lateral; k. ventral gills on right side of abdominal segments I and II, anterior aspect with ventral side facing upward; l. ventral gills on right side of abdominal segment III, anterior aspect with ventral side facing upward; m. ventral gills on right side of abdominal segments VII and VIII, ventral aspect with caudal orientation placed upward.
FIGURE 6. Testudinella obscura. A–E. Loricae, ventral view. F. lorica, dorsal view. G. Lorica, caudal view. H in A review of the marine and brackish-water species of Testudinella (Rotifera: Monogononta, Testudinellidae), with the description of two new species
FIGURE 6. Testudinella obscura. A–E. Loricae, ventral view. F. lorica, dorsal view. G. Lorica, caudal view. H. Foot pseudosegments. Scale bars: A–G: 50 µm, H: 25 µm.
FIGURES 5–7. Jenynsia obscura, lectotype MSNG 33705 in On two Jenynsia taxa (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) from Argentina, originally placed in the poeciliid genus Xiphophorus
FIGURES 5–7. Jenynsia obscura, lectotype MSNG 33705, line drawing of predorsal series of scales. 6. same specimen, dorsal view. 7. Jenynsia pygogramma, BMNH 1902-5-22-72-81 (4), 30 mm SL, dorsal view.
FIGURES 3–4. 3. Jenynsia obscura, lectotype MSNG 33705, 25.7 in On two Jenynsia taxa (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) from Argentina, originally placed in the poeciliid genus Xiphophorus
FIGURES 3–4. 3. Jenynsia obscura, lectotype MSNG 33705, 25.7 mm SL, lateral view. 4. Jenynsia pygogramma, BMNH 1902-5-22-72-81 (4), 30 mm SL, lateral view.
FIGURE 6 in Description of Poecilia (Acanthophacelus) obscura n. sp., (Teleostei: Poeciliidae), a new guppy species from western Trinidad, with remarks on P. w i n g e i and the status of the " Endler's guppy "
FIGURE 6. Scanning electron microscopy images of female genital pores of (a) P. w i n g e i (Laguna de los Patos), (b) P. reticulata (Caroni Swamp), (c) P. obscura, (Upper Oropuche). Bar represents 200 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Description of Poecilia (Acanthophacelus) obscura n. sp., (Teleostei: Poeciliidae), a new guppy species from western Trinidad, with remarks on P. w i n g e i and the status of the " Endler's guppy "
FIGURE 1. Origins of guppies used in this study from Trinidad and Tobago (a), and mainland South America (b). Stars indicate exactly known collection sites, all other designations are for rivers or areas from which the fish were collected.
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