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98 results for “Omnivore”
Data from: Adaptive contraction of diet breadth affects sexual maturation and specific nutrient consumption in an extreme generalist omnivore
Animals balance their intake of specific nutrients, but little is known about how they do so when foraging in an environment with toxic resources and whether toxic foods promote adaptations that affect life history traits. In German cockroach (Blattella germanica) populations, glucose aversion has evolved in response to glucose-containing insecticidal baits. We restricted newly eclosed glucose averse (GA) and wild type (WT) female cockroaches to nutritionally defined diets varying in protein-to-carbohydrate (P:C) ratio (3:1, 1:1, or 1:3) or gave them free choice of the 3:1 and 1:3 diets, with either glucose or fructose as the sole carbohydrate source. We measured consumption of each diet over six days and then dissected the females to measure the length of basal oocytes in their ovaries. Our results showed significantly lower consumption by GA compared to WT cockroaches when restricted to glucose-containing diets, but also lower fructose intake by GA compared to WT cockroaches when restricted to high fructose diets or given choice of fructose-containing diets. Protein intake was regulated tightly regardless of carbohydrate intake, except by GA cockroaches restricted to glucose-containing diets. Oocyte growth was completely suppressed in GA females restricted to glucose-containing diets, but also significantly slower in GA than in WT females restricted to fructose-containing diets. Our findings suggest that GA cockroaches have adapted to reduced diet breadth through endocrine adjustments which reduce requirements for energetic fuels. Our study illustrates how an evolutionary change in the chemosensory system may affect the evolution of other traits that govern animal life histories.
Data from: Spatiotemporal heterogeneity in prey abundance and vulnerability shapes the foraging tactics of an omnivore
1. Prey abundance and prey vulnerability vary across space and time, but we know little about how they mediate predator-prey interactions and predator foraging tactics. To evaluate the interplay between prey abundance, prey vulnerability, and predator space use, we examined patterns of black bear (Ursus americanus) predation of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) neonates in Newfoundland, Canada using data from 317 collared individuals (9 bears, 34 adult female caribou, 274 caribou calves). 2. During the caribou calving season, we predicted that landscape features would influence calf vulnerability to bear predation, and that bears would actively hunt calves by selecting areas associated with increased calf vulnerability. Further, we hypothesized that bears would dynamically adjust their foraging tactics in response to spatiotemporal changes in calf abundance and vulnerability (collectively, calf availability). Accordingly, we expected bears to actively hunt calves when they were most abundant and vulnerable, but switch to foraging on other resources as calf availability declined. 3. As predicted, landscape heterogeneity influenced risk of mortality, and bears displayed the strongest selection for areas where they were most likely to kill calves, which suggested they were actively hunting caribou. Initially, the per-capita rate at which bears killed calves followed a type-I functional response, but as the calving season progressed and calf vulnerability declined, kill rates dissociated from calf abundance. In support of our hypothesis, bears adjusted their foraging tactics when they were less efficient at catching calves, highlighting the influence that predation phenology may have on predator space use. Contrary to our expectations, however, bears appeared to continue to hunt caribou as calf availability declined, but switched from a tactic of selecting areas of increased calf vulnerability to a tactic that maximized encounter rates with calves. 4. Our results reveal that generalist predators can dynamically adjust their foraging tactics over short time scales in response to changing prey abundance and vulnerability. Further, they demonstrate the utility of integrating temporal dynamics of prey availability into investigations of predator-prey interactions, and move towards a mechanistic understanding of the dynamic foraging tactics of a large omnivore.
Figure 3 in Population density and diet type interactively affect individual growth of an omnivorous soil-dwelling insect (Anomala cuprea, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Figure 3. Temporal changes in the coefficient of variation (CV) of larval fresh weight at two population densities and with two diets. Error bars indicate standard error. See Tab. 3 for details of statistical results.
Data from: Adaptive contraction of diet breadth affects sexual maturation and specific nutrient consumption in an extreme generalist omnivore
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Data from: Spatiotemporal heterogeneity in prey abundance and vulnerability shapes the foraging tactics of an omnivore
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Forbidden fruit: human settlement and abundant fruit create an ecological trap for an apex omnivore
Habitat choice is an evolutionary product of animals experiencing increased fitness when preferentially occupying high-quality habitat. However, an ecological trap (ET) can occur when an animal is presented with novel conditions and the animal's assessment of habitat quality is poorly matched to its resulting fitness. We tested for an ET for grizzly (brown) bears using demographic and movement data collected in an area with rich food resources and concentrated human settlement. We derived measures of habitat attractiveness from occurrence models of bear food resources and estimated demographic parameters using DNA mark–recapture information collected over 8 years (2006–2013). We then paired this information with grizzly bear mortality records to investigate kill and movement rates. Our results demonstrate that a valley high in both berry resources and human density was more attractive than surrounding areas, and bears occupying this region faced 17% lower apparent survival. Despite lower fitness, we detected a net flow of bears into the ET, which contributed to a study-wide population decline. This work highlights the presence and pervasiveness of an ET for an apex omnivore that lacks the evolutionary cues, under human-induced rapid ecological change, to assess trade-offs between food resources and human-caused mortality, which results in maladaptive habitat selection.
Uric Acid Metabolism, Endothelial Function and Oxidative Stress in Vegans and Omnivores.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03849677. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Dietary Nitrate Intake in Vegetarians and Omnivores
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03871777. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
The Effect of a 2-week Preoperative Vegan Diet Versus Omnivorous Diet on the Protein Turnover in the Osteoarthritic Knee
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06130956. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Bone Mineral Density in Israeli Female Vegans and Omnivores
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02369289. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Differences in Eating Frequency Between Vegan and Omnivorous Diets
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02417480. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Nutritional and Metabolic Status of Vegetarian and Omnivorous Portuguese Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05408962. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Assessing Toxic Metal Exposure From Vegetarian/Vegan, Omnivorous, and Low-carb Diets in Israel.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07235332. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Vegan and Omnivorous Diets and Skeletal Muscle Turnover in Healthy Older Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05985369. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Forbidden fruit: human settlement and abundant fruit create an ecological trap for an apex omnivore
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURE 1 in Ultrastructural observation of digestive tract and the adaptative characteristics of dietary habits for ground-dwelling and omnivorous insects
FIGURE 1. VHX digital microscope observation of the digestive tract. A. The digestive tract of Loxoblemmus taicoun; B. The digestive tract of Teleogryllus emma; C. The digestive tract of Velarifictorus micado. The digestive tract consists of the esophagus (Es), crop (Cr), proventriculus (Pv), gastric caecum (Gc), midgut (Mg), ileum (Il), colon (Co) and rectum (Re). The Malpighian tubules (MTs) belongs to the excretory organs.
FIGURE 3 in Ultrastructural observation of digestive tract and the adaptative characteristics of dietary habits for ground-dwelling and omnivorous insects
FIGURE 3. Scanning electron microscope observation of the T. emmas. A–D. Crop. (The long and thin spines on the inner surface of the crop are pointed out with arrows.) E–M. Proventriculus. (ST: Sclerotized lobes; MT: Median tooth; SL: Sclerotized lobes) N–O. Gastric caecum (Gc). P–Q. Midgut. R–T. Ileum. U. Malpighian tubules (MTs). V–W. Colon. X–Y. Rectum.
Diet Quality of Pregnant Women With a Strict Plant-based Diet Versus an Omnivorous Diet
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06046703. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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