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FIGURE 7 in A new species of Polyophthalmus (Annelida, Opheliidae) from the Arabian Gulf with an insight on internal anatomy and diversity of the genus

FIGURE 7. Polyophthalmus zhadanae sp. nov. SEM micrographs of posterior body end showing pygidium in different state of contraction. (A) pygidial tube not contracted (sample P12977; paratype MNCN 16.01/19117); (B) pygidial tube semicontracted (sample P13063; paratype MNCN 16.01/19114); (C) pygidial tube fully contracted (sample P12629; paratype MNCN 16.01/19100); (D) pygidial tube fully contracted (sample P12629; paratype MNCN 16.01/19100). (C) and (D) showing several pygidial papillae enlarged. Abbreviations: CH—chaetiger; pmp—paired marginal papillae.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Polyophthalmus (Annelida, Opheliidae) from the Arabian Gulf with an insight on internal anatomy and diversity of the genus

FIGURE 4. Polyophthalmus zhadanae sp. nov. Stereomicroscope images of fixed specimens from Pole Reef, Saudi Arabia (paratype SMF30263). (A) anterior end, dorsal view (body chaetigers numbered); (B) midbody region, dorsal view; (C) posterior end, dorsal view. Abbreviations: abp—anterior chaetigers pigmentation pattern; mpp—midbody and posterior chaetigers pigmentation pattern.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Polyophthalmus (Annelida, Opheliidae) from the Arabian Gulf with an insight on internal anatomy and diversity of the genus

FIGURE 5. Polyophthalmus zhadanae sp. nov. SEM micrographs of anterior end of several specimens. (A) sample P13063 (paratype MNCN16.01/19114); (B) prostomium, detail of specimen figured in (A); (C) sample P12629 (paratype MNCN 16.01/19100); (D) sample P12977 (paratype MNCN 16.01/19117); (E) sample P12977 (paratype MNCN 16.01/19117); (F) prostomium, detail of specimen figured in (E). Abbreviations: bo—buccal opening; CH—chaetiger; nuo—nuchal organ; po— proboscis opening; ppa—prostomial papilla; pr—prostomium; prb—proboscis.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Polyophthalmus (Annelida, Opheliidae) from the Arabian Gulf with an insight on internal anatomy and diversity of the genus

FIGURE 3. Polyophthalmus zhadanae sp. nov. Stereomicroscope images of live specimens from Kuwait. (A) complete specimen, dorsal view (sample P13418; A. Zhadan leg.); (B) same specimen, anterior end, dorsal view (body chaetigers numbered); (C) complete specimen, dorsal view (no sample number; Al Nuwaiseeb; 05.11.2016); (D–E) same specimen, anterior end, dorsal and ventral view respectively (lateral eyes numbered in (E)). Abbreviations: abp—anterior chaetigers pigmentation pattern; lae—lateral eyes; mpp—midbody and posterior chaetigers pigmentation pattern; nuo—nuchal organ; po—proboscis opening; pr—prostomium; prb—proboscis.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Polyophthalmus (Annelida, Opheliidae) from the Arabian Gulf with an insight on internal anatomy and diversity of the genus

FIGURE 1. (A) Opheliidae species reported in the Arabian Gulf including references; square showing area detailed in (B); (B) location of samples collected in the coast of Kuwait with presence of Polyophthalmus zhadanae sp. nov.; circles showing ranges of abundance; report of Polyophthalmus pictus (Dujardin, 1839) by Mohammad (1971) marked with red circle.

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Data from: The effect of bioturbation by polychaetes (Opheliidae) on benthic foraminiferal assemblages and test preservation

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Figure 8 from: Wiklund H, Neal L, Glover AG, Drennan R, Rabone M, Dahlgren TG (2019) Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae and Travisiidae. ZooKeys 883: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193

Figure 8 Ammotrypanella kersteni sp. nov. holotype (specimen NHM_254). A Lab images, whole specimens, dorsal (upper) and ventral (lower) B Lab image, anterior C Lab image, detail of palpode D Lab image, mid-body parapodia (p = parapodium) E Lab image, detail of parapodium F Lab image, posterior and anal funnel. Morphological features in plates B, D, F have been outlined with a fine white or black line to improve clarity of those features. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, D, F); 100 μm (C, E).

Figure 6 from: Wiklund H, Neal L, Glover AG, Drennan R, Rabone M, Dahlgren TG (2019) Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae and Travisiidae. ZooKeys 883: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193

Figure 6 Ammotrypanella keenani sp. nov. A Lab images, whole specimens (holotype [specimen NHM_1250], post-staining, faded stain [left], paratype NHM_1871, unstained [right]) B Live images, whole specimens (holotype [left], paratype NHM_1871 [right]) C Lab image, prostomium (paratype NHM_1871, damaged, no = everted nuchal organ) D Lab image, prostomium (holotype, p = palpode) E Lab image, detail of palpode (holotype) F Lab image, posterior branchiae (paratype NHM_1871, br = branchiae) G Lab image, posterior branchiae (holotype, br = branchiae) H Live image, anterior (paratype NHM_1871, pp = parapodia, no = nuchal organ) I Lab image, detail of capillary chaetae (holotype) J Lab image, detail of anal funnel, ventro-distal (left) and latero-distal (right) views (holotype, stained, cp = cushioned pad, vc = ventral cirrus). Morphological features in plates C–H, J have been outlined with a fine white line to improve clarity of those features. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, F,G); 100 μm (E, I).

Figure 5 from: Wiklund H, Neal L, Glover AG, Drennan R, Rabone M, Dahlgren TG (2019) Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae and Travisiidae. ZooKeys 883: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193

Figure 5 Ammotrypanella arctica holotype (BMNH 1921.12392). A Whole specimen (fragmented) B Anterior-most fragment C Posterior-most fragment. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B, C).

Figure 31 from: Wiklund H, Neal L, Glover AG, Drennan R, Rabone M, Dahlgren TG (2019) Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae and Travisiidae. ZooKeys 883: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193

Figure 31 Comparison between Travisia sp. NHM_1244 and Travisia zieglerae sp. nov., and holotypes of Travisia glandulosa (BMNH 1921.5.1.2431) and Travisia gravieri (BMNH 1921.5.1.2429). A Lab images, whole specimens (Travisia sp. NHM_1244 specimen NHM_1863 [left], Travisia zieglerae sp. nov. holotype [specimen NHM_1431] [right], stained,) B Lab images, comparison of prostomia (Travisia sp. NHM_1244 specimen NHM_1863 [left], Travisia zieglerae sp. nov. holotype [right], stained) C Lab images, comparison of pygidia (Travisia sp. NHM_1244, specimen NHM_1863 [left], Travisia zieglerae sp. nov. holotype [right], stained) DTravisia glandulosa holotype, with detail of pygidium ETravisia gravieri holotype, with detail of pygidium. Morphological features in plates C–E have been outlined with a very fine white line to improve clarity of those features. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, D, E).

Figure 27 from: Wiklund H, Neal L, Glover AG, Drennan R, Rabone M, Dahlgren TG (2019) Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae and Travisiidae. ZooKeys 883: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193

Figure 27 Oligobregma whaleyi sp. nov. holotype (specimen NHM_822). A Lab (upper) and live (lower) images, whole specimens [lab image] B Lab image, mid-body segments and annulation C Lab image, ventral midbody (vm = ventral midline) D Live (left) and lab (right) images of prostomium (pe = peristomial ring, h = prostomial horns) E Lab images, midbody and posterior parapodia, chaetigers 15 (left) and 24 (right) (dc = dorsal cirrus, vc = ventral cirrus, ip = interramal papilla) F Lab image, detail of dorsal cirrus and internal gland (dc = dorsal cirrus, ig = internal gland) G Lab image, detail of notopodial spines on chaetiger 1 H Lab image, detail of capillary chaetae (lc = lyrate chaetae) I Lab image, detail of lyrate chaetae. Morphological features in plates B–D, F, G, H have been outlined with a fine white or black line to improve clarity of those features. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 μm (F–H); 50 μm (I).

Figure 26 from: Wiklund H, Neal L, Glover AG, Drennan R, Rabone M, Dahlgren TG (2019) Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae and Travisiidae. ZooKeys 883: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193

Figure 26 Oligobregma tani sp. nov. holotype (specimen NHM_1454). A Lab image, whole specimen (pre-stain,) B Live image, whole specimen C Lab image, dorsal anterior, (stained, h = prostomial horns, pe = peristomial ring) D Lab image, lateral anterior, (stained, h = prostomial horns, pe = peristomial ring) E Lab image, ventral anterior, (stained, vm = ventral midline) F Lab image, mid-body parapodia (faded stain, dc = dorsal cirrus, vc = ventral cirrus, ip = interramal papilla) G Lab image, detail of dorsal cirrus, with no internal gland visible (dc = dorsal cirrus) H Lab image, detail of hirsute spines on notopodia on chaetiger 1 ([left panel]) I Lab image, detail of capillary and lyrate chaetae on chaetiger 12 J Lab image, detail lyrate chaetae. Morphological features in plates F, G have been outlined with a fine white line to improve clarity of those features. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, C, E); 50 μm (G–I).

Figure 24 from: Wiklund H, Neal L, Glover AG, Drennan R, Rabone M, Dahlgren TG (2019) Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae and Travisiidae. ZooKeys 883: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193

Figure 24 Oligobregma brasierae sp. nov. A Lab image, whole specimen (holotype [specimen NHM_823], pre-staining) B Lab image, dorsal anterior (holotype, faded stain, h = prostomial horns, pe = peristomial ring) C Lab image, dorsal segments, quadriannulate chaetigers (holotype, faded stain) D Lab image, ventral segments (holotype, faded stain, vm = ventral midline) E Lab image, ventral anterior, (holotype, pre-staining) F Lab image, mid-body parapodia (holotype, shirlastained, dc = dorsal cirrus, vc = ventral cirrus, ip = interramal papilla) G Lab image, detail of dorsal cirrus (paratype NHM_684, ig = internal gland) H Lab image, detail of hirstute notopodial spines on chaetiger 1 (paratype NHM_684, ig = internal gland) I Lab image, detail of capillary and lyrate chaetae (paratype NHM_684) J Lab images, posterior (paratype NHM_684, [bottom-left panel], ac = anal cirri, ig = internal gland). Morphological features in plates B–D, F, G, H have been outlined with a fine white or black line to improve clarity of those features. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, E); 50 μm (G); 25 μm (H, I); 100 μm (J).

Figure 23 from: Wiklund H, Neal L, Glover AG, Drennan R, Rabone M, Dahlgren TG (2019) Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae and Travisiidae. ZooKeys 883: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193

Figure 23 Phylogenetic analysis of Opheliidae. 50% majority rule tree from the Bayesian analyses using 18S and 16S, with posterior probability values on nodes. Twenty-nine taxa from GenBank were included, and Capitellidae and Echiura was chosen as outgroup following the annelid phylogeny of Weigert and Bleidorn (2016).

Figure 22 from: Wiklund H, Neal L, Glover AG, Drennan R, Rabone M, Dahlgren TG (2019) Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae and Travisiidae. ZooKeys 883: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193

Figure 22 Ophelina sp. NHM_1331 (specimen NHM_1331). A Lab image, whole specimen, dorsal view (faded stain) B Lab image, whole specimen, lateral view (faded stain) C Live image, whole specimen D Lab image, anterior (faded stain, br = branchiae, no = nuchal organ) E Lab image, detail of anterior (br = branchiae, no = nuchal organ) F Lab image, posterior, anal funnel (br = branchiae) G Lab image, detail of posterior and anal funnel (br = branchiae). Morphological features in plates B, D–G have been outlined with a fine white line to improve clarity of those features. Scale bars: 1 mm(A, B); 100 μm (E, G).

Figure 21 from: Wiklund H, Neal L, Glover AG, Drennan R, Rabone M, Dahlgren TG (2019) Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae and Travisiidae. ZooKeys 883: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193

Figure 21 Ophelina sp. NHM_1068. A Lab image, whole specimen (specimen NHM_1068,) B Lab image, whole specimen (specimen NHM_1874, faded stain) C Live image, whole specimen (specimen NHM_1874) D Live image, anterior, with branchiae outlined in a fine black line (specimen NHM_1068, br = branchiae) E Lab image, detail of palpode (specimen NHM_1068) F Lab image, detail of anterior parapodia and branchiae (specimen NHM_1874, stained) G Lab image, posterior (specimen NHM_1068) H Lab image, detail of anal funnel (specimen NHM_1068). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 100 μm (E).

Figure 30 from: Wiklund H, Neal L, Glover AG, Drennan R, Rabone M, Dahlgren TG (2019) Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae and Travisiidae. ZooKeys 883: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193

Figure 30 Travisia sp. NHM_1244. A Lab images, whole specimens (specimen NHM_1244, unstained [top], specimen NHM_1863, faded stain [bottom]) B Live image, whole specimen (specimen NHM_1863) C Lab image, dorsal anterior (specimen NHM_1863, stained, pr = prostomium) D Lab image, ventral anterior, (stained) (specimen NHM_1863, m = mouth) E Lab image, lateral posterior (specimen NHM_1863, stained, pp = parapodia, io = interramal organs) F Lab image, detail of capillary chaetae (specimen NHM_1244) G Lab image, pygidium, distal view (lower left) and lateral view (upper right), with pygidial features outlined in a fine white line (specimen NHM_1863, stained, vl = ventral lobe). Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 50 μm (F).

Figure 20 from: Wiklund H, Neal L, Glover AG, Drennan R, Rabone M, Dahlgren TG (2019) Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae and Travisiidae. ZooKeys 883: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193

Figure 20 Ophelina sp. NHM_689 (specimen NHM_689). A Lab image, whole specimen, lateral view (pre-stain) B Lab image, whole specimen, ventral view (faded stain, vg = ventral groove) C Live image, whole specimen D Lab image, damaged anterior (stained, br = branchiae, pr = prostomium) E Lab image, detail of anterior branchiae (br = branchiae) F Lab image, posterior branchiae (stained, br = branchiae) G Lab image, mid-body parapodia (stained, pp = parapodia) H Lab image, detail of capillary chaetae. Morphological features in plates B, D–G have been outlined with a fine white line to improve clarity of those features. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (D); 50 μm (E); 0.25 (F, H).

Figure 2 from: Wiklund H, Neal L, Glover AG, Drennan R, Rabone M, Dahlgren TG (2019) Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae and Travisiidae. ZooKeys 883: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193

Figure 2 Capitellidae sp. NHM_1486 (specimen NHM_1486). A Lab image, whole specimen B Live image, anterior C Lab image, anterior, highlighting first three chaetigers (faded stain, pr = prostomium, pb = proboscis) D Lab image, thoracic capillary chaetae E Lab image, transitionary chaetigers between thorax and abdomen (faded stain) (t = thorax, h = hooks, a = abdomen) F Lab image, hooks G Lab image, whole specimen (methyl green stain). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 25 μm (D, F).

Figure 3 from: Wiklund H, Neal L, Glover AG, Drennan R, Rabone M, Dahlgren TG (2019) Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae and Travisiidae. ZooKeys 883: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193

Figure 3 Notomastus sp. NHM_162. A Lab image, whole specimen (specimen NHM_162) B Live image, whole specimen (specimen NHM_162) C Lab image, biannulated chaetigers (specimen NHM_162) D Lab image, prostomium (specimen NHM_162, pr = prostomium) E Lab image, whole specimen, dorsal (specimen NHM_915B, no = notopodial lobe, nu = neuropodial lobe) F Lab image, whole specimen, ventral (specimen NHM_915B, nu = neuropodial lobe) G Lab image, thoracic chaetae, (specimen NHM_162) H Lab image, thoracic hooks (specimen NHM_162) I Lab image, whole specimen (specimen NHM_162, methyl green stain). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, E, F, I); 50 μm (G, H).