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307 results for “Ornithischia”
Figure 18. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 18. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232/10. Sacral block in ventral view. This block appears to show a sacrum comprising 7 fused vertebrae. Closer inspection suggests that one of the vertebrae 'inv.ins' is not only inverted (the neural canal, nc, is shown ventrally), but it may well represent an additional (inserted) element judged by the comparative length of the adjacent ilia. Abbreviations: ac = acetabulum; ap = anterior process of the ilium; dv = dorsal vertebrae; inv.ins = an apparently inverted and inserted vertebral centrum; is.p = ischial peduncle; nc = neural canal; pu.p = pubic peduncle; s.1, s.6(7) = numbered sacrals; sy = partial sacricostal yoke.
Figure 21. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 21. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232/10. Sternal bone (left) in external aspect. The anterior end is thickened and capped by cartilage, the medial edge becomes increasingly thin posteriorly. The oblique posterior process has a bifaceted tip for attachment of presumed cartilaginous sternal ribs. Abbreviations: cs = surface for attachment to a coracosternal cartilage; r.f = facets for attachment of sternal ribs.
Figure 11. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 11. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232/36-3. Dentary, right (partial). Partially exposed dentition and alveolar trough, anterior and posterior ends missing. Abbreviations: al = alveoli; cp = coronoid process; mg = Meckel's groove.
Figure 8. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 8. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. Skull table in dorsal view. A, PIN (unregistered). B, PIN 2232/ 36-1. C, PIN 2232/17-1. Abbreviations: fr = frontal; p = parietal; po = postorbital; sq = squamosal; stf = supratemporal fenestra.
Figure 1 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 1. Mongolia and northern China, showing the relative positions of the main dinosaur localities discussed in this article: Iren Dabasu (Neimongol), Maortu (Neimongol) and Mazhongshan (Gansu).
Figure 3 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 3. Probactrosaurus. Tentative skull reconstruction based on the dissociated materials in the collections (PIN 2232/) of the Palaeontology Institute Nauk, Moscow. The skull table was undoubtedly low and flat, with a low, but narrow sagittal crest. The pose of the premaxilla relative to the bones of the snout (notably the maxilla) is conjectural. The relative proportions of the circumorbital bones are conjectural, and it is not known whether a palpebral was present. The form of the quadratojugal is unknown. Abbreviations: d = dentary; fr = frontal; j = jugal; la = lacrimal; mx = maxilla; n = nasal; pd = predentary; pm = premaxilla; po = postorbital; prf = prefrontal; q = quadrate; sa = surangular; sq = squamosal.
Figure 7. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 7. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232/22-3. Quadrate (right) in lateral (A) and anterior (B) view. Abbreviations: cond = articular condyle for the lower jaw (surangular + articular); emb = embayment in the jugal wing of the quadrate (the facet on the upper edge of this recess may be for the attachment of the quadratojugal); h = dorsal 'head' of the quadrate articulates in a socket on the quadrate; pt.w = pterygoid wing of the quadrate.
Figure 23. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 23. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232/10. Radius and ulna (right) from the mounted skeleton, misarticulated distally, in lateral view. Abbreviations: c.fac = facets on the distal end of the radius for articulation of the carpal bones; ol = olecranon process; rad = radius.
Figure 22. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 22. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232/2-8. Humerus (right) in (A) posterior and (B) anterior aspect. Abbreviations: dpc = deltopectoral crest; h = articular head; rc = radial condyle; sc = muscle scar; uc = ulnar condyle.
Figure 26 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 26. Restoration of the manus of (A) Probactrosaurus gobiensis compared to the manus of (B) Iguanodon atherfieldensis (BMNH R.5764). No attempt has been made to restore digit V of the manus. Note, in particular, the more slender proportions of the metacarpals of P. gobiensis and the proportionally smaller pollex ungual.
Figure 2 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 2. Probactrosaurus gobiensis (based on the holotype: PIN 2232/1) as reconstructed by Rozhdestvensky (1966: fig. 1). The most notable error in this reconstruction is the rotation of the quadrate. The 'left' quadrate, as illustrated, is the right quadrate viewed in posterior aspect.
Figure 30. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 30. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232/39-1. Femur, left, in dorsal (A), medial (B), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views. Abbreviations: 4th = fourth trochanter; aic = anterior intercondylar groove; a.tr = anterior trochanter; g.tr = greater trochanter.
Figure 25. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. A, PIN 2232 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 25. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. A, PIN 2232/18-8. Proximal phalanx, manus II (right). B, PIN 2232/11-2. Proximal phalanx, manus III (right). C, PIN 2232/10-69. Small distal phalanx,? manus V. D−G, PIN 2232/11-4. Pollex ungual. H−J, PIN 2232/11-5. Ungual phalanx, manus II. Abbreviations: gr = ungual claw groove.
Figure 10. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 10. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232/23-1. Predentary in anterodorsal (A), posteroventral (B) and anteroventral (C) view. Abbreviations: mdp = median dorsal process; v.gr = vascular groove; vpr = ventral process (broken at base).
Figure 29. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 29. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232/29-2. Ischium, right in lateral (A) and medial (B) view. Abbreviations: ac = acetabulum; I.p = iliac peduncle of the ischium; obt = obturator process; p.p = pubic peduncle of the ischium.
Figure 13. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 13. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232/1-4. Surangular (partial right) in lateral view. Abbreviations: an.s = sutural surface for the angular; d.s = sutural surface for a posterior process of the dentary; for = surangular foramen; lip = lateral lip to the quadrate cotylus.
Figure 17 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 17. Posterior cervical-dorsal vertebrae from the mounted skeleton of Probactrosaurus gobiensis. PIN 2232/ 10. These specimens are poorly preserved and jumbled, all seem to be missing neural spines and much of the neural platform. Anterior dorsals-?posterior cervicals have convexo-concave centra. Abbreviations: caud? = caudal vertebrae; mid.d = mid-dorsal vertebrae; p.c-a.d = posterior cervical/anterior dorsal vertebrae.
Figure 19. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 19. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. PIN 2232/10. Caudal vertebrae. Examples of proximal, middle and distal caudals. Abbreviations: a.z = anterior zygapophyses; cr = caudal rib; ph = posterior haemapophysis (chevron facet); pz = posterior zygapophysis.
Figure 32. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. A, PIN 2232 in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 32. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. A, PIN 2232/32-1. Tibia in anterior (dorsal) view. B, PIN 2232/10 (mounted skeleton) showing the articulated tibia, fibula and astragalus in anterior view. Abbreviations: as.s = sutural surface for the astragalus; ast = astragalus; cc = cnemial crest; fib.s = sutural surface for attachment of the fibula.
Figure 20. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. A in On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 4. Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky, 1966
Figure 20. Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky, 1966. A, scapula in lateral view (PIN 2232/1). B, scapula 'alashanicus' in medial view (PIN 2232/41-3). C, coracoid in lateral view (PIN 2232/2-5). Abbreviations: acr = 'acromion' process; for = coracoid foramen; gl = humeral glenoid; ri = coracoid ridge; sc = muscle scars.
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