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7,562 results for “Pediatrics”
Predictive scoring for risk of complications in pediatric dengue infection
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Background: </span></strong><span>Dengue infection has been a worrisome cause of mortality and morbidity in children. Though numerous scoring systems have been developed, they are in the adult population or are too complicated for use in children. Pediatric dengue infection has a wide spectrum from a mild illness to severe complications and an unpredictable course. Hence the need for a predictive scoring system where the possibility of complications can be identified which can contribute to reduction in mortality and morbidity of dengue by prompt referrals and anticipatory management. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong>Methodology:</strong> Prospective case cohort study of children with confirmed dengue. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong>Results</strong>: 303 children were included and divided into two groups – the dengue fever group and the complicated dengue group based on the WHO clinical classification. The clinical and laboratory parameters were analysed individually, cut offs identified by ROC curves and compared for significance between the two groups. The parameters that emerged were hypotension, PCV ≥ 42%, platelet count ≤ 75000 cells/cumm, WBC ≥ 7000 cells/cumm, and ALT ≥ 70U/L.</span> <span>Using the adjusted odd's Ratio, and coefficient, individual predictive scores were tabulated ranging from 0 to 3, with a total score of 0 to 7. A cut-off score of 2 was then identified based upon the sensitivity(84.13%) and specificity(72.50%) as the ideal score to predict complicated dengue. Internal validation of the score was done where the area under the curve for predicting complicated dengue was 0.86(95% CI 0.8-0.92) with a P value of <0.001.</span><strong><span> </span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Conclusion</span></strong><span>: </span><span>Our dengue predictive scoring system has been developed using five indicators, with a score of 2 and above out of 7, suggesting increased risk of developing complications. This has been validated internally and can be used to predict complicated dengue among children.</span></p>
Data from: Implementation of a pediatric telemedicine and medication delivery service in a resource-limited setting: A pilot study for clinical safety and feasibility
<p>Objective: Determine the clinical safety and feasibility of implementing a telemedicine and medication delivery service (TMDS) to address gaps in nighttime healthcare access for children in low-resource settings.</p> <p>Results: A total of 391 cases were enrolled from September 9th, 2019 to January 19th, 2021; 89% (347) received a household visit. Most cases were triaged as mild or moderate (92%; 361). Among the severe cases, 83% (20) sought subsequent referred care. The most common complaint was a respiratory problem (63%; 246). At 10-days, 95% (329) of parents reported their child's condition as "improved" or "recovered". Ninety-nine percent (344) rated the TMDS as "good" or "great". The median phone consultation was 20 minutes, time to arrival at the household was 73 minutes and total workflow per case was 114 minutes.</p> <p>Conclusion: The TMDS was a feasible healthcare delivery model with high rates of improved clinical status at 10-days.</p>
Longitudinal trends of EHR concepts in pediatric patients
<p>The longitudinal nature of the data motivated temporal trend identification in the pediatric EHR datatypes. Over the past three decades (1980-2018), we identified and quantified the temporal trend of 16,460 EHR concepts across measurement, visit, diagnosis, drug, and procedure datatypes. </p>
Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a pediatric cohort in Kuwait
<p><strong><span>Objective: </span></strong><span>Subsequent protection from severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection in pediatrics is not well reported in the literature. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 PCR repositivity in children. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Design:</span></strong><span> This is a population-level retrospective cohort study</span></p> <p><strong><span>Setting: </span></strong><span>Patients were identified through multiple national-level electronic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) databases covering all Kuwait's primary, secondary and tertiary centers. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Participants: The </span></strong><span>study included children 12 years and younger over an 11-month period between 2020 and 2021. SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was defined as having two or more positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR done on a respiratory sample, at least 45 days apart. Clinical data were obtained from the Pediatric COVID-19 Registry in Kuwait (PCR-Q8). </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Primary and secondary outcome measures:</span></strong><span> The primary measure is to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 PCR repositivity rate. The secondary objective was to establish average duration between first and subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection.</span><span> </span><span>Descriptive statistics was used to present clinical data for each infection episode. Also, incidence-sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate 60- and 90-day PCR repositivity intervals.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> Thirty pediatric COVID-19 patients had SARS-CoV-2 reinfection at an incidence of 1.02 (95% CI 0.71-1.45) infection per 100,000 person-days and a median time to reinfection of 83 days (IQR 62-128.75). <span>The incidence of reinfection decreased to 0.78 (95% CI 0.52-1.17) and 0.47 (95% CI 0.28-0.79) per person-days when the minimum interval between PCR repositivity was increased to 60 and 90 days, respectively. </span>The mean age of reinfected subjects was 8.5 years (IQR 3.7-10.3) and the majority (70%) were females. Most children (55.2%) had asymptomatic reinfection. Fever was the most common presentation in symptomatic patients. One immunocompromised experienced two reinfection episodes.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusion: </span></strong><span>SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is uncommon in children. Previous confirmed COVID-19 in children seems to result in milder reinfection.</span></p>
Date advanced functional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques for pediatric population diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
<p class="MsoNormal">Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly prevalent childhood-onset neurodevelopment disorder. Several clinical tools are used for ADHD diagnosis such as behavior rating scales, intelligence tests, severity, and dysfunction scales. However, these methods depend to the experience and training of physician increasing human error. DICOM Images using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides quantitative result such as fractional anisotropy or the number of tracts that could be helpful to support ADHD diagnosis.</p>
Genetic anaylsis of pediatric osteoarticular infections
<p><strong>Background</strong>: Pediatric osteoarticular infections are commonly caused by <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. The contribution of <em>S. aureus</em> genomic variability to pathogenesis of these infections is poorly described. </p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We prospectively enrolled 47 children over 3 1/2 years from whom <em>S. aureus</em> was isolated on culture---12 uninfected with skin colonization, 16 with skin abscesses, 19 with osteoarticular infections (four with septic arthritis, three with acute osteomyelitis, six with acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis and six with chronic osteomyelitis). Isolates underwent whole genome sequencing, with assessment for 254 virulence genes and any mutations as well as the creation of a phylogenetic tree. Finally, isolates were compared for their ability to form static biofilms and compared to the genetic analysis.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: No sequence types predominated amongst osteoarticular infections. Only genes involved in the evasion of host immune defenses were more frequently carried by isolates from osteoarticular infections than from skin colonization (p=.02). Virulence gene mutations were only noted in 14 genes (three regulating biofilm formation) when comparing isolates from subjects with osteoarticular infections and those with skin colonization. Biofilm results demonstrated large heterogeneity in the isolates' capacity to form static biofilms, with healthy control isolates producing more robust biofilm formation.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>:<em> S. aureus</em> causing osteoarticular infections are genetically heterogeneous, and more frequently harbor genes involved in immune evasion than less invasive isolates. However, virulence gene carriage overall is similar with infrequent mutations, suggesting that pathogenesis of <em>S. aureus</em> osteoarticular infections may be primarily regulated at transcriptional and/or translational levels.</p>
Pediatric chest lymphoma with segmentation
<p>30 CT scans from 30 different pediatric patients diagnosed with any type of lymphoma were collected. All patients were hospitalized between the years 2013 and 2020. One CT scan per patient was included to maximize potential variance in the data and increase model generalizability. There were 17 boys and 13 girls in the study group, and the mean age was 12.8 (SD 4.1, minimum age 2, maximum age 17).</p> <p>Subsequently, two radiology residents performed segmentation of thoracic lymph nodes in 3D Slicer software. <br> The first 17 segmentations were performed manually. Then, an initial model was trained on these scans and used to perform initial segmentations on the remaining 13 scans to accelerate the process. All initial segmentations were subsequently reviewed by the radiology residents responsible for segmentation, and necessary adjustments were made.</p> <p>Dataset consists of raw CT scans and accompanying segmentation. </p> <p>Dataset publication and collection were funded by Polish National Science Centre grant 2020/36/T/NZ5/00515</p>
Interplay between Genetics, Epigenetics & Exposures- Proposed Algorithm for Pediatric Cancer Development
Interplay between Genetics, Epigenetics & Exposures- Proposed Algorithm for Pediatric Cancer Development
Data from: Neuroprotection provided by hypothermia initiated with high transnasal flow with ambient air in a model of pediatric cardiac arrest
<p>Clinical trials of hypothermia after pediatric cardiac arrest have not seen robust improvement in functional outcome, possibly because of the long delay in achieving target temperature. Previous work in infant piglets showed that high nasal airflow, which induces evaporative cooling in the nasal mucosa, reduced regional brain temperature uniformly in half the time needed to reduce body temperature. The mouth is kept open to allow the high nasal airflow to easily exit. Here, we evaluated whether initiation of hypothermia with high transnasal airflow (32 L/min) provides neuroprotection without adverse effects in the setting of asphyxic cardiac arrest. Anesthetized, mechanically ventilated piglets (approximately 2-weeks-old) underwent sham-operated procedures (Group 1) or asphyxic cardiac arrest (Groups 2-6). The asphyxic insult consisted of reducing the inspired oxygen from 30% to 9.5-10% for 45 minutes (hypoxia period), then briefly increasing the inspired oxygen to 21% for 5 min (to improve the later success of cardiac resuscitation), and then completely stopping ventilation for 7 minutes. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) commenced by re-establishing ventilation, performing chest compression, and injecting epinephrine as needed. The five cardiac arrest groups were further divided into those with normothermic recovery (38.5°C; Group 2), with mild hypothermia (34°C) initiated by surface cooling at 10 minutes (Group 3) or 120 minutes (Group 5) after resuscitation, or with mild hypothermia (34°C) initiated by transnasal cooling initiated at 10 minutes (Group 4) or 120 minutes (Group 6) after resuscitation. In the two transnasal cooling groups, the high nasal airflow continued for 2 hours and was then stopped; thereafter, surface cooling was used to maintain hypothermia. In all four groups with induced hypothermia, rectal temperature was sustained at the targeted temperature of 34°C with surface cooling until 20 hours after resuscitation, followed by 6 hours of gradual rewarming and cessation of fentanyl/70% nitrous oxide anesthesia.<strong> </strong>At four days of recovery, the piglets were euthanized and their brains were analyzed for the density of morphologically intact neurons in putamen, sensorimotor cortex, ventrolateral thalamus, and prefrontal cortex. The data sheet shows the density of viable neurons in these 4 brain regions for the 45 piglets that completed the study. The data sheet also shows the serial measurements of rectal temperature, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial blood measurements of the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2), oxyhemoglobin saturation, and pH obtained at baseline, during the period of hypoxia, at 4 minutes of ventilation with 21% O2, during the period of asphyxia, and during the first 24 hours of recovery. The piglets are assigned the same unique identifier number, labelled 1-45, for each set of measurements. Transnasal cooling initiated at 10 minutes after resuscitation was able to significantly rescue neurons in the highly vulnerable putamen without adverse effects.</p>
Surgical Outcomes in Chiari 1 and Chiari 1.5 Malformation (pediatric cohort)
<p>Anonymized dataset of the cohort of patients for the paper:</p> <p><span>Surgical Outcomes in Chiari 1 and Chiari 1.5 Malformation Treated by Posterior Fossa Reconstruction: A Comprehensive Analysis of 110 Pediatric Cases </span><span>and Literature Review.</span></p>
NIH BREATHE mHealth pediatric activity classification dataset
<p>The Biomedical REAl-Time Health Evaluation (BREATHE) platform is part of the Los Angeles PRISMS (Pediatric Research with Integrated Monitoring Systems) NIH-funded Center, which focuses on informatics platforms for mHealth (NIH/NIBIB U54 EB022002; PI: Alex Bui). This dataset was developed to better establish models for child activity classification based on smartwatch sensors. Specifically, a Motorola 360 smartwatch was worn by 21 subjects (age ranged 11-18), generating annotated data across different sensors (3-axis accelerometry, gyroscope, heart rate) for 6 different types of physical activity:three static postures (standing, sitting, lying) and three dynamic activities (walking, walking downstairs and walking upstairs). The study was motivated by the fact that current activity classifiers are typically geared towards <em>adult </em>bodies and patterns of motion; children exhibit different motion patterns, particularly as they grow. This dataset is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather a starting point for exploring differences in motion patterns across children (and relative to adults).</p>
SARS-CoV-2 viral loads across the upper and lower respiratory tract, sex, disease severity and age groups for adult and pediatric COVID-19
<p>This dataset shows SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viral loads (viral RNA concentration in the respiratory tract) in the upper and lower respiratory tract for age, sex and COVID-19 severity groups. The data were obtained from a systematic review. The model outputs show the Weibull distributions, case percentiles, and sensitivity & specificity when using SARS-CoV-2 viral load (URT or LRT) as a prognostic indicator. See our paper for more information.</p>
HLA epitopic mismatch and risk of developing Donor Specific Antibodies in pediatric kidney transplantation
<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between epitopic HLA mismatches and the risk of developing DSA in pediatric kidney recipients. There are very few publications concerning epitope HLA mismatch in pediatric kidney transplantation although this topic has been growing in scientific articles in recent years and is promising in adult recipients. The majority of children with chronic renal failure will require multiple kidney transplants during their lifetime and it is therefore important that we can limit the risk of antibody development in order to give them the best chance of survival for their future kidney transplants.</p>
Multi-Omic Approach Associates Blood Methylome with Bronchodilator Drug Response in Pediatric Asthma: Summary statistics
<p>We conducted an epigenome-wide association study of bronchodilator drug response (BDR) in a discovery and validation design. The discovery phase was focused on 221 African American children with asthma. The association between DNA methylation and BDR was conducted using the limma package correcting for age, sex, ancestry, and tissue heterogeneity. Summary statistics include the output from toptable limma function and CpG annotation (based on Illumina EPIC Manifest file v 1.0 B4) organized in the following columns:</p> <ul> <li>Probe: Probe ID</li> <li>Chr: chromosome</li> <li>Pos: genomic position based on GRCh37/hg19</li> <li>Gene: Gene annotation based on Illumina EPIC Manifest file v 1.0 B4</li> <li>logFC: estimate of the log2-fold-change corresponding to the effect or contrast</li> <li>SE: standard error</li> <li>AveExpr: average log2-expression for the probe over all arrays and channels</li> <li>t: moderated t-statistic</li> <li>P.value: raw p-value</li> <li>FDR: adjusted p-value by false discovery rate</li> <li>B: log-odds that the gene is differentially expressed</li> <li>Problem: Flagged potentially problematic probes</li> </ul>
Reporting quality of abstracts and inconsistencies with full text articles in pediatric orthopedic publications
<p>Abstracts should provide a brief yet comprehensive reporting of all components of a manuscript. Inaccurate reporting may mislead readers and impact citation practices. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the reporting quality of abstracts of observational studies in three major pediatric orthopedic journals against an itemized checklist. The secondary objective was to analyze any reporting inconsistencies between the abstracts and their corresponding full-text articles. Herein, we present the raw data with explanatory comments for the above-titled research. </p>
An Assessment of Medication Errors among Pediatric Patients in Three Hospitals in Freetown Sierra Leone: Findings and Implications for a Low-Income Country
<p> </p><p><strong>Background</strong></p><p>Pediatric patients are prone to medicine-related problems like medication errors (MEs), which can potentially cause harm. Yet, this has not been studied in this population in Sierra Leone. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and nature of MEs, including potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) in pediatric patients in three hospitals in Freetown, Sierra Leone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted in three Hospitals among pediatric patients in Freetown and consisted of two phases. Phase one was a cross-sectional retrospective review of prescriptions for completeness and accuracy against standard prescription writing guidelines. Phase two was a point prevalence inpatient chart review of MEs that were categorized into prescription, administration, and dispensing errors and pDDIs. Data was analyzed using frequency, percentages, median, and interquartile range. Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the prescription accuracy between the hospitals, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In phase one<strong>, </strong>while no prescription attained the global accuracy score (GAS) gold standard of 100%, 106 (29.0%) achieved the 80-100% mark. The patient 63 (17.2%), treatment 228 (62.3%), and prescriber 33 (9.0%) identifiers achieved an overall GAS range of 80-100%. Although the total GAS was not statistically significant (p=0.065), the date (p=0.041), patient (p=<0.001), treatment (p=0.022), and prescriber (p=<0.001) identifiers were statistically significant across the different hospitals. For phase two, the prevalence of MEs was 74 (56.1%), while that for pDDIs was 54 (40.9%). There was a statistically positive correlation between the occurrence of pDDI and the number of medicines prescribed (r=0.211, P=0.015).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low GAS depicts poor compliance with prescription writing guidelines and high prescribing errors. Medication errors were observed at each phase of the medication use cycle, while clinically significant pDDIs were also reported. Thus, there is a need for training on prescription writing guidelines and medication errors.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Pediatrics, Prescription, Medication errors, Drug-drug interactions, Sierra Leone</p>
Pediatric standardized residency training faculty's perceptions of medical education research
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Rigorous medical education research (MER) conducted by faculty in pediatric standardized residency training (SRT) can contribute to the promotion of child health care. </p> <p><strong>Aim:</strong> This study aimed to assess the perceptions of pediatric SRT faculty regarding MER in Guangdong Province, China. </p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> A questionnaire survey was conducted involving 40 pediatric SRT clinical teachers from 10 hospitals in Guangdong Province.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Among the 40 teachers, 16 (40.00%) stated that they did not participate any MER activities. The main challenges they encountered in conducting MER were the lack of training (72.50%), limited time (80.00%), and lack of grants funding (60.00%). Only 10 (25.00%)teachers were reported to have received grants for MER projects. </p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the importance of providing support and training to pediatric SRT faculty in Guangdong Province, China, to enhance their engagement in MER. Addressing these challenges can lead to significant improvements in child heal care promotion through evidence-based educational practices. </p>
Feasibility of Monitoring Health Data in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04134429. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Primary Care Pediatrics Learning Activity and Nutrition With Families
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02873715. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Safety and Efficacy Study of Romiplostim to Treat Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) in Pediatric Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01444417. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 3. Publications: 1.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.